A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacology and Toxicology of Bioactive Compounds of Lagerstroemia Speciosa (L.) Pers.

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Kant Tripathi ◽  
Sunayna Behera ◽  
Munmun Panda ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Bijesh K. Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Lagerstroemia Speciosa ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Corosolic Acid ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Background: Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers is one of the most valuable plants due to its ornamental and pharmacological relevance. It is known for its anti-diabetic activity with proved potent blood sugar-lowering activity. The anti-diabetic activity is due to presence of its biologically active component corosolic acid. Moreover, L. speciosa and its novel purified compounds are also well-known for its several biological activities with beneficial health benefit on the human being. Objectives: This review provides a summary of pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and pharmacological properties of L. speciosa and its purified phytochemicals which may help researchers for building up new researches in near future. Methods: The current article is prepared by collecting through various online and offline databases. Preliminary source of study and data collection for outlining the review was research articles and reviews that have been already published by many reputed publishers, including Springer, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis imprints, BMC, Willy, The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Environmental health prospective (EHP), and PLOS One. Result: The available studies results suggested that the L. speciosa and its phytochemicals showed antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-obesity, and cardio-protective activities. Pharmacokinetic stud-ies suggested the low bioavailability of its purified compounds. However, nano-encapsulation can improve the bioavaila-bility related issue and effectively potentiate the medicinal properties of its constituents. Conclusion: Considering the worthy pharmacological properties, L. speciosa is considered as a potent source of several novel drugs. Though, still preclinical and clinical studies are needed to reveal the targets, molecular mechanisms, bioavail-ability, and toxicity of its constituents.

Biologically Active 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-406
Author(s):  
Harish Rajak ◽  
Murli Dhar Kharya ◽  
Pradeep Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Physiologic Activity ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

There are vast numbers of pharmacologically active heterocyclic compounds in regular clinical use. The presence of heterocyclic structures in diverse types of compounds is strongly indicative of the profound effects such structure exerts on physiologic activity, and recognition of this is abundantly reflected in efforts to find useful synthetic drugs. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus has emerged as one of the potential pharmacophore responsible for diverse pharmacological properties. Medical Literature is flooded with reports of a variety of biological activities of 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The present work is an attempt to summarize and enlist the various reports published on biologically active 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles.

scholarly journals Mangiferin as New Potential Anti-Cancer Agent and Mangiferin-Integrated Polymer Systems—A Novel Research Direction

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Morozkina ◽  
Thi Hong Nhung Vu ◽  
Yuliya E. Generalova ◽  
Petr P. Snetkov ◽  
Mayya V. Uspenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cancer Agent

For a long time, the pharmaceutical industry focused on natural biologically active molecules due to their unique properties, availability and significantly less side-effects. Mangiferin is a naturally occurring C-glucosylxantone that has substantial potential for the treatment of various diseases thanks to its numerous biological activities. Many research studies have proven that mangiferin possesses antioxidant, anti-infection, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular, neuroprotective properties and it also increases immunity. It is especially important that it has no toxicity. However, mangiferin is not being currently applied to clinical use because its oral bioavailability as well as its absorption in the body are too low. To improve the solubility, enhance the biological action and bioavailability, mangiferin integrated polymer systems have been developed. In this paper, we review molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer action as well as a number of designed polymer-mangiferin systems. Taking together, mangiferin is a very promising anti-cancer molecule with excellent properties and the absence of toxicity.

scholarly journals Natural Products, Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Biebersteinia (Biebersteiniaceae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyin Zhang ◽  
Xiaona Jin ◽  
Hengxia Yin ◽  
Dejun Zhang ◽  
Huakun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Major Chemical

Medicinal plants have been known as a rich source of natural products (NPs). Due to their diverse chemical structures and remarkable pharmacological activities, NPs are regarded as important repertoires for drug discovery and development. Biebersteinia plant species belong to the Biebersteiniaceae family, and have been used in folk medicines in China and Iran for ages. However, the chemical properties, bioactivities and modes of action of the NPs produced by medicinal Biebersteinia species are poorly understood despite the fact that there are only four known Biebersteinia species worldwide. Here, we reviewed the chemical classifications and diversity of the various NPs found in the four known Biebersteinia species. We found that the major chemical categories in these plants include flavonoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, essential oils and fatty acids. We also discussed the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antihypertensive and hypoglycemic effects of the four Biebersteinia species. We believe that the present review will facilitate the exploration of traditional uses and pharmacological properties of Biebersteinia species, extraction of the NPs and elucidation of their molecular mechanisms, as well as the development of novel drugs based on the reported properties and mode-of-action.

scholarly journals Bee Venom: From Venom to Drug

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4941
Author(s):  
Abdelwahab Khalil ◽  
Basem H. Elesawy ◽  
Tarek M. Ali ◽  
Osama M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Bee Sting ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Defensive Substance ◽  
Injectable Form

Insects of the order Hymenoptera have a defensive substance that contains many biologically active compounds. Specifically, venom from honeybees (Apis mellifera) contains many enzymes and peptides that are effective against various diseases. Different research papers stated the possibility of using bee venom (a direct bee sting or in an injectable form) in treating several complications; either in vivo or in vitro. Other reports used the active fractions of bee venom clinically or at labratory scale. Many reports and publications have stated that bee venom and its constituents have multiple biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-protozoan, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic properties. The present review aims to refer to the use of bee venom itself or its fractions in treating several diseases and counteracting drug toxicities as an alternative protocol of therapy. The updated molecular mechanisms of actions of bee venom and its components are discussed in light of the previous updated publications. The review also summarizes the potential of venom loaded on nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle and its molecular mechanisms. Finally, the products of bee venom available in markets are also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Recent Updates on Marine Cancer-Preventive Compounds

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Preventive Activity ◽  
Marine Compounds ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Unique Chemical

The natural compounds derived from marine organisms often exhibit unique chemical structures and potent biological activities. Cancer-preventive activity is one of the rather new activities that has emerged and been extensively studied over the last decades. This review summarizes the recent updates on the marine chemopreventive compounds covering the relevant literature published in 2013–2021 and following the previous comprehensive review by Stonik and Fedorov (Marine Drugs 2014, 12, 636–671). In the current article, only the molecules having an effect on malignant transformation (or related pathway and molecules), cancer stem cells, or carcinogen-induced in vivo tumor development were considered to be “true” cancer-preventive compounds and were, therefore, reviewed. Additionally, particular attention has been given to the molecular mechanisms of chemoprevention, executed by the reported marine compounds.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Properties of Chalcones: A Review of Preclinical Including Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahare Salehi ◽  
Cristina Quispe ◽  
Imane Chamkhi ◽  
Nasreddine El Omari ◽  
Abdelaali Balahbib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Chalcones are among the leading bioactive flavonoids with a therapeutic potential implicated to an array of bioactivities investigated by a series of preclinical and clinical studies. In this article, different scientific databases were searched to retrieve studies depicting the biological activities of chalcones and their derivatives. This review comprehensively describes preclinical studies on chalcones and their derivatives describing their immense significance as antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, psychoactive, and neuroprotective agents. Besides, clinical trials revealed their use in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, skin conditions, and cancer. Bioavailability studies on chalcones and derivatives indicate possible hindrance and improvement in relation to its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Multifaceted and complex underlying mechanisms of chalcone actions demonstrated their ability to modulate a number of cancer cell lines, to inhibit a number of pathological microorganisms and parasites, and to control a number of signaling molecules and cascades related to disease modification. Clinical studies on chalcones revealed general absence of adverse effects besides reducing the clinical signs and symptoms with decent bioavailability. Further studies are needed to elucidate their structure activity, toxicity concerns, cellular basis of mode of action, and interactions with other molecules.

Coumarin-Oxadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 780-794
Author(s):  
Nurhayatun S. Abdul Razak ◽  
Joazaizulfazli Jamalis ◽  
Subhash Chander ◽  
Roswanira Abdul Wahab ◽  
Deepak P. Bhagwat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxadiazole Derivatives ◽  
The Common

Coumarin and oxadiazole moieties ubiquitously occur in a wide range of natural products and are valued for their varied and beneficial pharmacological activities. Herein, this review focuses on various documented techniques used by researchers to synthesize an assortment of biologically active coumarin-oxadiazole scaffolds. Also, the common techniques discussed are used to establish the wide-range of biological activities of the synthesized coumarin and oxadiozole derivatives, including; antioxidant, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and anticonvulsant. Additionally, the current, well-established drugs synthesized using coumarin-oxadiazole scaffolds are typically dispensed in regular clinical practice are also highlighted in this review paper.

2-Pyrazolines as Biologically Active and Fluorescent Agents, An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1366-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Singh ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
Geeta J. Pant ◽  
Mohan S.M. Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Hole Transporting Materials

Nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclics play a vital role in pharmaceuticals as well as medicinal chemistry. Pyrazolines play a significant role among other heterocycles because of their therapeutic and pharmacological properties. 2-Pyrazolines displayed a wide variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antiepileptic, anti-aids, antimalarial, insecticidal, antitubercular, etc. and they are used as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and also used in agrochemical research and analytical chemistry. 2-Pyrazolines are well-known brightening agents used in chemosensor. They have excellent fluorescent properties and are widely used in synthetic fibers, dyes, photography and hole transporting materials. A number of preparation methods of pyrazolines have also been investigated by several research groups. In this review, most of the synthesized and reported nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocycles including 2-pyrazolines, their pharmaceutical evaluation and structure-reactivity are discussed.

scholarly journals Natural Coumarins: Exploring the Pharmacological Complexity and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽  
Natália Cruz-Martins ◽  
Pía López-Jornet ◽  
Eduardo Pons-Fuster Lopez ◽  
Nidaa Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Accessibility ◽  
Natural Coumarins ◽  
Valuable Function

Coumarins belong to the benzopyrone family commonly found in many medicinal plants. Natural coumarins demonstrated a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anticancer, antibacterial, antimalarial, casein kinase-2 (CK2) inhibitory, antifungal, antiviral, Alzheimer’s disease inhibition, neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, phytoalexins, ulcerogenic, and antihypertensive. There are very few studies on the bioavailability of coumarins; therefore, further investigations are necessitated to study the bioavailability of different coumarins which already showed good biological activities in previous studies. On the evidence of varied pharmacological properties, the present work presents an overall review of the derivation, availability, and biological capacities of coumarins with further consideration of the essential mode of their therapeutic actions. In conclusion, a wide variety of coumarins are available, and their pharmacological activities are of current interest thanks to their synthetic accessibility and riches in medicinal plants. Coumarins perform the valuable function as therapeutic agents in a range of medical fields.

scholarly journals The GenusSpilanthesEthnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaraj Paulraj ◽  
Raghavan Govindarajan ◽  
Pushpangadan Palpu
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Spilanthesspp. are popular, over-the-counter remedies; they are sold over the internet under various names and are widely used in traditional medicine in various cultures. This review will summarize the important reports on the ethnopharmacology, botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties as described in the literature from recent years (1920 to 2013).Spilanthesspp. are used for more than 60 types of disorders. They are reported to contain a number of biologically active phytochemicals, although a large number of ethnopharmacological uses have been documented; only a few of these species have been investigated for their chemical and biological activities. The studies are carried out mainly onSpilanthesextracts and a few metabolites substantiate the uses of these plants in traditional medicine. Well-conducted pharmacological studies are still needed for several traditional indications, and the mechanisms of action by which the plant extracts and the active compounds exert their pharmacological effects remain to be studied. They are predominantly used as extracts in personal care products, traditional medicines, and the pharmaceutical and culinary areas. Suggestions are made regarding some of the possible mechanisms of action as to how the known compounds may exert their biological activity.

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