Epigenetic Modification in Macrophages: A Promising Target for Tumor and Inflammation-associated Disease Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 1350-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Sun ◽  
Shu-Jing Zhang ◽  
Semenov Maksim ◽  
Yong-Fang Yao ◽  
Hong-Min Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Histone Methylation And Acetylation

Macrophages are essential for supporting tissue homeostasis, regulating immune response, and promoting tumor progression. Due to its heterogeneity, macrophages have different phenotypes and functions in various tissues and diseases. It is becoming clear that epigenetic modification playing an essential role in determining the biological behavior of cells. In particular, changes of DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation regulated by the corresponding epigenetic enzymes, can directly control macrophages differentiation and change their functions under different conditions. In addition, epigenetic enzymes also have become anti-tumor targets, such as HDAC, LSD1, DNMT, and so on. In this review, we presented an overview of the latest progress in the study of macrophages phenotype and function regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, to better understand how epigenetic modification controls macrophages phenotype and function in inflammation-associated diseases, and the application prospect in anti-tumor.

A role for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in DNA methylation

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Zardo ◽  
Anna Reale ◽  
Giovanna De Matteis ◽  
Serena Buontempo ◽  
Paola Caiafa
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Epigenetic Events ◽  
Aberrant Dna Methylation ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Histone Methylation And Acetylation

The aberrant DNA methylation of promoter regions of housekeeping genes leads to gene silencing. Additional epigenetic events, such as histone methylation and acetylation, also play a very important role in the definitive repression of gene expression by DNA methylation. If the aberrant DNA methylation of promoter regions is the starting or the secondary event leading to the gene silencing is still debated. Mechanisms controlling DNA methylation patterns do exist although they have not been ultimately proven. Our data suggest that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation might be part of this control mechanism. Thus an additional epigenetic modification seems to be involved in maintaining tissue and cell-type methylation patterns that when formed during embryo development, have to be rigorously conserved in adult organisms.Key words: DNA methylation, chromatin, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.

scholarly journals Epigenetic: A new approach to etiology of infertility

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-62
Author(s):  
Silvia W. Lestari ◽  
Meidika D. Rizki
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Germinal Cells ◽  
Embryonic Death

Infertility is a complex disease which could be caused by male and female factors. The etiology from both factors needs further study. There are some approaches to understanding the etiology of infertility, one of them is epigenetic. Epigenetic modifications consist of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodelling. Male and female germinal cells undergo epigenetic modifications dynamically during differentiation into matured sperm and oocyte cells. In a male, the alteration of DNA methylation in spermatogenesis will cause oligo/asthenozoospermia. In addition, the histone methylation, acetylation, or other histone modification may lead sperm lose its ability to fertilize oocyte. Similarly, in a female, the alteration of DNA methylation and histone modification affects oogenesis, created aneuploidy in fertilized oocytes and resulted in embryonic death in the uterus. Alteration of these epigenetic modification patterns will cause infertility, both in male and female.

scholarly journals A review of epigenetic changes in asthma: methylation and acetylation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Sheikhpour ◽  
Mobina Maleki ◽  
Maryam Ebrahimi Vargoorani ◽  
Vahid Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
External Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immune Pathways ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Histone Methylation And Acetylation

AbstractSeveral studies show that childhood and adulthood asthma and its symptoms can be modulated through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic changes are inheritable modifications that can modify the gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. The most common epigenetic alternations consist of DNA methylation and histone modifications. How these changes lead to asthmatic phenotype or promote the asthma features, in particular by immune pathways regulation, is an understudied topic. Since external effects, like exposure to tobacco smoke, air pollution, and drugs, influence both asthma development and the epigenome, elucidating the role of epigenetic changes in asthma is of great importance. This review presents available evidence on the epigenetic process that drives asthma genes and pathways, with a particular focus on DNA methylation, histone methylation, and acetylation. We gathered and assessed studies conducted in this field over the past two decades. Our study examined asthma in different aspects and also shed light on the limitations and the important factors involved in the outcomes of the studies. To date, most of the studies in this area have been carried out on DNA methylation. Therefore, the need for diagnostic and therapeutic applications through this molecular process calls for more research on the histone modifications in this disease.

The Adventures of Sonic Hedgehog in Development and Repair. IV. Sonic hedgehog processing, secretion, and function in the stomach

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. G1105-G1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Zavros
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Normal Differentiation ◽  
And Function

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is recognized as one of the main morphogens that regulates cell differentiation during early development of the stomach. In the adult stomach, Shh is expressed and secreted from the acid-producing parietal cells, where it is believed to play an essential role in gastric tissue homeostasis and normal differentiation of the epithelium. The present Themes article focuses on reviewing the literature and controversies surrounding the processing and secretion and the role of Shh in the adult stomach.

scholarly journals Targeting epigenetic mechanisms as an emerging therapeutic strategy in pulmonary hypertension disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. R17-R34
Author(s):  
Malik Bisserier ◽  
Radoslav Janostiak ◽  
Frank Lezoualc’h ◽  
Lahouaria Hadri
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multifactorial cardiopulmonary disease characterized by an elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which can lead to right ventricular (RV) failure, multi-organ dysfunction, and ultimately to premature death. Despite the advances in molecular biology, the mechanisms underlying pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain unclear. Nowadays, there is no curative treatment for treating PH. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel, specific therapeutic targets and to offer more effective treatments against the progression of PH. Increasing amounts of evidence suggest that epigenetic modification may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PAH. In the presented paper, we provide an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms specifically, DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and ncRNAs. As the recent identification of new pharmacological drugs targeting these epigenetic mechanisms has opened new therapeutic avenues, we also discuss the importance of epigenetic-based therapies in the context of PH.

Plant hormones, plant growth regulators

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (26) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Végvári ◽  
Edina Vidéki
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
And Function

Plants seem to be rather defenceless, they are unable to do motion, have no nervous system or immune system unlike animals. Besides this, plants do have hormones, though these substances are produced not in glands. In view of their complexity they lagged behind animals, however, plant organisms show large scale integration in their structure and function. In higher plants, such as in animals, the intercellular communication is fulfilled through chemical messengers. These specific compounds in plants are called phytohormones, or in a wide sense, bioregulators. Even a small quantity of these endogenous organic compounds are able to regulate the operation, growth and development of higher plants, and keep the connection between cells, tissues and synergy beween organs. Since they do not have nervous and immume systems, phytohormones play essential role in plants’ life. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1011–1018.

Examination of the dynamics of global DNA methylation pattern establishment during spermatogenesiss

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Kirsten Niles ◽  
Sophie La Salle ◽  
Christopher Oakes ◽  
Jacquetta Trasler
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Dna Methylation Pattern ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Background: DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification involved in gene expression, genome stability, and genomic imprinting. In the male, methylation patterns are initially erased in primordial germ cells (PGCs) as they enter the gonadal ridge; methylation patterns are then acquired on CpG dinucleotides during gametogenesis. Correct pattern establishment is essential for normal spermatogenesis. To date, the characterization and timing of methylation pattern acquisition in PGCs has been described using a limited number of specific gene loci. This study aimed to describe DNA methylation pattern establishment dynamics during male gametogenesis through global methylation profiling techniques in a mouse model. Methods: Using a chromosome based approach, primers were designed for 24 regions spanning chromosome 9; intergenic, non-repeat, non-CpG island sequences were chosen for study based on previous evidence that these types of sequences are targets for testis-specific methylation events. The percent methylation was determined in each region by quantitative analysis of DNA methylation using real-time PCR (qAMP). The germ cell-specific pattern was determined by comparing methylation between spermatozoa and liver. To examine methylation in developing germ cells, spermatogonia from 2 day- and 6 day-old Oct4-GFP (green fluorescent protein) mice were isolated using fluorescence activated cell sorting. Results: As compared to liver, four loci were hypomethylated and five loci were hypermethylated in spermatozoa, supporting previous results indicating a unique methylation pattern in male germ cells. Only one region was hypomethylated and no regions were hypermethylated in day 6 spermatogonia as compared to mature spermatozoa, signifying that the bulk of DNA methylation is established prior to type A spermatogonia. The methylation in day 2 spermatogonia, germ cells that are just commencing mitosis, revealed differences of 15-20% compared to day 6 spermatogonia at five regions indicating that the most crucial phase of DNA methylation acquisition occurs prenatally. Conclusion: Together, these studies provide further evidence that germ cell methylation patterns differ from those in somatic tissues and suggest that much of methylation at intergenic sites is acquired during prenatal germ cell development. (Supported by CIHR)

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