Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Cinnoline Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Usef Sadek ◽  
Ramadan Ahmed Mekheimer ◽  
Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Arenediazonium Salts ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Bond Formation Reactions

Crinnolines can serve as unique and versatile class of heterocycles especially in fields related to synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry owing to their potent biological activities. They possess diversity of pharmaceutical activities as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic as well as anti-hypertensive activities. Since the first synthesis of cinnoline by Richter (1883) numerous protocols for their synthesis have been developed utilizing arenediazonium salts, aryl hydrazines and arylhydhydrazones precursors. Recently metal catalyzed C-C and C-N bond formation reactions have emerged as efficient tools for synthesis of cinnoline derivatives. This review aims to focus on the recent synthetic routes used for the synthesis of cinnoline derivatives. An effort has been carried out to provide an overview of practical methods for preparing cinnolines. Furthermore the reaction mechanisms have been described in brief.

Recent Developments on Synthesis of Indole Derivatives Through Green Approaches and Their Pharmaceutical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 2665-2693
Author(s):  
Dipayan Mondal ◽  
Pankaj Lal Kalar ◽  
Shivam Kori ◽  
Shovanlal Gayen ◽  
Kalpataru Das
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Green Methodology ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
High Yields

Indole moiety is often found in different classes of pharmaceutically active molecules having various biological activities including anticancer, anti-viral, anti-psychotic, antihypertensive, anti-migraine, anti-arthritis and analgesic activities. Due to enormous applications of indole derivatives in pharmaceutical chemistry, a number of conventional synthetic methods as well as green methodology have been developed for their synthesis. Green methodology has many advantages including high yields, short reaction time, and inexpensive reagents, highly efficient and environmentally benign over conventional methods. Currently, the researchers in academia as well as in pharmaceutical industries have been developing various methods for the chemical synthesis of indole based compounds via green approaches to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods. This review reflects the last ten years developments of the various greener methods for the synthesis of indole derivatives by using microwave, ionic liquids, water, ultrasound, nanocatalyst, green catalyst, multicomponent reaction and solvent-free reactions etc. (please see the scheme below). Furthermore, the applications of green chemistry towards developments of indole containing pharmaceuticals and their biological studies have been represented in this review.

Synthetic Routes for 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 860-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chander P. Kaushik ◽  
Jyoti Sangwan ◽  
Raj Luxmi ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Ashima Pahwa
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Click Reaction ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Triazole Ring ◽  
Copper Catalysts ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
High Yields

N-Heterocyclic compounds like 1,2,3-triazoles serve as a key scaffolds among organic compounds having diverse applications in the field of drug discovery, bioconjugation, material science, liquid crystals, pharmaceutical chemistry and solid phase organic synthesis. Various drugs containing 1,2,3-triazole ring which are commonly available in market includes Rufinamide, Cefatrizine, Tazobactam etc., Stability to acidic/basic hydrolysis along with significant dipole moment support triazole moiety for appreciable participation in hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions with biological targets. Huisgen 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition culminate into a mixture of 1,4 and 1,5- disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. In 2001, Sharpless and Meldal came across with a copper(I) catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by cycloaddition between azides and terminal alkynes. This azide-alkyne cycloaddition has been labelled as a one of the important key click reaction. Click synthesis describes chemical reactions that are simple to perform, gives high selectivity, wide in scope, fast reaction rate and high yields. Click reactions are not single specific reaction, but serve as a pathway for construction of simple to complex molecules from a variety of starting materials. In the last few decades, 1,2,3-triazoles attracted attention of researchers all over the world because of their broad spectrum of biological activities. Keeping in view the biological importance of 1,2,3-triazole, in this review we focus on the various synthetic routes for the syntheisis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This review involves various synthetic protocols which involves copper and non-copper catalysts, different solvents as well as substrates. It will boost synthetic chemists to explore new pathway for the development of newer biologically active 1,2,3-triazoles.

Recent Developments in C–C Bond Formation Using Catalytic Reductive Coupling Strategies

Synthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (18) ◽  
pp. 2623-2638
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Sieber ◽  
Toolika Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Bond Formation ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Reductive Coupling ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Molecular Complexity ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Coupling Processes ◽  
Coupling Strategies

Metal-catalyzed reductive coupling processes have emerged as a powerful methodology for the introduction of molecular complexity from simple starting materials. These methods allow for an orthogonal approach to that of redox-neutral strategies for the formation of C–C bonds by enabling cross-coupling of starting materials not applicable to redox-neutral chemistry. This short review summarizes the most recent developments in the area of metal-catalyzed reductive coupling utilizing catalyst turnover by a stoichiometric reductant that becomes incorporated in the final product.1 Introduction2 Ni Catalysis3 Cu Catalysis4 Ru, Rh, and Ir Catalysis4.1 Alkenes4.2 1,3-Dienes4.3 Allenes4.4 Alkynes4.5 Enynes5 Fe, Co, and Mn Catalysis6 Conclusion and Outlook

Atom economical synthesis of oxindoles by metal-catalyzed intramolecular C–C bond formation under solvent-free and aerobic conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 3306-3309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se In Son ◽  
Won Koo Lee ◽  
Jieun Choi ◽  
Hyun-Joon Ha
Keyword(s):  
Bond Formation ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Bond Formation Reactions

Diversely substituted oxindoles were obtained from atom economical direct C–C bond formation reactions of various substituted anilides and pyridinylamides with metal salts and oxides.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Activities of Pyrazino[1,2-a]indole and Pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-1-one Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Kena Zhang ◽  
Christine Tran ◽  
Mouad Alami ◽  
Abdallah Hamze ◽  
Olivier Provot
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cyclization Reactions ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Michael Reactions ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

This review concerns the synthesis and biological activities of pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles and pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-1-ones reported since 1997 and the discovery of biological activity of pyrazinoindole derivatives. In the first part, we first presented the synthetic routes that have been reported from a methodological point of view to access the pyrazinoindole unit according to cyclization reactions using or not using metal catalysts. Then, syntheses and neuropsychiatric, auto-immune, anti-infectious and anti-cancer properties of pyrazinoindoles were detailed. In the second part, we first reported the main accesses to pyrazinoindol-1-one substrates according to Michael reactions, metal-catalyzed and metal-free cyclization reactions. The syntheses and anti-cancer, anti-infectious, anti-allergenic and neuropsychiatric properties of pyrazinoindolones were next described and discussed.

A Review on Recent Developments in the Anticancer Potential of Oleanolic acid and its analogs (2017-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoid ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

: Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid class of natural product known to possess a broad range of biological activities, specifically, anticancer. Considering the anticancer potential of OA, a large number of analogs have been prepared by several researchers through modifications at C-3, C-12 and C-28 –COOH to develop the potent anticancer agents with improved cytotoxicity and pharmaceutical properties. Some of the synthesized derivatives have been assessed in clinical trials also. This review summarizes the most recent synthetic and biological efforts in the development of oleanolic acid and its analogs during the period 2017-2020. Reports published during this period revealed that both OA and its analogs possess a remarkable potential for the development of effective anticancer agents along with several others such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial and anti-diabetic agents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document