KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS, EPITHELIAL ARCHITECTURE AND IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF GILL (NA+, K+)-ATPASE INDUCED BY LOW SALINITY ACCLIMATION IN THE STRIPED HERMIT CRAB CLIBANARIUS VITTATUS (ANOMURA, DIOGENIDAE)

Gastropod shells are essential to most hermit crabs. Shell availability limits hermit crab populations. Shells provide protection and the degree of shell-fit controls crab growth and fecundity. Crabs locate new gastropod shells from a distance under water by molecules released from gastropod flesh during predation events. Here we test the hypothesis that the salivary glands of the predatory gastropod are the source of enzymes that digest muscle proteins and release peptide attractants. We describe the anatomy of both the acinous salivary glands and the tubular accessory salivary glands of Busycon contrarium which are similar to those of B. carica. The salivary gland ducts empty at the mouth, suggesting a role in the primary digestion of food. We show that gastropod muscle proteins, extracted by salt solutions with the ionic strength of sea water and purified by precipitation in low ionic strength can be digested by gastropod salivary gland enzymes to generate peptides attractive to the hermit crab, Clibanarius vittatus, in field assays.

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K+-Phosphatase activity of gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase from the blue crab,Callinectes danae: Low-salinity acclimation and expression of the ?-subunit

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Comparative Experimental Biology ◽

10.1002/jez.a.166 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 303A (4) ◽

pp. 294-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D.C. Masui ◽

R.P.M. Furriel ◽

F.L.M. Mantelatto ◽

J.C. Mcnamara ◽

F.A. Leone

Keyword(s):

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Blue Crab ◽

Salinity Acclimation ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Callinectes Danae

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Effects of Temperature, Salinity and Oxygen on the Survival of the American Lobster

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f56-016 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 247-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

D. W. McLeese

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Temperature Acclimation ◽

Thermal Acclimation ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Lethal Temperature ◽

Salinity Acclimation ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Oxygen Conditions ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Temperature Levels

Thermal acclimation for lobsters transferred from 14.5 °C. to 23.0 °C. is complete in 22 days. Substantial acclimation to low salinity and to low oxygen occurs within one week. Lethal levels of these three factors are not altered by differences in size within the range 16–34 cm., by difference in the areas where lobsters were caught, or by starvation for up to 57 days. Moulting lobsters are less resistant to high temperature, low salinity and low oxygen conditions than hard-shelled lobsters.Upper lethal temperature levels and lower lethal salinity and oxygen levels were investigated for hard-shelled lobsters acclimated to each of the 27 combinations of three levels of temperature (5, 15 and 25 °C.), salinity (20, 25 and 30‰), and oxygen (2.9, 4.3 and 6.4 mg./l.). The upper lethal temperature is raised by an increase in thermal acclimation, and is lowered by a decrease in the salinity and oxygen acclimation levels. The lower lethal salinity is raised by an increase in the level of thermal acclimation and a decrease in the level of oxygen acclimation. It is lowered by acclimation to reduced salinity. The effect of salinity acclimation is not always the same, but depends on the temperature acclimation. The lower lethal oxygen is raised by either an increase in the temperature acclimation level of a decrease in the salinity acclimation.The lower lethal temperature is 1.8 °C. for 17° acclimated lobsters, and 5.0° for 27.5° acclimated lobsters.Ultimate and maximum or minimum lethal levels of temperature, salinity and oxygen—the highest and lowest lethal levels that can be attained by acclimation—were interpolated from the results. These measures were used to integrate the lethal levels of the three factors into a single three-dimensional graph which describes the boundary of lethal conditions for lobsters exposed to the three factors operating together (Fig. 7).

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Larval release behaviors of the striped hermit crab, Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc): Temporal pattern in hatching

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.jembe.2006.03.014 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 335 (2) ◽

pp. 245-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tracy A. Ziegler ◽

Richard B. Forward

Keyword(s):

Hermit Crab ◽

Temporal Pattern ◽

Larval Release ◽

Clibanarius Vittatus

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Responses and acclimation to salinity in the adults of some balanomorph barnacles

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1970.0001 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 256 (810) ◽

pp. 377-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Keyword(s):

Blood Concentration ◽

Sea Water ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Mantle Cavity ◽

Salinity Acclimation ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Tissue Resistance ◽

Wide Range ◽

External Salinity ◽

Balanus Balanoides

The responses of a number of barnacles to a wide range of salinity have been studied by observation of the activity and measurement of the depression of freezing point of the blood. In active barnacles of the species Elminius modestus, Balanus balanoides, B. crenatus, B. improvisus, B. hameri, B. balanus and Chthamalus stellatus the blood concentration conforms with changes in the external salinity. The concentration of the blood tends to remain slightly hyperosmotic to the fluid in the mantle cavity, and to the medium. With sudden changes of external salinity the blood concentration conforms within a few hours if cirral activity is maintained. When placed in such low salinities that activity is inhibited, E. modestus, B. balanoides, B. crenatus, B. improvisus, B. balanus and C. stellatus close the opercular valves with the result that the blood and mantle cavity fluid are maintained for some time at a level initially considerably hyperosmotic to the medium, but the blood is still only slightly hyperosmotic to the fluid remaining in the mantle cavity. There is no permanent control, and in time the blood concentration approximates to the external level. E. modestus, B. balanoides and B. improvisus from low salinity estuarine habitats, and B. crenatus after gradual reduction of salinity in the laboratory over a matter of days, exhibit tolerance to lower salinities than do specimens of the same species obtained from, or acclimated to normal salinities. Salinity acclimation is typical of osmoconformers lacking specific organs for effective regulation. It is concluded that the barnacles here tested are osmoconformers, able to adjust to small changes of environmental salinity by tissue acclimation, but evading too severe salinity changes by withdrawing into the protection of the shell. The deep sea B. hameri , however, does not close up when immersed in dilute sea water, and appears to be relatively stenohaline with limited ability to acclimate to low salinity. The intertidal E. modestus and B. balanoides , and the low-tidal to sublittoral B. crenatus , are tolerant, after experimental or natural acclimation, of salinities down to 14 to 17 ‰. The estuarine B. improvisus can, with gradual acclimation, be induced to be active in a salinity of about 2 ‰ . This species is remarkably tolerant of dilution of the blood, and its distribution into regions of low salinity is evidently due to a wide tissue resistance and not to any ability to regulate.

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