scholarly journals Dual Pathogenesis of Primary and Recurrent Pterygium: Immunohistochemical Proof

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Doaa Ghorab ◽  
Ahmed Helaly ◽  
Amani E. Badawi
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secondary Conditions ◽  
Topoisomerase 1 ◽  
Dual Pathology ◽  
Immunohistochemistry Staining ◽  
Recurrent Pterygium ◽  
Primary Pterygium

Introduction: Pterygium is a common ophthalmic problem in the Middle East where exposures to dust and sun rays are risk factors. The condition is more prevalent in middle-aged males and can be considered as an aging process. The aim of this study is to test both the degenerative and the proliferative components of Pterygium by both reduced glutathione and topoisomerase one activity. Methods: The study applied immunohistochemistry staining for both reduced glutathione and topoisomerase 1. Results: The samples expressed positive glutathione staining in most primary Pterygium conditions and all secondary Pterygium. On the other hand, the topoisomerase 1 immunohistochemistry expressed focal activity in secondary conditions suggesting a progenitor cell role in the pathogenesis of Pterygium in conjunction with oxidative stress. Conclusion: Pterygium represents dual pathology with a proliferative component and a degenerative one that needs further studies. It is possible to use combination immunohistochemistry markers to predict the prognosis of Pterygium behavior.

scholarly journals Age-associated inflammation alters the aging trajectory

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Grace Teskey ◽  
Cedoljub Bundalovic-Torma ◽  
Dawn Bowdish
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Jonathan Swift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Cognitively Intact

Jonathan Swift said, ‘Every man desires to live long, but no man wishes to be old’. Most of us have ambivalent feelings about aging. We may want a long life, but those extra years hold less appeal if we are too ill to enjoy them. At one extreme of the aging trajectory are those who become frail, immobile and dependent in their 5th or 6th decade. At the other extreme are those who live to 100 or beyond remaining cognitively intact, active and engaged in their communities. We wonder what causes underlie this diversity in the aging process? Why do some of us age well and others poorly? The immune system plays a central role in health in our later years.

scholarly journals The work market awake for aged people

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Ana Maya Goto Uyehara
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Life Projects

At the end of XX century, the old age theme has been approached due to concern of the society with the quality of man’s life in the aging process and the fact of seniors correspond to a growing representative portion of the population in the quantitative point of view. So the aging changes in a problem that wins expressiveness and legitimacy in the field of the daily current concerns. This article intends to demonstrate that the work can articulate other life projects for the seniors and to avoid psychic pathologies in the old age that can appear due to the loss of personal identity, to the involvement lack in motivated activities or starting from the adoption of inadequate consumption ways or lifestyles. For this, this article assumes a line of preventive character explanation under two slopes: the first refers to the fact that, if the work ennobles the man, he must acquire or improve this individual competences, adapting them to the new demands of the job market to get a job, or even to reactivate his professional life because new life projects. The second slope follows the direction of the discovery of the seniors’ potentialities for the companies, which can adapt the qualities [and limitations] of this workers category to the various functions in the organization. The Brazilian entrepreneur needs to be attentive to the image of his company and the differential competitive that can distinguish it of the other companies. And this can be to employee senior people or to maintenance it in the company personnel staff.

Pathogenesis, Pathology and Genetics of Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferhat Ege
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Joint Tissue ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Biomechanical Factors ◽  
Shed Light

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition with high prevalence worldwide. OA affects not only the articular cartilage, but the entire joint, including the subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovial membrane and the periarticular muscles. Despite the fact that the risks associated with OA increase with age, it is not a part of the natural aging process. It typically involves the knee, hip, spine, hand and foot joints. Several factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA, including biomechanical factors, proinflammatory mediators and proteases. On the other hand, it was mostly the results of the studies conducted on the genetic, genomic and epigenetic aspects of OA, from among many of its underlying etiological factors, which shed light on the molecular processes involved in the etiopathogenesis of OA. As the mechanisms that cause joint tissue damage in OA come to light, the treatment of OA will go beyond just providing symptomatic relief. Consequentially, new treatments will emerge that will either slow or completely stop the progression of OA.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Rubber Tear

1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Bascom
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Zone ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Carbon Filler ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Initial Appearance

Abstract A relatively simple technique has been described which allows observation of the deformation zone at tear tips in rubber specimens. Investigation of various rubbers revealed qualitative information about the type of yielding that occurs in the deformation zone under different conditions. The initial appearance of the tear tip in nitrile, polybutadiene (both with and without carbon filler), and natural rubber suggests a process of stretching followed by rupture and then relaxation onto the tear walls. Only in the case of a fluoro-elastomer was there evidence of cavitation, although microcavitation (of sizes ≪1 µm) may be occurring in the other rubbers at much higher magnification. On the other hand, aging in laboratory air had the dramatic effect of producing fibrous and nodular networks in the tear tip material of all the rubbers except the fluoroelastomer. In the first few hours, the network structure developed as cavities (Figure 9), but after 24 h the network was fully developed across the tear. The aging process is very likely an ozone attack not only on the rubber under stress at the tear tip, but also on the rubber on the tear wall. It is quite possible that there were residual stresses in the material on the wall which facilitated attack. Chain scission appeared to be allowing the rubber to relax by viscous flow under the action of surface forces. These results point up the need to distinguish between failure controlled by pure stress and failure assisted by oxidation/ozonolysis in studies of slow tear growth in rubbers. The SEM technique also provides information about fillers. Their elemental composition can be determined by XES, and some qualitative information can be gained about their adhesion to the matrix and their effect on tear tip yielding.

scholarly journals Effects of Myosmine on Antioxidative Defence in Rat Liver

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumyana Simeonova ◽  
Vessela Vitcheva ◽  
Galina Gorneva ◽  
Mitka Mitcheva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antioxidative Defence ◽  
Glutathione Reductase Activity

Effects of Myosmine on Antioxidative Defence in Rat LiverMyosmine [3-(1-pyrrolin-2-yl) pyridine] is an alkaloid structurally similar to nicotine, which is known to induce oxidative stress. In this study we investigated the effects of myosmine on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defence in rat liver. Wistar rats received a single i.p. injection of 19 mg kg-1 of myosmine and an oral dose of 190 mg kg-1 by gavage. Nicotine was used as a positive control. Through either route of administration, myosmine altered the hepatic function by decreasing the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities on one hand and by increasing malondialdehyde, catalase, and glutathione reductase activity on the other. Compared to control, both routes caused significant lipid peroxidation in the liver and altered hepatic enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defences. The pro-oxidant effects of myosmine were comparable with those of nicotine.

SHP-2 Knockdown Results in Profound Inhibition of Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Survival, Proliferation and Differentiation in Response to Growth Factor Stimulation

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3859-3859
Author(s):  
Li ang Li ◽  
Tinisha McDonald ◽  
Hardik Modi ◽  
Arjun Sehgal ◽  
Ravi Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Human Cd34 ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Cells Cultured

Abstract SHP-2 (ptpn11), a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase, is expressed at high levels in hematopoietic cells and regulates downstream signaling from growth factor (GF) receptors. SHP-2 has been shown to play an important role in murine hematopoiesis. Moreover, several SHP-2 activating mutations have been identified in myeloid malignancies and there is interest in the development of SHP-2 inhibitors for cancer treatment. On the other hand previous report suggested that SHP-2 inhibition was associated with enhanced GF responsiveness in human hematopoietic cell lines. However the role of SHP-2 signaling in normal human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell growth has not been studied. Here we investigated the function of SHP-2 in normal human hematopoiesis by inhibiting SHP-2 expression in cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells with stable SHP-2 shRNA expression. We transduced CB CD34+ cells with lentivirus vectors coexpressing SHP-2 specific shRNAs (Si-1 or Si-2) or a control shRNA (Ctrl) and RFP and selected RFP expressing CD34+ cells by flow cytometry sorting. We observed >80% inhibition of SHP-2 expression by Western blotting in Si-1 or Si-2 shRNA transduced cells compared with Ctrl shRNA transduced cells. We observed that culture with increasing concentrations of GF was associated with markedly reduced GF-induced stimulation of proliferation of SHP-2-knockdown CD34+ cells compared to controls. In addition we observed significantly increased apoptosis of SHP-2-knockdown CD34+ cells cultured under low and high GF conditions compared to controls, but little increase in apoptosis in GF-deprived cells, indicating markedly reduced response of SHP-2-knockdown cells to GF-mediated promotion of cell survival. SHP-2-knockdown CD34+ cells also demonstrated significantly reduced expansion in cell numbers following culture in high GF conditions compared with controls (115.3, 25.5 and 10.4 fold expansion for Ctrl, Si-1 and Si-2 at day 7). Analysis of the nature of cells generated in GF culture showed significantly reduced generation of both myeloid (CD33+, CD11b+ and CD14+) and erythroid cells from SHP-2-knockdown CD34+ cells compared with controls, with relatively greater inhibition of myeloid compared with erythroid differentiation. On the other hand CD34+ cell numbers were retained at levels similar to controls after culture. We also observed significantly reduced cell expansion and differentiation and higher apoptotic rates of SHP-2-knockdown cells cultured under either myeloid promoting (IL-3+SCF+G-CSF+GM-CSF) or erythroid promoting (SCF+EPO) GF conditions. SHP-2-knockdown cells demonstrated reduced activation of MAPK and STAT5 but not Akt on Western blotting that was associated with reduced MCL-1 expression, consistent with their reduced GF mediated proliferation and survival. Expression of the transcription factors SCL1, GATA-1, NF-E2 and FOG-1 was increased in SHP-2 knockdown CD34+ cells compared to controls, consistent with the relatively higher retention of CD34+ and erythroid cells compared with myeloid cells after culture. In conclusion, we show that SHP-2 knockdown in human CD34+ cells results in markedly decreased responsiveness to GF stimulation with significantly increased apoptosis, markedly diminished proliferation and reduced generation of differentiated cells during GF culture. A relative retention of the CD34+ cell population was seen despite increased apoptosis, which may be the result of reduced cell turnover and altered transcription factor expression in SHP-2-knockdown cells, and is in contrast to reduced stem cell self-renewal observed following SHP-2 knockdown in murine models. These results indicate a critical role for SHP-2 in GF mediated signaling responses in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. These studies also caution that therapeutic SHP-2 inhibition could be associated with significant hematopoietic toxicity.

Evidence for the absence of selenocystine and selenomethionine in the serum proteins of chicks administered selenite

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1417-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elemental Selenium ◽  
Positive Material ◽  
Covalently Bound

The nature of 75Se-labeled material in the serum proteins of chicks intubated with 75SeO32− was investigated. Serum was exhaustively dialyzed against 0.9% NaCl and then subjected to nonproteolytic treatments for the release of 75Se activity. Reduction of serum proteins obtained 4 h after 75Se administration with 0.25 M 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.10 ML-cysteine, 0.10 M reduced glutathione, or 0.02 M dithiothreitol in the presence of 8 M urea released 76–89% of the radioactivity within 2 h. Sulfitolysis and dialysis against dilute NaOH, pH 11.5, for 2 days liberated 83% and 90%, respectively. At later times after 75SeO32− administration, progressively less 75Se activity was removed by reduction or sulfitolysis, whereas the alkali treatment remained equally effective. On paper chromatography, the alkali-released material separated into two radioactive areas, one attributable to 75SeO32− and the other tentatively identified as colloidal, elemental selenium. No radioactive selenocystine, selenomethionine, or other ninhydrin-positive material was released. None of the treatments employed to discharge the element caused the release of 75SeO32− from 75Se-labeled selenomethionine or selenocystine standards. The evidence suggests that the bulk of 75Se existed in the serum proteins covalently bound between the sulfurs of half-cystine residues.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term in vivo micro-CT imaging on hallmarks of osteopenia and frailty in aging mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane C. Scheuren ◽  
Gisela A. Kuhn ◽  
Ralph Müller
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micro Ct

AbstractIn vivo micro-CT has already been used to monitor microstructural changes of bone in mice of different ages and in models of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis. However, as aging is accompanied by frailty and subsequent increased sensitivity to external stimuli such as handling and anesthesia, the extent to which longitudinal imaging can be applied in aging studies remains unclear. Consequently, the potential of monitoring individual mice during the entire aging process – from healthy to frail status – has not yet been exploited. In this study, we assessed the effects of long-term in vivo micro-CT imaging - consisting of 11 imaging sessions over 20 weeks - on hallmarks of aging both on a local (i.e., static and dynamic bone morphometry) and systemic (i.e., frailty index (FI) and body weight) level at various stages of the aging process. Furthermore, using a premature aging model (PolgA(D257A/D257A)), we assessed whether these effects differ between genotypes.The 6th caudal vertebrae of 4 groups of mice (PolgA(D257A/D257A) and PolgA(+/+)) were monitored by in vivo micro-CT every 2 weeks. One group was subjected to 11 scans between weeks 20 and 40 of age, whereas the other groups were subjected to 5 scans between weeks 26-34, 32-40 and 40-46, respectively. The long-term monitoring approach showed small but significant changes in the static bone morphometric parameters compared to the other groups. However, no interaction effect between groups and genotype was found, suggesting that PolgA mutation does not render bone more or less susceptible to long-term micro-CT imaging. The differences between groups observed in the static morphometric parameters were less pronounced in the dynamic morphometric parameters. Moreover, the body weight and FI were not affected by more frequent imaging sessions. Finally, we observed that longitudinal designs including baseline measurements at young adult age are more powerful at detecting effects of in vivo micro-CT imaging on hallmarks of aging than cross-sectional comparisons between multiple groups of aged mice subjected to fewer imaging sessions.

scholarly journals Investigating the Aging Effects of Biochar on Soil C and Si Dissolution and the Interactive Impact on Copper Immobilization

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4319
Author(s):  
Shaojun Jiang ◽  
Jiachen Wu ◽  
Lianxin Duan ◽  
Sheng Cheng ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Vegetable Garden Soil

Aging tests were used to investigate the long-term effects of BC on the immobilization of Cu, and the soil silicon dissolution of three types soils (black soil, (BS), vegetable garden soil (VS) and red soil (RS)). Litchi branch biochars (BC) at 10% (w/w) were incubated with three Cu (400 mg/kg) contaminated soils. The effect on soil properties of pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and available silicon content were investigated, along with the speciation distribution of Cu. The results indicated that SOC, DOC, and available silicon content (except, BC300) increased with the application of BCs. On the other hand, the DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable Cu content in BS, VS and RS soils were reduced by 4–12%, 18–25%, and 12–19%, respectively. The Cu availability in all soils first increased, and then decreased during the aging process. The sum of the other four fractions, including the carbonate fraction and the inert component increased by 4–4.5% (BS), 1.4–2.1% (VS), and 0.5–1% (RS) respectively, over the long-term process. Moreover, during the whole aging process, the soil properties (such as pH, SOC, DOC and available silicon content) were almost stable. This study demonstrates that BCs, especially those produced at a higher temperature, are superior to those been produced at 300 °C in immobilizing Cu and releasing available silicon in soils. However, the remediation efficiencies were restricted by the soil type contamination status and remediation time.

Bcl-2, p53, and Ki-67 expression in pterygium and normal conjunctiva and their relationship with pterygium recurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1232-1237
Author(s):  
Meydan Turan ◽  
Gulay Turan
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recurrent Pterygium ◽  
Primary Pterygium

Purpose: Pterygium is a common lesion of the ocular surface, and its etiology and pathogenesis are still uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the role of apoptosis and proliferation in pterygium formation and recurrence. Materials and methods: In this study, p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were evaluated in primary pterygium ( n = 35) and recurrent pterygium ( n = 32) tissue samples and compared with normal conjunctiva ( n = 30) tissue samples. In addition, recurrent pterygiums were divided into three groups based on recurrence time, and their p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were compared. Results: The results show that p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 expression levels were significantly higher in the pterygium tissue samples as compared to the control group ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). When primary and recurrent pterygium tissues were compared, bcl-2 expression was higher in recurrent pterygium tissue samples ( p = 0.003). However, when Ki-67 and p53 expression levels were evaluated, no significant difference was found between primary and recurrent pterygium ( p = 0.215, p = 0.321, respectively). Also, p53 and Ki-67 expression were correlated in pterygium tissue samples, and Bcl-2 expression was significantly higher in pterygium that recurrence in the first 6 months after surgery. There was no difference between groups 1, 2, and 3 in terms of p53 and Ki-67 expression. Conclusion: Antiapoptotic mechanisms and proliferation play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of pterygium. Furthermore, Bcl-2 expression may be important in pterygium recurrence.

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