Ring-Expanded (“Fat”) Nucleosides as Broad-Spectrum Anticancer and Antiviral Agents

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1093-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramachandra Hosmane
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antiviral Agents

scholarly journals Novel activities of safe-in-human broad-spectrum antiviral agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ianevski ◽  
Eva Zusinaite ◽  
Suvi Kuivanen ◽  
Mårten Strand ◽  
Hilde Lysvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antiviral Agents

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Host-Based Antivirals Targeting the Interferon and Lipogenesis Pathways as Potential Treatment Options for the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuofeng Yuan ◽  
Chris Chun-Yiu Chan ◽  
Kenn Ka-Heng Chik ◽  
Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang ◽  
Ronghui Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Viral Load Reduction ◽  
Antiviral Activities

The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) signals an urgent need for an expansion in treatment options. In this study, we investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of 22 antiviral agents with known broad-spectrum antiviral activities against coronaviruses and/or other viruses. They were first evaluated in our primary screening in VeroE6 cells and then the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents were further evaluated using viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays. In addition to remdesivir, lopinavir, and chloroquine, our primary screening additionally identified types I and II recombinant interferons, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and AM580 as the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents among the 22 antiviral agents. Betaferon (interferon-β1b) exhibited the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays among the recombinant interferons. The lipogenesis modulators 25-hydroxycholesterol and AM580 exhibited EC50 at low micromolar levels and selectivity indices of >10.0. Combinational use of these host-based antiviral agents with virus-based antivirals to target different processes of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle should be evaluated in animal models and/or clinical trials.

Polyanionic Macromolecular Prodrugs of Ribavirin: Antiviral Agents with a Broad Spectrum of Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey M. Hinton ◽  
Kaja Zuwala ◽  
Celine Deffrasnes ◽  
Shawn Todd ◽  
Shuning Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Macromolecular Prodrugs

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of Nucleic Acid-Based Antiviral Agents Against Avian and Seasonal Influenza Viruses

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. e300
Author(s):  
J.P. Wong ◽  
M.E. Christopher ◽  
L.Q. Sun ◽  
M. Wang ◽  
A.M. Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Influenza Viruses

ChemInform Abstract: Cyclobut-A (I) and Cyclobut-G (II): Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents with Potential Utility for the Therapy of AIDS.

ChemInform ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. NORBECK ◽  
E. KERN ◽  
S. HAYASHI ◽  
W. ROSENBROOK ◽  
H. SHAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Potential Utility

scholarly journals Discovery and Development of Safe-in-Man Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter I. Andersen ◽  
Aleksandr Ianevski ◽  
Hilde Lysvand ◽  
Astra Vitkauskiene ◽  
Valentyn Oksenych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases ◽  
Spectrum Of Indications

Viral diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Broad-spectrum antiviral agents (BSAAs) are key players in control of human viral diseases. Here, we reviewed the discovery and development process of BSAAs, focusing on compounds with available safety profiles in human. In addition, we summarized the information on approved, investigational and experimental safe-in-man BSAAs in freely accessible database at https://drugvirus.info/. The number of approved BSAAs will be increased as well as their spectrum of indications will be expanded pending the results of further pre-clinical and clinical studies. This will ultimately reinforce the arsenal of available antiviral options and provide better protection of general population from emerging and re-emerging viral diseases.

scholarly journals NAD+-consuming enzymes in immune defense against viral infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 478 (23) ◽  
pp. 4071-4092
Author(s):  
Jialin Shang ◽  
Michael R. Smith ◽  
Ananya Anmangandla ◽  
Hening Lin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Antiviral Function

The COVID-19 pandemic reminds us that in spite of the scientific progress in the past century, there is a lack of general antiviral strategies. In analogy to broad-spectrum antibiotics as antibacterial agents, developing broad spectrum antiviral agents would buy us time for the development of vaccines and treatments for future viral infections. In addition to targeting viral factors, a possible strategy is to understand host immune defense mechanisms and develop methods to boost the antiviral immune response. Here we summarize the role of NAD+-consuming enzymes in the immune defense against viral infections, with the hope that a better understanding of this process could help to develop better antiviral therapeutics targeting these enzymes. These NAD+-consuming enzymes include PARPs, sirtuins, CD38, and SARM1. Among these, the antiviral function of PARPs is particularly important and will be a focus of this review. Interestingly, NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes are also implicated in immune responses. In addition, many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 contain a macrodomain-containing protein (NSP3 in SARS-CoV-2), which serves to counteract the antiviral function of host PARPs. Therefore, NAD+ and NAD+-consuming enzymes play crucial roles in immune responses against viral infections and detailed mechanistic understandings in the future will likely facilitate the development of general antiviral strategies.

scholarly journals Broad-spectrum virucidal activity of bacterial secreted lipases against flaviviruses, SARS-CoV-2 and other enveloped viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Yu ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Liangqin Tong ◽  
Nana Zhang ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Virucidal Activity ◽  
Extracellular Milieu

AbstractViruses are the major aetiological agents of acute and chronic severe human diseases that place a tremendous burden on global public health and economy; however, for most viruses, effective prophylactics and therapeutics are lacking, in particular, broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Herein, we identified 2 secreted bacterial lipases from a Chromobacterium bacterium, named Chromobacterium antiviral effector-1 (CbAE-1) and CbAE-2, with a broad-spectrum virucidal activity against dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). The CbAEs potently blocked viral infection in the extracellular milieu through their lipase activity. Mechanistic studies showed that this lipase activity directly disrupted the viral envelope structure, thus inactivating infectivity. A mutation of CbAE-1 in its lipase motif fully abrogated the virucidal ability. Furthermore, CbAE-2 presented low toxicity in vivo and in vitro, highlighting its potential as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug.

Acyclic Adenine Nucleoside Phosphonates in Plasma Determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Naesens ◽  
J Balzarini ◽  
E De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Method

Abstract 9-(2-Phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA), (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA), and (R,S)-9-(3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (FPMPA) are selective antiviral agents with activity against a broad spectrum of DNA viruses and retroviruses. A highly sensitive method has been developed to determine concentrations of these compounds in human plasma. Plasma samples containing PMEA, HPMPA, or FPMPA were treated with chloroacetaldehyde to yield the corresponding highly fluorescent 1,N6-ethenoadenine derivatives. Chromatographic separation combined with excitation at 254 nm and fluorescence detection at 425 nm allowed quantification of PMEA, HPMPA, and FPMPA within a concentration range of 0.25-4000 mumol/L. This method proved useful in accurately determining low PMEA concentrations in sera from PMEA-treated monkeys and cats. The assay should be applicable to the quantification of PMEA, HPMPA, and FPMPA in plasma and urine of humans treated with any of these drugs.

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