scholarly journals The Public’s Perception of the Severity and Global Impact at the Start of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Crowdsourcing-Based Cross-Sectional Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orr Shauly ◽  
Gregory Stone ◽  
Daniel Gould
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Sectional Analysis

BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a rapidly developing threat to most people in the United States and abroad. The behaviors of the public are important to understand, as they may have a tremendous impact on the course of this novel coronavirus pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study intends to assess the US population’s perception and knowledge of the virus as a threat and the behaviors of the general population in response. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with random volunteers recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, an internet crowdsourcing service, on March 24, 2020. RESULTS A total of 969 participants met the inclusion criteria. It was found that the perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly differed between age groups (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and men and women (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). A majority of study participants were actively adhering to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Though many participants identified COVID-19 as a threat, many failed to place themselves appropriately in the correct categories with respect to risk. This may indicate a need for additional public education for appropriately defining the risk of this novel pandemic.

scholarly journals The Public’s Perception of the Severity and Global Impact at the Start of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Crowdsourcing-Based Cross-Sectional Analysis

10.2196/19768 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. e19768
Author(s):  
Orr Shauly ◽  
Gregory Stone ◽  
Daniel Gould
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background COVID-19 is a rapidly developing threat to most people in the United States and abroad. The behaviors of the public are important to understand, as they may have a tremendous impact on the course of this novel coronavirus pandemic. Objective This study intends to assess the US population’s perception and knowledge of the virus as a threat and the behaviors of the general population in response. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with random volunteers recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, an internet crowdsourcing service, on March 24, 2020. Results A total of 969 participants met the inclusion criteria. It was found that the perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly differed between age groups (P<.001) and men and women (P<.001). A majority of study participants were actively adhering to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Conclusions Though many participants identified COVID-19 as a threat, many failed to place themselves appropriately in the correct categories with respect to risk. This may indicate a need for additional public education for appropriately defining the risk of this novel pandemic.

Defining “Ideal Abs” Through a Crowdsourcing-Based Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. NP167-NP173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Gould ◽  
Orr Shauly ◽  
Ali A Qureshi ◽  
W Grant Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Body Contouring ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Level ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Background There were almost 12 million nonsurgical cosmetic procedures performed in the United States in 2016, which represented a 12% increase from the previous year, and popularity is expected to continue rising. Furthermore, nonsurgical fat reduction and body contouring have experienced a dramatic increase in popularity among both men and women. However, there has been very little work focused on the public’s perception of the ideal abdominal muscles. Objectives The authors sought to analyze patient perspectives on ideal abdominal contours and attitudes towards methods of improving the appearance of the abdomen. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study of 718 random volunteers recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk was conducted. A survey instrument was administered to all study participants to assess the importance of ab symmetry, pec muscle definition, serratus muscle definition, and natural feel. Results Study participants across all ages, gender, ethnicity, and marital status indicated that a 6-pack was the ideal abdominal muscle count. They also rated the symmetry (61.06 ± 1.87) and natural feel of abs (60.72 ± 1.75) as the 2 most important aesthetic features in consideration of ideal abs. Study participants who reported exercising more than twice a week expressed a greater interest in nonsurgical procedures to achieve ideal abs (P = 0.007). Conclusions “Ideal abs” are 6 in number, symmetric, and feel natural. Millennials are much more willing to consider nonsurgical options to achieve ideal abs instead of surgery. Individuals who maintain a high level of fitness are, interestingly, more likely to want ideal abs and nonsurgical methods to achieve them.

scholarly journals Science, healthcare system, and government effectiveness perception and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy in a global sample: an analytical cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e049716
Author(s):  
Timothy D Dye ◽  
Monica Barbosu ◽  
Shazia Siddiqi ◽  
José G Pérez Ramos ◽  
Hannah Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Sectional Analysis

BackgroundDeterminants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance are complex; how perceptions of the effectiveness of science, healthcare and government impact personal COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is unclear, despite all three domains providing critical roles in development, funding and provision, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccine.ObjectiveTo estimate impact of perception of science, healthcare systems, and government along with sociodemographic, psychosocial, and cultural characteristics on vaccine acceptance.DesignWe conducted a global nested analytical cross-sectional study of how the perceptions of healthcare, government and science systems have impacted COVID-19 on vaccine acceptance.SettingGlobal Facebook, Instagram and Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) users from 173 countries.Participants7411 people aged 18 years or over, and able to read English, Spanish, Italian, or French.MeasurementsWe used Χ2 analysis and logistic regression-derived adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs to evaluate the relationship between effectiveness perceptions and vaccine acceptance controlling for other factors. We used natural language processing and thematic analysis to analyse the role of vaccine-related narratives in open-ended explanations of effectiveness.ResultsAfter controlling for confounding, attitude toward science was a strong predictor of vaccine acceptance, more so than other attitudes, demographic, psychosocial or COVID-19-related variables (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.8 to 2.5). The rationale for science effectiveness was dominated by vaccine narratives, which were uncommon in other domains.LimitationsThis study did not include participants from countries where Facebook and Amazon mTurk are not available, and vaccine acceptance reflected intention rather than actual behaviour.ConclusionsAs our findings show, vaccine-related issues dominate public perception of science’s impact around COVID-19, and this perception of science relates strongly to the decision to obtain vaccination once available.

scholarly journals Determinan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk pada ibu rumah tangga di Bogor

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Mayumi Nitami ◽  
Sri Tjahyani Budiutami
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Job Knowledge ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Dengue Control ◽  
Prevention Counseling

Determinants of dengue mosquito eradication (PSN) in the households in Bogor in 2016PurposeThis study aimed to determine the factors that affect of PSN on housewives in Cibinong and the factors found that influence were: job, knowledge, attitude, behavior of housewife, counselling, active jumantik, giving abatement and the number of container.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using 125 housewifes in Cibinong sub-district. The statistical analysis used chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests.ResultsThis study showed that counseling and the existence of jumantik cadre were the determinants of the application of mosquito nest eradication. Counseling was the most influential factor on the application of mosquito nest eradication.Conclusion Dengue control and prevention counseling should be given to all age groups in the community regularly and it is recommended to reactivate jumantik cadres.

scholarly journals Can Meals Outside Homes Impact Sodium Intake?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Pita Ruiz ◽  
Margareth Guimarães Lima ◽  
Lhais de Paula Barbosa Medina ◽  
Renata Luz Pinto ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Study Participants

ABSTRACT Background The WHO currently recommends a daily sodium intake of 2 g and has established the goal of a 30% reduction in mean salt intake by 2025. Objective We sought to estimate sodium intake in study participants according to the locations of where they consumed meals and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and practices related to salt consumption. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2574 individuals aged ≥10 y who answered the 2015 Campinas-Brazil Nutrition Survey. Mean sodium intake was estimated using a 24-h recall log and associations with the independent variables were tested using generalized regression analysis stratified by age group. Results Sodium intake was higher in male participants as well as adolescents and adults who reported eating ≥1 meal outside the home (6.07% and 7.06% increase, respectively). Per meal, sodium was consumed more outside the home at breakfast, during an afternoon snack, and at dinner among adolescents. No significant differences were found in the analysis by type of meal among the adults and seniors. Conclusions Sodium intake exceeded the WHO recommendation in all age groups analyzed. Having ≥1 meal outside the home was associated with greater sodium intake among adolescents and adults. Measures to regulate the food industry and dietary/nutritional education strategies targeting consumers are important to reducing the sodium intake of the population.

Coverage of and compliance to iron supplementation under the National Iron Plus Initiative among reproductive age-group women in urban Puducherry – a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendran Gayathri ◽  
Sakthivel Manikandanesan ◽  
Jayaseelan Venkatachalam ◽  
Sarveswaran Gokul ◽  
Arivarasan Yashodha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Anaemia is a global health problem and an important cause of morbidity in all age groups, especially among women and children. Various programmes have been implemented to combat anaemia in India and National Iron Plus Initiative (NIPI) is the latest programme to be implemented. Aim To ascertain the proportion of reproductive age women receiving iron supplementation under the NIPI and assess the compliance and factors hindering the implementation and compliance of the programme. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) during November 2017. The participants were interviewed at their household using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to obtain information on socio-demographic details, whether they were receiving iron supplements and compliance to the programme. Results Out of 302 study participants, only 138 (45.7%) were found to be receiving the supplements under the NIPI. The major source of iron supplementation was various health facilities (69.4%). Of those not receiving the tablets, 96.3% were non-pregnant non-lactating women. The proportion of study participants receiving iron supplementation through house visits by auxiliary nurse mid-wives (ANMs) was only 1.45%. Of the 138 women receiving supplementation, 85 (61%) were compliant with their medication. Compliance also tended to be higher among pregnant and lactating women. The most important reasons for non-compliance were adverse effects and forgetfulness. The presence of regular house visits by ANMs had a significant association with reception of tablets [prevalence ratio (PR)–1.43]. Pregnant women had a significant association with both reception (PR–2.19) and compliance (PR–1.8) with iron supplementation. Conclusion The current NIPI programme needs to be regularly evaluated to ensure its effective implementation. Importance should be given to non-pregnant non-lactating women to increase coverage among them.

scholarly journals Income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among adolescents in England and the United States: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Scholes ◽  
Jennifer S Mindell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Low Income Households

Objective: Quantify inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in England and the United States (US). Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. Participants: 4019 adolescents aged 11-15 years in England (Health Survey for England 2008, 2012, 2015) and 4312 aged 12-17 years in the US (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-16). Main outcome measures: Three aspects of MVPA: (1) doing any, (2) average min/day (MVPA: including those who did none), and (3) average min/day conditional on participation (MVPA-active). Using hurdle models, we quantified inequalities (average marginal effects: AMEs) using the absolute difference in marginal means. Results: In England, adolescents in high-income households were more likely than those in low-income households to have done any formal sports/exercise in the last seven days (boys: 11%; 95% CI: 4% to 17%; girls: 13%; 95% CI: 6% to 20%); girls in high-income households did more than their low-income counterparts (MVPA: 6 min/day, 95% CI: 2 to 9). Girls in low-income households spent more time in informal activities than girls in high-income households (MVPA: 21 min/day; 95% CI: 10 to 33), whilst boys in low-income versus high-income households spent longer in active travel (MVPA: 21 min/week; 95% CI: 8 to 34). In the US, in a typical week, recreational activity was greater among high-income versus low-income households (boys: 15 min/day; 95% CI: 6 to 24 min/day; girls: 19 min/day; 95% CI: 12 to 27). In contrast, adolescents in low-income versus high-income households were more likely to travel actively (boys: 11%; 95% CI: 3% to 19%; girls: 10%; 95% CI: 3% to 17%) and do more. Conclusions: Policy actions and interventions are required to increase MVPA across all income groups in England and the US. Differences in formal sports/exercise (England) and recreational (US) activities suggest that additional efforts are required to reduce inequalities.

scholarly journals Immunological Protection of Individuals Aged 3 to 25 Years Against Pertussis: Regional Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Diana V. Sutovskaya ◽  
Alla V. Burlutskaya ◽  
Larisa V. Dubova ◽  
Daria R. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of pertussis in unvaccinated, as well as vaccinated children and adults. The major risk group for pertussis are infants and children over 4 years of age due to gradual decrease in basic immunity.Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze postvaccinal immunity against pertussis in individuals aged 3 to 25 years in Krasnodar.Methods. The study was carried out in the period between July 2018 and October 2019 and included patients aged 3 to 25 years with completed (according to National Immunization Schedule) immunization against pertussis with no history of pertussis in the past. Postvaccinal immunity against pertussis in this sample was determined by the ratio of study participants with minimum protective antibodies titer to Bordetella pertussis ( 1:160).Results. The minimum protective antibody titer was revealed in 24 out of 76 participants. Distribution to age groups was the following: children aged 3 to 7 years — 2/28 (7%), 8 to 17 years — 13/22 (59%; p < 0.001, compared with the younger age group),  18 years — 9/26 (35%; p = 0.017). There was no postvaccinal immunity (no antibodies detected) in 6 (21%), 1 (5%) and 4 (15%) participants, respectively.Conclusion. Insufficient postvaccinal (humoral) immunity against pertussis was revealed in majority of children under 7 years. The ratio of such children decreases with age. It suggests the presence of hidden circulation of Bordetella pertussis and, as a result, previous medical condition in erased or abortive form.

scholarly journals Gender Disparities of Heart Disease and the Association with Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Behavior Among the Middle-Aged and Older Population in the US and China, a Cross-Sectional Study of CHARLS and HRS Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Li ◽  
Yuanan Lu ◽  
Eric L. Hurwitz ◽  
Yanyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background Heart disease remains the leading cause of death globally with substantial variabilities in mortalities by gender and region. Smoking and alcohol drinking are known modifiable health behaviors associated with heart disease. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of heart disease and to examine the association with smoking and drinking behavior for men and women in the United States (US) and China. Methods This study utilized the Harmonized data from the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which are sister surveys as part of the Gateway to Global Aging Data (https://g2aging.org/). We performed cross-sectional comparisons using the 2016 wave HRS and 2015 wave CHARLS data. Age was categorized into four groups (50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and 80 years or older) and smoking and drinking behavior were combined to neither, smoking only, drinking only and both behaviors. Weighted analyses were conducted to estimate the prevalence and prevalence ratios (PRs) of heart disease accounting for complex survey design. Results The overall prevalence of heart disease was higher in men (24.5%) than in women (20.6%) in the US. In contrast, women had higher prevalence (22.9%) than men (16.1%) in China. The prevalence of heart disease increased by age with increasing gender gap in the US, while in China, the highest prevalence was observed in the 70–79 age group and gender difference were more apparent before 80 years of age. Adjusting for socio-demographic variables and health conditions, smoking only was associated with a higher prevalence of heart disease in both countries and the associations were stronger among women (US: PR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.26 to 1.54; China: PR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.30 to 1.72) than among men (US: PR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.38; China: PR = 1.37, 95%CI: 0.94 to 1.98). Conclusions Findings from this study will improve present understanding of heart disease etiology and provide essential insights for future prevention, treatment, and control. Better management of smoking behaviors by gender might be beneficial for reducing the burden of heart disease in both countries and worldwide.

scholarly journals Preventive Behaviors Conveyed on YouTube to Mitigate Transmission of COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey H Basch ◽  
Grace C Hillyer ◽  
Zoe C Meleo-Erwin ◽  
Christie Jaime ◽  
Jan Mohlman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Missed Opportunity

BACKGROUND Accurate information and guidance about personal behaviors that can reduce exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are among the most important elements in mitigating the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With over 2 billion users, YouTube is a media channel that millions turn to when seeking information. OBJECTIVE At the time of this study, there were no published studies investigating the content of YouTube videos related to COVID-19. This study aims to address this gap in the current knowledge. METHODS The 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos uploaded throughout the month of January 2020 were reviewed and the content covered was described. Collectively, these videos were viewed over 125 million times. RESULTS Fewer than one-third of the videos covered any of the seven key prevention behaviors listed on the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. CONCLUSIONS These results represent an important missed opportunity for disease prevention.

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