scholarly journals Infectious Disease Surveillance Designated by the Infectious Disease Control Law, and the Situation of Emerging/Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Japan.

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko OKABE
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance

scholarly journals Mobile-based and open-source infectious disease surveillance and outbreak management in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kassim ◽  
C Arinze ◽  
D Tom-Aba ◽  
O Adeoye ◽  
C Ihekweazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Outbreak Management

Abstract Introduction The PANDORA-ID-NET consortium aims to build capacity for effective outbreak response in sub-Saharan Africa. Part of this mission is to develop a real-time data sharing platform for disease outbreaks that leverages centralised data management and uses mobile technologies for data gathering and feedback. We have committed to using open-source technologies, so that the platform can be deployed on regional IT infrastructure and further developed by local staff, and collected data can be stored and processed in the region of origin. This abstract aims to describe how we identified a state of the art open-source system that fulfils these criteria, and the process of how we are extending it to function within the current infectious disease control framework in Tanzania, under our partnership with the Ifakara Health Institute (IHI). Methods To find state of the art open-source systems matching our criteria, we performed a rapid review of the literature. We screened 1022 articles and found 15 candidate systems, out of which only SORMAS satisfied the criteria. SORMAS was developed jointly by the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Nigeria CDC, and was modeled on Nigeria's successful response to the Ebola outbreak. The system can be used for case management, contact tracing, surveillance, and laboratory sample management. Data is collected and synchronised using Android mobile devices (both online and offline) and data aggregation and analysis are performed in real-time via a web application Results Having chosen SORMAS, we established a collaboration between the SORMAS developer team and the PANDORA team. IHI are guiding ongoing work on adapting SORMAS to the Tanzanian health facility geography and the country's case definition guidelines for notifiable diseases. Conclusions Once adapted for Tanzania, SORMAS will fill an unoccupied niche in infectious disease control, improving the quality of collected case data and enabling better outbreak response Key messages A state of the art, mobile-based, open-source outbreak management and infectious disease surveillance system (SORMAS) is being deployed in Tanzania. We outline our experience with piloting SORMAS in Tanzania, building on the experience of our Nigerian and German partners, who rolled out this system nationally in Nigeria and other African countries.

Understanding of Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases (EID and REID)

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-380
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Okabe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
And Control

Infectious diseases are no longer fatal enabling many people to live without anxiety. However, provision to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EID/REID) are new global issues and every country has been requested to strengthen core capacity for infectious disease early detection and control. In this issue, background and concept of EID/REID, and Japanese efforts including introduction of Infectious Disease Control Law and surveillance system were described.

scholarly journals Towards One Health Knowledge Networks: A Southern African Centre of Infectious Disease Surveillance case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Beda
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
One Health ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance

The dynamic nature of new information and/or knowledge is a big challenge for information systems. Early knowledge management systems focused entirely on technologies for storing, searching and retrieving data; these systems have proved a failure. Juirsica and Mylopoulos1 suggested that in order to build effective technologies for knowledge management, we need to further our understanding of how individuals, groups and organisations use knowledge. As the focus on knowledge management for organisations and consortia alike is moving towards a keen appreciation of how deeply knowledge is embedded in people’s experiences, there is a general realisation that knowledge cannot be stored or captured digitally. This puts more emphasis in creating enabling environments for interactions that stimulate knowledge sharing.Our work aims at developing an un-obtrusive intelligent system that glues together effective contemporary and traditional technologies to aid these interactions and manage the information captured. In addition this system will include tools to aid propagating a repository of scientific information relevant to surveillance of infectious diseases to complement knowledge shared and/or acts as a point of reference.This work is ongoing and based on experiences in developing a knowledge network management system for the Southern African Centre of Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS), A One Health consortium of southern African academic and research institutions involved with infectious diseases of humans and animals in partnership with world-renowned centres of research in industrialised countries.

scholarly journals Special Issue on Infectious Disease Control in SATREPS Projects

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-734
Author(s):  
Sumio Shinoda
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
International Joint

The Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) is a Japanese government program that promotes international joint research. The program is structured as a collaboration between the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The program includes various fields, such as Environment and Energy, Bioresources, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, and Infectious Disease Control, and a total 52 projects were currently in progress as of May, 2018. It is expected that the promotion of international joint research under this program will enable Japanese research institutions to conduct research more effectively in fields and having targets that make it advantageous to do that research in developing countries, including countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, and Africa. Recently, SATREPS projects in the field of Infectious Disease have been but under the control of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED). Although adult maladies, such as malignant tumors, heart disease, and cerebral apoplexy, are major causes of death in the developed countries including Japan, infectious diseases are still responsible for the high mortality rates in developing countries. Therefore, Infectious Disease Control is the important field of SATREPS. Infectious Disease Control projects are progressing in several countries, including Kenya, Zambia, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Brazil, and various infectious diseases and pathogens have been targeted. In this special issue on Infectious Disease Control, the following reports from three projects have been selected: “The JICA-AMED SATREPS Project to Control Outbreaks of Yellow Fever and Rift Valley Fever in Kenya” by Nagasaki University, “Comprehensive Etiological and Epidemiological Study on Acute Respiratory Infections in Children in the Philippines” by Tohoku University, and “International Joint Research on Antifungal Resistant Fungi in Brazil” by Chiba University. These projects include viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. If they become available, further supplementary reports from other projects in this field will be published in a future issue.

scholarly journals When might Host Heterogeneity Drive the Evolution of Asymptomatic, Pandemic Coronaviruses?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi W. Okamoto ◽  
Virakbott Ong ◽  
Robert G. Wallace ◽  
Rodrick Wallace ◽  
Luis Fernando Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Pathogen Strains ◽  
Host Heterogeneity

For most emerging infectious diseases, including SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), pharmaceutical intervensions such as drugs and vaccines are not available, and disease surveillance followed by isolating, contact-tracing and quarantining infectious individuals is critical for controlling outbreaks. These interventions often begin by identifying symptomatic individuals. However, by actively removing pathogen strains likely to be symptomatic, such interventions may inadvertently select for strains less likely to result in symptomatic infections. Additionally, the pathogen's fitness landscape is structured around a heterogeneous host pool. In particular, uneven surveillance efforts and distinct transmission risks across host classes can drastically alter selection pressures. Here we explore this interplay between evolution caused by disease control efforts, on the one hand, and host heterogeneity in the efficacy of public health interventions on the other, on the potential for a less symptomatic, but widespread, pathogen to evolve. We use an evolutionary epidemiology model parameterized for SARS-CoV-2, as the widespread potential for silent transmission by asymptomatic hosts has been hypothesized to account, in part, for its rapid global spread. We show that relying on symptoms-driven reporting for disease control ultimately shifts the pathogen's fitness landscape and can cause pandemics. We find such outcomes result when isolation and quarantine efforts are intense, but insufficient for suppression. We further show that when host removal depends on the prevalence of symptomatic infections, intense isolation efforts can select for the emergence and extensive spread of more asymptomatic strains. The severity of selection pressure on pathogens caused by these interventions likely lies somewhere between the extremes of no intervention and thoroughly successful eradication. Identifying the levels of public health responses that facilitate selection for asymptomatic pathogen strains is therefore critical for calibrating disease suppression and surveillance efforts and for sustainably managing emerging infectious diseases.

Communicable and Infectious Diseases, ed. 7, edited by Franklin H. Top, Sr., A.B., M.D., M.P.H., F.A.A.P., F.A.C.P., F.A.P.H.A., and Paul F. Wehrle, B.S., M.D., F.A.A.P., F.A.P.H.A. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1972, 803 pp., $35.00

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
Edward A. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
General Information ◽  
Infectious Disease Control

This new edition of a well-known text begins with approximately 100 pages of general information regarding immunity, epidemiology, preventive measures, and chemotherapy in infectious disease. This section is useful because most of it is succinct and accurate, and gives the reader an overall view of certain important aspects of infectious disease control. The part on chemotherapy is excellent but it is lengthy and detailed, and therefore serves more as a reference than as a chapter one would sit down to read in an evening.

Principles of infectious disease control

2021 ◽  
pp. 597-622
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kim-Farley
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Infectious diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. Lower respiratory infections are the third leading causes of death worldwide and their control is a constant challenge that faces health workers and public health officials in both industrialized and developing countries. This chapter provides a global and comprehensive view of the principles of infectious disease control through examination of the magnitude of disease burden, the chain of infection (agent, transmission, and host) of infectious diseases, the varied approaches to their prevention and control (measures applied to the host, vectors, infected humans, animals, environment, and agents), and the factors conducive to their eradication as well as emergence and re-emergence.

Communicable Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy E. Parmet
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease Control

This chapter explores the key features of American infectious disease law. The history of health law in the United States begins with the colonial laws that responded to the epidemics of smallpox, yellow fever, and other infectious diseases that regularly devastated the North American colonies. In the twentieth century, as the fear of infection declined, courts began to provide greater protections for individuals and vulnerable populations subjected to infectious disease laws. Moreover, the federal government began to play a more prominent and complex role in the control of infectious diseases. The chapter then looks at the allocation of authority between the states and federal government with respect to infectious disease control. It also discusses the role that restraint on individual rights plays in infectious disease control and the limits that the US Constitution and civil rights laws place on such restraints. The chapter also considers some of the specific tools that jurisdictions employ in response to infectious disease. It concludes with a brief discussion of the United States' role in global public health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document