Evaluation of the Relationship between Perirenal Fat Volume and Nephrolithiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Tastemur ◽  
Samet Senel ◽  
Esin Olcucuoglu ◽  
Emre Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fat Volume ◽  
Perirenal Fat

Objective: To examine the relation between perirenal fat volume, which is one of the visceral fat measurements, and kidney stones. Method: 169 patients admitted to our clinic between January 2018 and May 2021 were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups as Control Group and Unilateral Kidney Stone Group (88 patients with unilateral kidney stones). Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography scans were used to measure perirenal fat volume and the results were transferred to workstations. The total perirenal fat volumes in the bilateral kidneys of patients were compared between the two groups. The perirenal fat volume in stone-bearing and non-stone bearing kidneys of patients were also compared. Results: The total perirenal fat volume was higher in the Unilateral Kidney Stone Group than in the other groups and the perirenal fat volume of the patients in this group was higher in the stone bearing kidney (295.6±164.4cm3) than in the non-stone bearing kidney (273.1±179.6cm3). In the ROC analysis, it was concluded that total perirenal fat volume>387cm3 increased the risk of kidney stones. Presence of hypertension, presence of hyperlipidemia and total perirenal fat volume>387cm3 were found to be independent risk factors for the presence of kidney stones. Conclusion: Perirenal fat volume is higher in stone bearing kidneys compared to non-stone bearing kidneys. Therefore, stone formation in a kidney is directly related to the perirenal fat volume of that kidney. Also, total perirenal fat volume>387cm3 increases the risk of kidney stones independently of body mass index, and predicts it better.

scholarly journals Establishment of a male Wistar rat model of nanobacteriainduced kidney stones

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1068
Author(s):  
Biao Qian ◽  
Gaurab Pokhrel ◽  
Qinzhang Wang ◽  
Jihong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caudal Vein

Purpose: To establish a male Wistar rat model of nanobacteria (NB)-induced kidney stones. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (NC group) given caudal vein injection of saline + saline gavage, and NB-induced stone group (NBS group) given caudal vein injection of NB + saline gavage. Results: Compared with NC, serum creatinine, blood uric acid, urea nitrogen and urinary calcium levels in NBS group increased between weeks 3 and 8 (p < 0.05). Kidney index (kidney weight/body weight ratio) in the NBS group was higher than that in NC group from weeks 8-10. At week 8, urine pH and serum phosphorus in NBS group were higher than those in NC group (p < 0.05). Between weeks 6 and 7, serum calcium in NBS group was higher than that in NC group (p < 0.05). Calcium crystals in NBS rats were distributed mostly in the distal and proximal convoluted tubules. However, no such crystals were observed in NC rats. Similarly, no such pathological changes were seen in the renal tissue of NC group. Calculus analysis showed that stone formation was higher in NBS group than in NC group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in micro-CT between the two groups (p ˃ 0.05). Conclusion: The successful establishment of the Wistar rat kidney stone model using NB cultured from urine of upper urinary tract stone patient is potentially useful for further etiological studies on kidney stone formation.

scholarly journals Do dental calculi predict the presence of renal stones?

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Kati ◽  
Ergin Kalkan ◽  
Eyyup Sabri Pelit ◽  
Ismail Yagmur ◽  
Halil Çiftçi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dental Calculus ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Pathological calcifications that occur in various parts of the body may cause stone formation over time. The structure of these stones is similar in many regions of the body. We have studied the relationship between dental calculi and kidney stones. Material and methods: A total of 183 patients with dental stone complaints or dental calculi were included between April and August 2016 in the Cagri Dental Hospital, Elazig, Turkey. Patients were evaluated with regard to a urinary tract ultrasonography, urinalysis, oral hygiene, and stone and surgical disease history. All information was statistically investigated. Results: The age of the patients in the kidney stones group was significantly higher than the non-kidney stone patients (p < 0.05). In the group with kidney stones, the percentage of dental calculus formation was significantly higher than the group without stones (p < 0.05). In the groups with and without kidney stones, dental stone recurrence rates did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Urinary pH was significantly lower in the group with stones than the group without stones (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During a physical examination, the formation of a visible stone, such as a dental calculus, may be an indicator of other types of stones, such as kidney stones, and this should be further investigated.

scholarly journals What is the relationship of stress to patients' kidney stone-related quality of life?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Lundeen ◽  
Jonathan R.Z. Lim ◽  
Kymora B. Scotland ◽  
Reza Safaee Ardekani ◽  
Kristina L. Penniston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
General Stress ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is decreased in patients with kidney stones at all stages of stone disease, even when asymptomatic. Stress is thought to contribute to HRQOL, although there has been minimal investigation into the effect of stress on stone-related quality of life (QOL). We used the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Questionnaire (WISQOL) to assess the relationship of stress to stone-related QOL in kidney stone patients. Methods: As part of the WISQOL Research Consortium, patients were approached in outpatient clinics and completed the WISQOL and the Perceived Stress Scale 10-item questionnaire (PSS-10). Patients with stones at enrollment were divided into those with symptoms and those without, while patients with no current stones formed another group. Questionnaire scores from each group were compared statistically and correlations between the groups were calculated. Results: Patients (n=704) were enrolled from six centers. The WISQOL successfully discriminated between patients with current stones and those without (p<0.0001), while the PSS-10 did not (p=0.0869). The PSS-10 revealed patients with symptomatic kidney stones experienced higher levels of general stress than asymptomatic subjects (p<0.0001). However, a Pearson correlation test comparing the responses from each instrument revealed no overall correlation between general stress and HRQOL (r=0.05). Conclusions: Symptomatic kidney stones increase general stress, as these patients demonstrate higher PSS-10 scores. Despite this, no correlation exists between general stress and stone-related QOL in patients with stone disease regardless of their stone and symptom status. This implies the existence of other factors impacting QOL in these patients, which warrants further exploration.

scholarly journals Temporal Effects of Quercetin on Tight Junction Barrier Properties and Claudin Expression and Localization in MDCK II Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamero-Estevez ◽  
Andonian ◽  
Jean-Claude ◽  
Gupta ◽  
Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Flavonoid Quercetin ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation ◽  
Junction Proteins

: Kidney stones affect 10% of the population. Yet, there is relatively little known about how they form or how to prevent and treat them. The claudin family of tight junction proteins has been linked to the formation of kidney stones. The flavonoid quercetin has been shown to prevent kidney stone formation and to modify claudin expression in different models. Here we investigate the effect of quercetin on claudin expression and localization in MDCK II cells, a cation-selective cell line, derived from the proximal tubule. For this study, we focused our analyses on claudin family members that confer different tight junction properties: barrier-sealing (Cldn1, -3, and -7), cation-selective (Cldn2) or anion-selective (Cldn4). Our data revealed that quercetin’s effects on the expression and localization of different claudins over time corresponded with changes in transepithelial resistance, which was measured continuously throughout the treatment. In addition, these effects appear to be independent of PI3K/AKT signaling, one of the pathways that is known to act downstream of quercetin. In conclusion, our data suggest that quercetin’s effects on claudins result in a tighter epithelial barrier, which may reduce the reabsorption of sodium, calcium and water, thereby preventing the formation of a kidney stone.

Demographic Study of Water Hardness with Potential to Predict Formation of Renal Crystals

2012 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeptiman Chatterjee ◽  
Vishaka Verma ◽  
Amiti ◽  
Sheija Rohil ◽  
Narayanasamy Arunai Nambi Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

Kidney stones or renal calculi or Nephrolithiasis is a common health problem in both developed and developing nations [1,2]. Analysis of the chemical and physical properties of renal calculi helps in preventing their formation and treatment. In this study, we evaluated the hardness of water used for drinking purposes, in an attempt to correlate water hardness with an increased incidence of stone formation. Identifying risk factors help to develop a preventive strategy to reduce the risk of renal calculi formation. The incidence of kidney stone formation in Vellore district was correlated with the hardness of water samples taken from different areas in Vellore. The study can be employed at a larger demographic level for effective and economic monitoring of the risk of kidney stone formation.

scholarly journals Risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with kidney stones—A nationwide cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzung-Fang Chuang ◽  
Hung-Chang Hung ◽  
Shu-Fen Li ◽  
Mei-Wen Li ◽  
Chin-Tun Hung
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Stone Formers

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney stones are common in Taiwan; in particular, CKD has a high prevalence but low self-awareness rate. CKD-related risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drugs are well-known and uncontested; however, kidney stones are relatively less studied and easily overlooked as a risk factor. The objective of this study was to investigate whether kidney stones are a risk factor for CKD.Methods We conducted a nationwide population-based matched cohort study to assess the risk of incident CKD in people with kidney stones. Data on incident stones formers in the year 2001—excluding those with a history of CKD—were obtained from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance database. Stone formers were matched (1:4) to control subjects according to sex, age, and index date. The total observation period of the study was 10 years, and the primary end-point was the occurrence of CKD. Student’s t-test and Chi-squared test were used to compare continuous and categorical data, respectively. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio of kidney stone patients with incident CKD relative to the control group. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to obtain the hazards ratio for development of incident CKD among patients with kidney stones.Results The incidence of CKD in the kidney stone cohort was 11.2%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < .001). Survival analysis showed that the stones cohort was 1.82 times more likely to experience CKD than the controls. Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia increased the risk of CKD incidence (1.04, 1.27, 1.55, 3.31, and 1.25 times, respectively).Conclusion Kidney stones are a definite risk factor for CKD; therefore, patients with stones are suggested to undergo regular renal function monitoring and receive appropriate treatment to avoid CKD.

scholarly journals Effect of Drinking Water Hardness on Kidney Stones Formation in Ranya District

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akram O. Esmail ◽  
Bahast A. Qadir ◽  
Hawnaz Q. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

This study was conducted in Rania District, Raparin University, during September 2018–March 2019, to test the relation between water hardness and kidney stone formation. The investigation depended on questionnaire form which was distributed on 100 person in Raparin (Rania, Hajiawa, and Chwarqurna) and patients whom vested the Rania clinical during December 1, 2018–January 22, 2019 which were 238 patients and only 20 of them had kidney stones developing which represent 8.4% of the total kidney diseases. The results indicated to significant effect of gender at level of significant 5% on kidney stones formation, 10% of male, and 18% of female having kidney stones. The results of Chi-square test indicated to highly significant effect of age on kidney stone formation at level of significant (0.001). The kidney stone formation increased from 19.23% to 75% with an increase in age class from (14–34) to (54 or more) year. The negative correlation coefficient value of (r = −0.63*) was recorded between water hardness and stone risk index due to the high magnesium content of drinking water in the studied area.

scholarly journals P0175DETERMINANTS OF RENAL PAPILLARY APPEARANCE IN RENAL STONE FORMERS: AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bargagli ◽  
Rossella De Leonardis ◽  
Mauro Ragonese ◽  
Angelo Totaro ◽  
Francesco Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Stone Recurrence ◽  
Stone Formers

Abstract Background and Aims Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by high prevalence among the general population both in Europe and in the U.S. and it is responsible for high costs reaching up to $10 billion per year. It is associated with specific comorbidities such as obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Kidney stones development is believed to start either from Randall’s plaques or from stone plugs. Both these lesions can be seen on renal papillary surfaces, but what promotes the formation of plaques and plugs is not entirely understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the urinary metabolic milieu and a published endoscopic papillary evaluation score (PPLA). We also evaluated the correlation of PPLA score with kidney stone recurrence during follow-up. Method We prospectively enrolled 31 stone forming patients who undergone retrograde intrarenal surgery procedures. Visual inspection of the accessible renal papillae was performed in order to calculate the PPLA score based on the appearance of ductal plugging, surface pitting, loss of papillary contour and Randall’s plaque extension. Demographic information, blood samples, 24h urine collections and kidney stone events during follow-up were collected. Stone composition was analyzed using infrared-spectroscopy. Relative urinary supersaturations (RSS) for calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaPi) and uric acid (UA) were calculated using the Equil2 software. PPLA score &gt; 3 was defined as high. Results Median follow-up period was 11 (min/max 5, 34) months. PPLA score was inversely correlated with BMI (rho = −0.39, p = 0.035) and history of recurrent kidney stones (median PPLA 5.0 vs 2.5, p = 0.029), these results were confirmed when PPLA was considered as a categorical variable (median BMI 27 vs 24, recurrent stone disease 12 vs 62%, p= 0.006). Furthermore, high PPLA score was associated with lower odds of new kidney stone events during follow-up (OR 0.154, 95% confidence interval 0.024, 0.998, p = 0.05). No significant correlations were found between PPLA score, stone composition, blood parameters, 24h urine solute excretions and RSS for CaOx, CaPi and UA. Conclusion Different papillary abnormalities seem to be linked to specific mechanisms of stone formation. Although data regarding PPLA score are inconsistent, it may be a valid asset for both medical and surgical management of nephrolithiasis. Larger, long-term prospective clinical studies need to be conducted to assess the validity of PPLA score system in evaluating risk of stone recurrence.

The relationship between the stone-free status after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment in different patient and kidney stone characteristics: A single center experience in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 205141582110106
Author(s):  
Atif Katib ◽  
Osama Al-Wafi ◽  
Basem Dakkak ◽  
Abdallah Bawa ◽  
Mansur Basheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Stone Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stone Density ◽  
Free Status

Purpose: The objective was to unveil the relationship between different relevant patient and kidney stone characteristics and the stone-free status post extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment. Materials and methods: Kidney stones cases referred for ESWL from October 2019 to January 2020 were collected. A total of 225 adult patients who met the criteria of being new cases of single radio-opaque kidney stones measuring 5 to 20 mm were included. We were looking for disintegrated stones down to 4 mm or less as a marker for stone-free (SF) status. The studied parameters were gender, laterality (right or left kidney), location of the stone within the kidney, stone’s density measured in Hounsfield units (HU), stone’s size, and stone-to-skin distance (SSD). Results: Out of the 225 cases treated, only 175 (77.8%) became SF after or during the study timeframe. SF status was achieved after the first session in 131 cases (58.2%). The bivariate analysis of the factors associated with higher SF rates found to be statistically significant were left kidney ( p-value of < 0.01), low stone density ( p-value of < 0.01), short stone–skin distance ( p-value of < 0.01), and small stone size ( p-value of < 0.01). On the other hand, gender and stone location within the kidney showed no association with ESWL outcomes. Conclusion: Kidney laterality, SSD, stone density, and size are influencing parameters on ESWL outcomes and achievement of stone-free status.

scholarly journals Total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, thiol group and catalase activity in patients with kidney stone

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Rostampour ◽  
Hadi Ghasemi ◽  
Seyyd Habibollah Mousavi-bahar ◽  
Akram Ranjbar ◽  
Tavakol Heidary Shayesteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Tubular Cells ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Background: Urinary tract stones are one of the most common causes of kidney disease. There is evidence for the possible involvement of oxidative stress in the formation of kidney stones and renal cell injury. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum thiol group, ceruloplasmin (CP) levels and catalase (CAT) activity in the serum of the patients with kidney stones. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a case-control study. A total of 31 patients (16 males and 15 females) with kidney stone(s) and a comparative normal control group including 21 (12 males and 9 females) healthy subjects were included. Results: The present study revealed that TAC level was significantly higher in the control group (P=0.004), and the mean thiol group was remarkably decreased in the patient group (P<0.001). Moreover, CAT activity decreased in the patients but it was not significant (P=0.23). On the other hand, the findings showed that the serum CP level significantly increased in the patient group (P<0.001). MDA level also increased in the patient group, although this increment was not significant (P=0.87). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the reduction of antioxidant indices in the patients with kidney stones can damage the renal tubular cells and strengthen the accumulation of crystals and the formation of kidney stones.

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