scholarly journals Late complication of the oral cavity and oropharynx after interstitial neutron therapy with sources of Cf-252

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
V.V. Polkin ◽  
◽  
V.S. Medvedev ◽  
D.N. Derbugov ◽  
P.A. Isaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
Radiation Injuries ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Photon Irradiation ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Neutron Therapy ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Radiation Ulcers

Radiotherapy is used to treat approximately 80% of patients with cancer of the head and neck. Despite enormous advances in radiotherapy planning and delivery, a significant number of pa-tients will experience radiation-associated toxicities. Many effective management options are available for acute radiotherapy-associated toxicities, but treatment options are much more lim-ited and of variable benefit among patients who develop late sequelae after radiotherapy. The present work is based on observations of 586 patients with oral and oropharynx cancer, for which interstitial neutron therapy was carried out in an independent version or in combination with re-mote radiation therapy. Radiation injuries occurred in 130 (22.2%) patients, in 92 (15.7%) they appeared in the form of radiation ulcers and in 38 (6.4%) – osteoradionecrosis of the lower jaw. The clinical picture and the course of radiation injuries after interstitial neutron therapy with sources of 252Cf did not differ significantly from radiation complications after photon irradiation.

Preventing Premature Weaning: Management Options for Common Lactation Conditions, Including OMT

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Denise Sackett ◽  
Tala Dajani ◽  
David Shoup ◽  
Uzoma Ikonne
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Family Physician ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Lactational Mastitis ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

The benefits of breastfeeding are well established. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that mothers breastfeed infants for at least one year, but most children are not breastfed that long because of many factors. Breastfeeding mothers face many challenges to continued breastfeeding, including medical conditions that arise during this period, such as postpartum depression and lactational mastitis. Because of a perceived lack of consistent guidance on medication safety, it can be difficult for the family physician to treat these conditions while encouraging mothers to continue breastfeeding. The purpose of the current review is to summarize and clarify treatment options for the osteopathic family physician treating lactating mothers. We specifically focus on the pharmacological management of contraception, postpartum depression, and lactational mastitis.

A Systematic Review of the Omohyoid Muscle Syndrome (OMS): Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942199503
Author(s):  
Jerome Zhiyi Ong ◽  
Alex Chengyao Tham ◽  
Jian Li Tan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Omohyoid Muscle

Objective: Omohyoid muscle syndrome (OMS) is a condition that causes a X-shaped lateral neck lump on swallowing, caused by the failure of the central tendon of the omohyoid muscle to restrict movement of the muscle during swallowing. We aim to review the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic tests, and management options for this condition. Data Sources: Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for all articles and abstracts related to OMS up to 29th July 2020. Review Methods: A systematic review was performed, data extracted from relevant full text articles. Both quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed. Results: Twenty cases of OMS were reported. Patients presented at a mean age of 36.0. All cases were Asian. There is a 7:3 ratio of males to females. The most common symptom was a transient neck mass. Most cases were managed conservatively with good prognosis. Open or endoscopic transection of the muscle and ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injection were 3 treatment options, with no recurrence at 4 years, 6 months, and 6 months respectively. Conclusion: OMS could be genetic as all cases were Asian in ethnicity. The deep cervical fascia which usually envelopes the omohyoid muscle may be weakened by stress as 20% of cases had a preceding traumatic event. Real-time ultrasonography establishes the diagnosis, demonstrating the anterolateral displacement of the sternocleidomastoid muscle by a thickened omohyoid muscle during swallowing. Surgical transection can achieve cure, but due to limited studies available, they should be reserved for patients who are extremely bothered. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin is an effective alternative, but recurrence is expected.

scholarly journals Extended adverse effects of cyclophosphamide on mouse ovarian function

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihyun Kim ◽  
Sooseong You
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Multiple Exposures

Abstract Purpose Most patients with cancer undergo multiple administrations of anticancer drugs during treatment, resulting in chronic impairment of their reproductive health. As improved treatment options increase cancer survival, it has become increasingly important to address fertility issues in cancer survivors. In this study, we examined the pathophysiological effects of multiple exposures to cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the ovaries of mice and their underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg Cy six times over 2 weeks; 4 weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and their ovaries, sera, and oocytes were collected for histological observation, measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone levels, and assessment of oocyte quantity and quality in response to hormonal stimulation. Gene expression changes in Cy-treated ovaries were examined by microarray and bioinformatics analyses. Results After repeated Cy exposure, the anti-Müllerian hormone level was decreased, and follicle loss and impairments in the quality of oocyte were irreversible. The expression levels of genes involved in folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and zona pellucida glycoprotein transcription displayed sustained alterations in Cy-exposed ovaries even after 4 weeks. Conclusion The adverse effects of Cy on ovarian function and oocytes remained even after chemotherapy was complete. Therefore, strategies to prevent ovarian damage or restore ovarian function after treatment are required to safeguard the fertility of young cancer survivors.

Congenital Auricular Atresia: A Team Approach

1995 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. P65-P65
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Linstrom ◽  
Thomas Romo ◽  
Suzanne Mccormick
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Educational Objectives ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Congenital Auricular Atresia

Educational objectives: To evaluate and diagnose children and adults with microtia, to understand the management options for patients with microtia, and to be able to educate parents regarding these treatment options and to coordinate the care of these children.

Female sexual dysfunction: a problem hidden in the shadows

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos P. Imprialos ◽  
Konstantinos Koutsampasopoulos ◽  
Aleksandra Katsimardou ◽  
Sofia Bouloukou ◽  
Iakovos Theodoulidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Female Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Cv Disease

Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has mainly been underdiagnosed and undertreated due to the lack of concrete definitions, validated assessment methods, and efficient treatments. However, during the last few decades, there has been significant progress in the clinical management and research of FSD. Objective: The purpose of this review is to describe the pathophysiology of FSD, report the prevalence of the disease in the setting of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and disease, and review current and under investigation treatment options. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify studies examining the association of FSD with CV risk factors and/or disease and studies reporting appropriate management options. Results: The prevalence of FSD is increased in the general population (approximately 40%) and is significantly higher in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. In patients with overt CV disease, FSD is even more prevalent (up to 90%). The cause of FSD is multifactorial and includes various vascular, hormonal, interpersonal, and psychological factors, which are all intertwined. Several treatment options exist that are efficient in improving female sexual function, while a cluster of other alternatives has been shown to offer benefits. Conclusion: FSD is a significant public health problem with a great impact on the patients’ quality of life. In the setting of increased CV burden, FSD is even more prevalent. Increased awareness is needed for the physician to establish a trustful environment with the patient, discuss such issues, and offer suitable management options.

Non-operative treatment options for knee osteoarthritis: current concepts

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
David A Parker ◽  
Corey Scholes ◽  
Thomas Neri
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Operative Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Coordinated Care ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Functional Benefit

Knee osteoarthritis in younger patients can be a challenging condition to manage. The patient and clinician have a range of non-operative management options available, although the guidance to effectively apply these options is lacking. The following review summarises a range of non-operative treatment options as an accessible reference for primary care providers to establish a coordinated care plan in consultation with the patient as part of a shared decision making process. Options are summarised in non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. These options are based on the latest guidelines based on authoritative recommendations, as well as recent articles with a good level of evidence that have not yet been incorporated into these official contents. The coordination of treatment using a range of modalities remains poorly explained in the literature and the current review proposes a conceptual model for coordinated care to be provided. In this model, the patient is central to the interaction between the coordinator and specialist providers, and the treatment plan is tailored to provide the optimal pain relief and functional benefit specific to the patient.

scholarly journals INNV-17. INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES TO ENHANCE PATIENT AND CAREGIVER UNDERSTANDING OF TTFIELDS FOR GLIOBLASTOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi134-vi134
Author(s):  
Melissa Shackelford ◽  
Peggy Frongillo ◽  
Jeanine Certo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Tumor Treating Fields ◽  
Education Of Patients ◽  
Educational Paradigm ◽  
Device Manufacturer ◽  
Methods Of Learning

Abstract INTRODUCTION The most common, aggressive malignant brain tumor is Glioblastoma (GBM) with patient median survival of 15–21 months. Patients with GBM face devastation of diagnosis, disease-burden, and hardship of seeking accurate information regarding treatment options. Evolving technology-enhanced methods of learning challenge traditional ways patients with cancer are educated and create an educational paradigm shift. The device manufacturer of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields)) has developed innovative supplementary educational platforms to compliment healthcare provider (HCP) education of patients-caregivers with GBM treated with TTFields. This report aimed to evaluate these supplementary educational platforms. METHODS Emerging technology methods were employed to address patient-caregiver frequently asked questions, which included queries regarding treatment overview, mechanism of action, treatment initiation, and management to potentially ease the emotional burden of patients-caregivers seeking TTFields information. The TTFields educational platforms included incorporation of Web program, Buddy Program, Open-House Program (live and webinar), Chalk-Talk Video, and Facebook. RESULTS Educational platforms connecting potential and current TTFields patients-caregivers via live/webinar Open-House events ensured patient support. The phone-based Buddy Program allowed for direct 1:1 discussions between potential and current TTFields patients-caregivers. Patient-caregiver surveys revealed 100% would recommend the program to others (n=91); 98% were satisfied with the call experience (n=90); 76% felt the most valuable takeaway was speaking to someone who understands their situation (n=82). Of ambassadors, 98% felt they helped address registrants’ concerns (n=150). A dedicated TTFields Facebook page and first-ever, industry-led Facebook Live event (national broadcast; patients-caregivers discussed unique issues) were launched. Additionally, vignettes (eg, videos, written stories) were shared through a dedicated patient-caregiver website and YouTube channel. CONCLUSIONS In an ever-growing information age, it is important that HCPs become aware of innovative ways to reach and provide education for patients with brain cancer. Emerging technology utilization may improve GBM supportive care, by improving communication channels and potentially easing burden.

scholarly journals Patellofemoral pain syndrome in female athletes: A review of diagnoses, etiology and treatment options

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Vora ◽  
Emily Curry ◽  
Amanda Chipman ◽  
Elizabeth Matzkin ◽  
Xinning Li
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Management ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Muscle Balance ◽  
Conservative And Surgical Treatment

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of knee pain and is present in females disproportionately more relative to males. PFPS causes tend to be multifactorial in nature and are described in this review. From a review of the current literature, it is clear that there needs to be further research on PFPS in order to better understand the complex etiology of this disorder in both males and females. It is known that females with patellofemoral pain syndrome demonstrate a decrease in abduction, external rotation and extension strength of the affected side compared with healthy patients. Conservative management, including optimizing muscle balance between the vastus medialis and lateralis around the patella along with formal therapy should be the first line of treatment in patients presenting with PFPS. Surgery should be reserved for patients in which all conservative management options have failed. This review aims to guide physicians in accurate clinicaldecision making regarding conservative and surgical treatment options when specifically faced with PFPS in a female athlete. Furthermore, we will discuss the anatomic variants, incidence and prevalence, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of PFPS.

scholarly journals Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for women with granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a systematic review of the literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Clemens B. Tempfer ◽  
Wiebke Solass ◽  
Askin Dogan ◽  
Lukas A. Hefler ◽  
Marc-André Reymond
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Late Relapse ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumors ◽  
Crs And Hipec

AbstractBackground: Adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are rare functional sex-cord-stromal ovarian neoplasms characterized by low malignant potential and late relapse. Evidence-based management options for primary and recurrent juvenile (JGCT) and adult (AGCT) granulosa cell tumors are limited and treatment options have not been standardized. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) may be an option to treat these women effectively.Methods: Systematic literature review using PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Results: No reports of HIPEC among women with a first diagnosis of AGCT were identified. We identified 5 reports on the safety and therapeutic efficacy of CRS and HIPEC in 19 patients with recurrent AGCT and one patient with JGCT. The pooled rate of complete cytoreduction was 95 % (18/19) with 16 % (3/19) severe morbidity and no procedure-related mortality. The median time of follow-up was 30 (range, 3 to 72) months, during which 6/19 (31 %) patients experienced a recurrence and two patients (10 %) died of the disease.Conclusion: CRS and HIPEC are a safe and potentially effective treatment option for selected women with recurrent AGCT limited to the abdomen.

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