scholarly journals Monitoring of Zinc Profile of Forages Irrigated with City Effluent

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
The Impact

Wastewater contains a surplus amount of trace metals that contaminate the soil and crops. A pot trial was performed to determine the impact of wastewater on the zinc accumulation in forages and their associated health risk. Forages both of summer (Zea mays, Echinochloa colona, Pennisetum typhoideum, Sorghum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Sesbania rostrata, and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and winter (Trifolium alexandrinum, Medicago sativa, Brassica campestris, Trifolium resupinatum, Brassica juncea, and Brassica napus) were grown with sewage water and tap water treatment. The experiment was laid down in a completely randomized design with five replicates. The concentration of zinc in water, root and forage samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In tap water, the zinc value was 0.498 mg/L and in wastewater 0.509 mg/L, respectively. The maximum level of zinc in the forages leaves was 3.582 mg/kg found in Brassica napus grown in the winter season. The maximum observed value for zinc bioconcentration factor in Brassica juncea was (2.88) grown in winter. The values of pollution load index for zinc were found less than 1. The values of daily intake of metal and health risk index for zinc in all forages were less than 1 indicated that consumption of these forages was free of risk.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Consumption of Vegetables Irrigated with Tin Mine Pond Water in Jos – South, Plateau State

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Mafuyai ◽  
S. Ugbidye ◽  
G. I. Ezekiel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Plateau State

The water range from Pb (1.439 – 1.715), Cu (0.234 – 0.377), Cd (0.838 – 1.346), Zn (0.448 – 1.110), Cr (0.144 – 0.794), Mn (0.777 – 2.011) and As (0.584 – 1.341) mg/L.  The range in soil was Pb (67.5 – 120), Cu (8.51 – 32.5), Cd (0.21 – 1.72), Zn (70.8 – 85.6), Cr (15.8 – 29.5), Mn (14.6 – 19.1) and As (52.0 – 198) mg/kg and  in the vegetables in the range of Pb (0.177 – 0.545), Cu (0.073 – 0.748), Cd (0.005 – 0.019), Zn (0.264 – 0.915), Cr (0.089 – 0.158), Mn (0.162 – 0.253) and As (0.032 – 0.245) mg/kg. The study shows that the transfer coefficient of the heavy metals to vegetable was less than one (< 1). The estimated daily intake (DIM) of heavy metals from vegetables irrigated with tin mine pond water were in the order: Cd > Zn > Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > As.  The health risk index (HRI) of all the studied heavy metals indicated that all vegetables were safe with no risk to human health except for Cd.  health risk assessment of heavy metals in consumption of vegetables irrigated with tin mine pond water in Jos - South, Plateau State

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cadmium Contaminated Roadside Soil Surface and its Transfer to Animals through Forage: Assessing the Health Risk Assessment for Ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
Nimra Arshad ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Humayun Bashir ◽  
Sonaina Nazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Living System ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Health Risk Index

The increasing pollution in most industrialized area is a really attention seeking issue now a days. Air pollution caused by vehicular smoke contains handsome percentages of heavy metals like cadmium. Cadmium like other heavy metals accumulated in the bodies of living systems found around roads. Among the living system cadmium accumulate up to alarming rate like in soil, plants and animals. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the possible risk of the Cadmium on the soil, forage and buffalos. The study was done in the area of Sargodha district, Punjab, Pakistan. There were six sites selected for study on accumulation of Cd in the forages, soil and the Buffalo blood. The Cd content in soil samples was highest in sample collected from site III. The Cd content was highest in the forage sample collected from site IV and in the blood samples, and the bioaccumulation factor was highest in the samples collected from site V. The positive and non-significant correlation was found when soil and forage was correlated, unlike the correlation found between blood and forage which was found negative non-significant. The samples from site III showed high daily intake of metals, health risk index, and pollution load index. This study will bring attention towards the development of the strategies in order to be safe from the toxic effects of cadmium.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cadmium in Sewage Water Irrigated Soil and its Transfer to Fodder with Respect to Health of Livestock

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Kafeel Ahmed ◽  
Saman Nazar ◽  
Sonaina Nazar ◽  
Humayun Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Health Risk Index

Heavy metal concentration in sewage water irrigation of fodders, milk, and soil was studied. It was a serious issue because excess of sewage water is used for irrigating crops and due to excessive use of waste-water heavy metals build up in plants and when animals consume these plants metals transfer to their bodies and milk causes different problems. Six samples were collected Trifolium alexandrinum, Avena sativa, Zea mays, Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum bicolor, Brassica campestris from five sites. All the samples were digested by wet digestion method. After digestion a clear transparent solution of all samples was obtained which was analyzed in atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Different indices were applied including bio concentration factor, daily intake of metals, health risk index, enrichment factor, pollution lad index, correlations of fodders, soil and milk was done. Pollution load index of current study was less than 1 which indicates that soil was less polluted. Health risk for Cd was present higher than 1 which was an indication of risk to health of animals in eating Cd contaminated fodders. Daily intake of metal was lower than 1 it showed there was no risk in consuming fodders to health of animals. In water samples level of Cd was higher above permissible limit. Cd mean concentration was higher in milk than permissible limit which showed that animals graze more contaminated fodder in open areas and drink waste-water that�s why metals accumulate in their tissues and milk causing toxicity.

scholarly journals HEAVY METALS IN SOIL AND VEGETABLES AND THEIR EFFECT ON HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Jitender Pal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Adults And Children

The present study was carried out to assess heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) levels in vegetables like Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrot (Daucus carota), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Radish (Raphanus sativus) irrigated with domestic wastewater. The vegetable samples were randomly collected from the farmlands irrigated with domestic wastewater around the Hisar district. Spinach, cabbage, brinjal and carrot accumulated higher Cd (1.30±0.31 mg kg-1), Pb (4.23±0.32 mg kg-1), Cu (1.42±0.25 mg kg-1), Zn (3.4±0.28 mg kg-1), Cr (1.16±0.11 mg kg-1) and Ni (2.45±0.86 mg kg-1) respectively. Transfer Factor (TF) of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni are more in spinach (0.0306), cabbage (0.4448), spinach (0.2642), cauliflower (0.2494), carrot (0.0764) and spinach (0.7469) respectively. The health risk assessment has been calculated followed by Estimated Daily Intake Metal (EDIM) and Estimated Health Risk Index (EHRI). The present study highlights that both adults and children consuming vegetables grown in wastewater irrigated soils accumulate significant amount of these metals. However, the values of these metals were lesser than recommended maximum tolerable levelsproposed by the FAO/WHO (1999).

scholarly journals Assessing Health Risk in Livestock through Quantification of Iron in Forages, Soil and Buffalo Blood from Sargodha, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Yongjun Yang ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Fahad Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Roadside Plants

Air pollution is very important issue now-a-days. This has affected the components of environment to a great extent. Organisms like animals, plants and human beings are forced to live in such polluted environments. One of the pollution sources to the environment is vehicular traffic which has toxic effect on the roadside plants. In this study, roadside forages, soil and buffalo blood were studied to estimate the level of heavy metal pollution, iron in particular, in Sargodha from six chosen sites at perimeter of major roads. Collected samples were processed and digested for quantification of iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Soil and buffalo samples from the site V showed high concentration of iron, whereas in forage, samples collected from site IV had greatest iron concentration. The bio concentration factor found for forage-soil was highest in the samples collected from site IV. On the other hand, bio-concentration factor for blood-forage and pollution load index was found highest in the samples collected from site V. Correlation for soil-forage and blood-forage was found negatively non-significant. The daily intake of metals for iron was found highest for site IV. The Health risk index was highest for the samples collected from site VI.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation and Transfer of Zinc in Soil Plant and Animal System: A Health Risk Assessment for the Grazing Animals.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Chen ◽  
Fatima Ghulam Muhammad ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
Ifra Saleem Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Health Risk Index

Abstract Heavy metal pollution has thoroughly worldwide apprehensions due to the instantaneous growth of industries. Farming regions are irrigated mainly with wastewater which contains both municipal and industrial emancipations. Therefore, three sites irrigated with ground, canal and municipal-wastewater in the District Jhang were selected to determine the zinc accumulation and its transfer in the soil, plant and animal food-chain. Soil, forage and animal samples of cow, buffalo and sheep were selected from each site. Various pollution indices were also measured to assess the zinc exposure to grazing animals. Zinc concentration was ranged as 18.85-35.59mg/kg in the soil, 26.42-42.67 mg/kg in the forage and 0.982-2.85mg/kg in the animal samples. Investigated zinc concentration in soil and forages was found to be within the recommended WHO/FAO limits but blood samples exceeding the standards of NRC (2007). Maximum level of pollution load index (0.427-0.805mg/kg) and enrichment factor (0.373-0.894 mg/kg) for zinc was noticed upon waste water irrigation. Daily intake (0.039 to 0.082 mg/kg/day) and health risk index (0.130 to 0.275 mg/kg/day) of zinc metal was higher in the buffaloes that feed on waste water irrigated forages. Bio-concentration factor (0.840 to 2.01mg/kg) for soil-forage was >1 represented that these plants accumulated the zinc concentration into their tissues and raised health issues in grazing animals on consumption of waste water contaminated forages. Overall findings of this study, suggested that animal herds should be monitored periodically to devise preventive measures regarding the toxic level of heavy metals availability to livestock.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Different Heavy Metals Dissolved in Drinking Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rehman ◽  
Tasawar Khanam ◽  
Abbas Sheer ◽  
Zhang Kebin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Permissible Limits

Water pollution is a major threat to public health worldwide. The health risks of ingesting trace elements in drinking water were assessed in the provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Eight trace elements were measured in drinking water, using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and compared with permissible limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA). In addition, health risk indicators such as the chronic daily intake (CDI) and the health risk index (HRI) were calculated. Our results showed that the concentrations of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) were 2593, 1306, and 695 ng/g, respectively, in Lahore and Jhang, while the concentrations of arsenic (As) in Lahore, Vehari, Multan, and Jhang were 51, 50.4, 24, and 22 ng/g, respectively, which were higher than the permissible limits suggested by the WHO. The values of CDI were found to be in the order of Cr > Ni > Mn > Cu > As > Pb > Co > Cd. Similarly, the health risk index (HRI) values exceeded the safe limits (>1) in many cities (eg, Cr and Ni in Lahore and As in Vehari, Jhang, Lahore, and Multan). The aforementioned analysis shows that consumption of trace element-contaminated water poses an emerging health danger to the populations of these localities. Furthermore, inter-metal correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that both anthropogenic and geologic activities were primary sources of drinking water contamination in the investigated areas.

scholarly journals Puplic Health Implications of Pesticide Residues in Irish Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) from Jos Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 259-259
Author(s):  
Grace Taiwo Otitoju ◽  
Olawale Otitoju
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Health Risk Index

Abstract Objectives There is a growing public health concern on the indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture among farmers from developing countries including Nigeria. The presence of pesticide residues in food samples may pose a deleterious effect on food safety and consequently compromise the health of consumers especially children, elderly, and pregnant women. The estimation of pesticides residues via dietary intake constitutes a vital integral part of regulatory processes that seeks to preserve public health. This study is therefore focused on the estimation of some pesticide residues in samples of Irish potatoes collected from Jos Nigeria. Methods The samples were collected from five different markets in Jos Plateau State Nigeria. All the samples were transported to the Central Research Laboratory, Ilorin, Nigeria. The pesticide residue analysis was carried out using GC/MS after sample extraction, filtration and Concentration. After the analysis was carried out, the result obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) statistical software (version 21) after which the Mean, Standard deviations and ANOVA (Analysis of variance) were calculated. Results The result shows that 17 different pesticide residues were identified with ten (10) organochlorines, two (2) organophosphates, one (1) thiocarbamate, one (1) benzamide and two (2) of them were unclassified. The concentration of these pesticides were determined which was then used to determine the estimated daily intake. The ADI and MRL for each pesticide was sought for and the health risk was also evaluated. With the results obtained, it was noticed that most of these pesticides usually exceed their ADI and MRL which then makes them hazardous to the human health. Considering the health risk index of consumers Aldrin, Heptachlor, Mecarbem and Dieldrin proved to be very hazardous (P &gt; 1). Conclusions These pesticides can cause harmful effects on the food commodities which ultimately cause a damaging impact on the health of human. To guarantee food safety, continuous monitoring is recommended for pesticide residues in Irish potatoes. Funding Sources Self-sponsored.

scholarly journals Transfer of heavy metals to leafy vegetables in Gazipur textile area

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
M Begum ◽  
MN Gani ◽  
MD Alam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Significant Health

Heavy metal pollution of soils is a major concern today because contamination of food chain considered as one of the major environmental pathways of human exposure leading to potential health risk.A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the transfer of Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Cd, Cr, Pb and Mn from non-contaminated and contaminated soils to jute leaves vegetable plant and to evaluate their associated health risk in the local population.The mean concentration of the heavy metals in jute leaves vegetable plants followed a decreasing order of Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni. Among the all heavy metals the highest transfer factor (TF) values was found for Cu (77.50-34.95) and the lowest TF value was observed for Ni(0-0.001) in jute leaves vegetables plant. The daily intake of metals (DIM) for a person through ingestion of jute leaves were in order of Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cd. The values of health risk index (HRI) for the heavy metals were less than 1, therefore, no significant health risk is anticipated for the local consumers through ingestion of jute leaves. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(3), 155-164, 2021

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Imported Frozen Fish Scomber scombrus Species Sold in Nigeria: A Case Study in Zaria Metropolis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Abubakar ◽  
Adamu Uzairu ◽  
Patricia Adamma Ekwumemgbo ◽  
Oluwole Joshua Okunola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Risk Limits

This study assesses the likely health risks to human contamination of heavy metals from fish consumption. The analysis of the idea of fish destination and status (fishing area) for heavy metals was determined by the assessment of its risk limits (daily intake of metal and health risk index). Variations in the accumulation of heavy metals concentrations were between various tissues/organs (skin, muscle, gills, liver, intestine, kidneys, brain, and bones) across the batches of two fishing origins. Post hoc (Duncan) multicomparison shows that there are significant differences (P<0.05) across batches. The concentrations of heavy metals analyzed, in the investigated tissues of Scomber scombrus, showed higher levels of heavy metals accumulations in the order: Fe>Hg>Pb>Cd>Ni and were above the recommended safety limits outlined by FAO/WHO. However, the consumer’s health risk with the consumption of fish muscles tissues shows that there are greater tendencies for cadmium, lead, and mercury exposure. Also consumption of Scomber scombrus species above the recommended daily intake (stated in this study) might lead to ingestion of heavy metals at unacceptable concentrations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document