scholarly journals A Rapid Bioassay to Evaluate Efficacy of Hypovirulent Binucleate Rhizoctonia in Reducing Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
A. Muslim ◽  
Mitsuro Hyakumachi ◽  
Koji Kageyama ◽  
Suwandi Suwandi ◽  
Rahmat Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Polycarbonate Membrane ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Rapid Bioassay ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Background: Fusarium Oxysporum f.sp. Radicis-Lycopersici (FORL) caused Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of tomato (FCRR), it’s a serious constraint on tomato production and contributing to yield losses. Aims/Method: Using a rapid bioassay, Hypovirulent Binucleate Rhizoctonia (HBNR) was tested for their ability to reduce Fusarium Crown and Root Rot (FCRR) of tomato, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL). Roots of tomato seedlings growing on 2% water agar in plastic boxes were inoculated with living or dead mycelial disks of HBNR. After 24 h, the pathogen was applied at 0, 3, 6, and 9 cm away from the position of the HBNR. Results: When living HBNR was used, the treatments provided significant protection to tomato seedlings from FCRR infection at all distances tested. Tomato plants pre-inoculated with living HBNR at different times (12 h and 24 h before inoculation with the pathogen) and challenged with FORL showed significant reduction of FCRR lesion development. A significant reduction was still observed even when HBNR was inoculated simultaneously with or 12 h after inoculation of a pathogen. Seedlings treated with dead HBNR and culture filtrates also showed significantly reduced FCRR lesion development. When living HBNR were enveloped by a polycarbonate membrane filter, a significant reduction of FCRR lesion development was still observed. Conclusion: In all experiments, reduction of FCRR lesion development in seedlings treated with HBNR tended to decrease with longer distance from the inoculation point of FORL and HBNR. We developed a simple, rapid, and miniaturized bioassay for evaluating the efficacy of HBNR against FORL. The bioassays require only 12 - 18 days, which is at least 12 days less than the soil system employed by previous researchers.

Control of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Tomato, Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, by Grafting onto Resistant Rootstocks

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hibar ◽  
Mejda Daami-Remadi . ◽  
Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiare . ◽  
Mohamed El Mahjoub .
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Grafting Onto

scholarly journals Role of the Shrub Tamarix nilotica in Dissemination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rekah ◽  
D. Shtienberg ◽  
J. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tomato Field ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Pathogen Populations

The saltcedar shrub Tamarix nilotica grows as a weed in the Arava region of Israel. This weed is commonly found in cultivated fields naturally infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, the causal agent of tomato crown and root rot. Young bushes, 20 to 40 cm tall, were randomly uprooted from different fields. The roots were cut into segments which were placed on Fusarium-selective medium. Although the plants did not show any symptoms of disease, the roots of the shrub were colonized by the pathogen. The incidence of infected saltcedar plants and level of root colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici decreased with increasing distance of the sampling location from a tomato field infected with crown and root rot. F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was also isolated from chaff of inflorescence samples taken from mature T. nilotica shrubs. Identity of the pathogen isolates obtained from T. nilotica roots and chaff samples was verified by pathogenicity and vegetative compatibility tests. Roots of T. nilotica plants sown under greenhouse conditions in soil naturally infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici became colonized by the pathogen. Uprooting and removing saltcedar plants throughout the season from fields not cultivated with tomatoes lowered the inoculum density of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in the soil from 611 to 6 and from 176 to 10 CFU/g of soil in the 1998-99 and 1999-2000 growing seasons, respectively. These results demonstrate that T. nilotica may contribute to the buildup of the pathogen populations in the absence of a susceptible host. Colonization of saltcedar by F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is an additional mechanism for survival of this pathogen in the fields and for dissemination through the spread of infested seed or chaff of T. nilotica.

scholarly journals Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Radicis-Lycopersici – the Cause of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato Cultivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Szczechura ◽  
Mirosława Staniaszek ◽  
Hanna Habdas
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Abstract Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) leading to fusarium crown and root rot is one of the most destructive soilborne diseases of tomatoes occurring in greenhouse and field crops. Physiological races of FORL were not defined but nine vegetative compatibility groups (VGCs) were identified. Infection followed by wounds and natural holes and infection is not systemic. The optimum soil temperature for pathogen development is 18°C. Infection may cause plants to wilt and die completely or infection may lower fruit quality. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici has the ability to produce a specific enzyme, tomatinase, which breaks down α-tomatine and protects the pathogen. In contrast tomato also has a defence system which consists of the enzymes chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase. Tomato resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is determined by a single dominant gene Frl, localized on the long arm of chromosome 9. It was introduced to cultivars from Licopersicum peruvianum (L.) Mill.

scholarly journals Organic amendments conditions on the control of Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus caused by three Fusarium spp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e1009
Author(s):  
Ana I. Borrego-Benjumea ◽  
José M. Melero-Vara ◽  
María J. Basallote-Ureba
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Lower Severity ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Olive Residue

<p><em></em><em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> (<em>Fo</em>), <em>F. proliferatum</em> (<em>Fp</em>) and <em>F. solani</em> (<em>Fs</em>) are causal agents associated with roots of asparagus affected by crown and root rot, a disease inflicting serious losses worldwide. The propagule viability of <em>Fusarium</em> spp. was determined on substrate artificially infested with <em>Fo</em>5<em>, Fp</em>3<em> </em>or <em>Fs</em>2 isolates,<em> </em>amended with either poultry manure (PM), its pellet (PPM), or olive residue compost (ORC) and, thereafter, incubated at 30 or 35°C for different periods. Inoculum viability was significantly affected by these organic amendments (OAs) in combination with temperature and incubation period. The greatest reduction in viability of <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs</em>2 occurred with PPM and loss of viability achieved was higher at 35°C than at 30ºC, and longer incubation period (45 days). However, the viability of <em>Fp</em>3 did not decrease greatly in most of the treatments, as compared to the infested and un-amended control, when incubated at 30ºC. After incubation, seedlings of asparagus `Grande´ were transplanted into pots containing substrates infested with the different species of <em>Fusarium</em>. After three months in greenhouse, symptoms severity in roots showed highly significant decreases, but <em>Fp</em>3 caused lower severity than <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs</em>2. Severity reduction was particularly high at 30ºC (by 15 days incubation for <em>Fs</em>2 and by 30-45 days for <em>Fo</em>5), after PPM treatment, as well as PM-2% for <em>Fo</em>5<em> </em>and <em>Fs</em>2 incubated during 30 and 45 days at both temperatures, and with ORC (15-30 days incubation). Moreover, assessment of plants fresh weight showed significantly high increases in <em>Fo</em>5 and <em>Fs2</em>, with some rates of the three OAs tested, depending on incubation period and temperature.<br /><strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicus-lycopersici, Causal Organism of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato from Lycopersicon pennellii LA 1277

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 449D-449
Author(s):  
J.W. Scott ◽  
J.P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Lycopersicon pennellii accession LA 1277 was crossed to tomato (L. esculentum) and the F1 was backcrossed to tomato. Self-pollinated seed was saved from backcross plants and seedlings derived were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. radicus-lycopersici Jarvis and Shoemaker, the causal agent of Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR). Seed was saved from resistant plants that were self-pollinated and screened until homozygous resistance was verified five generations after the backcross. Three homozygous lines were crossed to Fla. 7547, a tomato breeding line susceptible to FCRR but resistant to Fusarium wilt races 1, 2, and 3. Subsequently, backcrosses were made to each parent and F2 seed were obtained. The three homozygous FCRR-resistant lines were also crossed to Ohio 89-1, which has a dominant gene for FCRR resistance presently being used in breeding programs. F2 seed were obtained from these crosses. These generations were inoculated with the FCRR pathogen. The resistant parents, F1, and backcross to the resistant parents were all healthy. The backcross to the susceptible parent and the F2 segregated healthy to susceptible plants in 1:1 and 3:1 ratios, respectively. Thus, the resistance from LA 1277 was inherited as a single dominant gene. This gene was different than the gene from Ohio 89-1 because susceptible segregants were detected in the F2 generation derived from the two resistant sources.

scholarly journals Control of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Tomato with Hypovirulent Binucleate Rhizoctonia in Soil and Rock Wool Systems

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muslim ◽  
H. Horinouchi ◽  
M. Hyakumachi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Binucleate Rhizoctonia ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Vascular Discoloration ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Hypovirulent Binucleate Rhizoctonia ◽  
Rock Wool

Hypovirulent binucleate Rhizoctonia (HBNR) isolates L2, W1, W7, and Rhv7 were studied as potential antagonists of Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato (FCRR) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, in either soil or hydroponic rock wool systems. Reduction of FCRR on tomato by HBNR isolates was different depending on the isolate, days after inoculation of pathogen, and experiments. In the greenhouse soil system, HBNR isolates significantly (P = 0.01) reduced vascular discoloration and discoloration of total roots systems by 90 to 100% and by 73 to 89%, respectively, in three experiments. Under field soil conditions, HBNR W1 provided significant (P = 0.05) reduction of vascular discoloration by 71%. In the rock wool system, all HBNR isolates except L2 in experiment 1 significantly reduced (P = 0.05) vascular discoloration by 18 to 100% in four experiments. Plants treated with all HBNR isolates had foliar symptoms reduced by 41 to 100% in four experiments under the rock wool system. Application of HBNR also resulted in increases of marketable and total yields of tomatoes as much as 70 and 73%, respectively, over the untreated plants. The number of colony forming units of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici per gram fresh weight of roots and stems was significantly reduced (P = 0.05) in plants treated with HBNR in both soil and rock wool systems. HBNR was re-isolated at a high frequency from roots grown inside paper pots containing soil infested with HBNR, but rarely isolated from the roots grown in soil infested with only F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici outside the paper pots. HBNR was not re-isolated from the tomato stems. Stem extracts from HBNR-treated and pathogen-challenged plants in the rock wool system inhibited germination and production of budding cells of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici.

scholarly journals Screening Tomato Seedlings for Multiple Disease Resistance

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Alan Erb ◽  
Randall C. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Multiple Disease Resistance ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Time Required

Two procedures for screening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings for resistance to three pathogens were developed. In one scheme, seeds were sprayed with a spore suspension of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker (fusarium crown and root rot). Resistant seedlings were root-dipped 2.5 weeks later in a spore suspension of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. (verticillium wilt), and 1 week following the root dip, leaves were rubbed with tobacco mosaic virus. In the other scheme, 2-week-old seedlings were dipped in a spore suspension of F. oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. & Hans. races 1 and 2 (fusarium wilt). Resistant seedlings were root-drenched 1.5 weeks later with a suspension of Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid & White (rootknot nematode), and 1 week following, the leaves were rubbed with tobacco mosaic virus. These procedures were effective for disease screening, and their use should reduce the time required for development of two multiple disease-resistant populations. Inbreds from each population could be crossed to produce hybrids resistant to five pathogens.

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