Ultrasonically Assisted Efficient and Green Protocol for the Synthesis of Bisindolylmethanes Using Malic Acid as a Homogeneous and Reusable Organocatalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep B. Kasar ◽  
Shankar R. Thopate
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Green Protocol

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

Water‐soluble Aliphatic Polyesters: Poly(malic acid)s

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong‐Seop Lee ◽  
Michel Vert ◽  
Eggehard Holler
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aliphatic Polyesters

Spatial variability of malic acid content of flue-cured tobacco in Dali

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
Xi-xin ZHOU ◽  
Ji-heng ZHOU ◽  
De-chuan WU ◽  
Zai-dou FAN ◽  
Wen-bi LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Acid Content

Effects of Irridiance Levels during Flasking and Greenhouse Production on Growth and Flowering of the Phalaenopsis Orchid

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 537d-537
Author(s):  
Elise A. Konow ◽  
Yin-Tung Wang
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Greenhouse Production

Four-month-old, aseptically raised Phalaenopsis Atien Kaala `TSC 22' seedlings 1.0 cm in leaf spread were transferred (Nov. 1995) 25 per polycarbonate box to an agar medium and placed under 10, 20, 40, or 80 mol·–2·s–1 PPF from cool-white fluorescent tubes. In June 1996, plants grown under 40 or 80 mol·–2·s–1 PPF had greater mass, wider leaves, and more roots than those under the two lower PPF. Plants were then transplanted and grown in a greenhouse (GH) under 340, 170, or 85 mol·–2·s–1maximum PPF. In May 1997, plants previously produced under 40 mol·–2·s–1 PPF had longer, wider, and thicker leaves than those under 10 mol·–2·s–1 PPF when grown under the two higher GH PPF. Under the low GH PPF, however, plants were equally small, regardless of the previous flasking PPF levels. Plants under the high, medium, and low GH PPF had an average of 61, 37, and 17 g of fresh mass, respectively. By September 1997, plants had increasingly larger leaves and higher concentrations of malic acid, sugars, and starch as GH PPF increased. Each doubling in GH PPF resulted in more than a two-fold increase in plant fresh mass. Under the low GH PPF, plants previously produced under 80 mol·–2·s–1 PPF during flasking were 13% larger than those under 10 mol·–2·s–1 PPF. Plants grown under the high, medium, and low GH PPF had 100%, 79%, and 0% flowering, respectively. Those under the high GH PPF bloomed earlier and had longer inflorescences, bearing many more and larger flowers, than those under the medium GH PPF.

Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Peptides Using Fmoc-Amino Acid Chlorides as Coupling Agent Under Biphasic Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Y. Khatavi ◽  
K. Kantharaju
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Chloride ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Amino Acid Ester ◽  
Acid Chlorides ◽  
Peptide Bond Formation ◽  
Green Protocol ◽  
Additional Base

Background: Agro-waste derived solvent media act as a greener process for the peptide bond formation using Nα - Fmoc-amino acid chloride and amino acid ester salt with in situ neutralization and coupling under biphasic condition. The Fmoc-amino acid chlorides are prepared by the reported procedure of freshly distilled SOCl2 with dry CH2Cl2. The protocol found many added advantages such as neutralization of amino acid ester salt and not required additional base for the neutralization, and directly coupling take place with Fmoc-amino acid chloride gave final product dipeptide ester in good to excellent yields. The protocol occurs with complete stereo chemical integrity of the configuration of substrates. Here, we revisited Schotten-Baumann condition, instead of using inorganic base. Objective: To develop green protocol for the synthesis of peptide bond using Fmoc-amino acid chloride with amino acid esters salt. Methods: The final product isolated is analyzed in several spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-, 13CNMR, Mass spectrometry and RP-HPLC to check stereo integrity and purity of the product. Conclusion: The present method developed greener using natural agro-waste (lemon fruit shell ash) derived solvent medium for the reaction and not required chemical entity.

Visible Light Assisted Hantzsch Reaction: Synthesis of Polycyclic Dihydropyridines

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Ankusab Noorahmadsab Nadaf ◽  
Kalegowda Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Green Protocol ◽  
Dihydropyridine Derivatives

The polycyclic dihydropyridine nucleus represents the heterocyclic system of invaluable core motifs with wide applications in chemical, biological and physical properties. Although this kind of compounds have been extensively synthesized by other groups, the synthesis of these compounds under CFL light intensity were not explored. The synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were achieved through the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate under CFL light irradiation conditions. A series of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were prepared under CFL light irradiation conditions with high yield, short reaction time, ambient condition and without the use of catalyst. The results displayed an efficient method for the synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives. Clean profile, short reaction time, low cost and use of CFL light intensity instead of catalyst making it a genuinely green protocol.

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