scholarly journals Сlinical and laboratory features of Reye’s syndrome in children: a clinical case

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
O.K. Koloskova ◽  
R.V. Tkachuk ◽  
T.M. Bilous ◽  
L.V. Kolyubakina ◽  
N.K. Bogutska
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Reye's Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Control And Prevention

Reye’s syndrome is a very rare disease that occurs in the pediatric population with a frequency of approximately 6 cases per 100,000 children, but the mortality due to this nosology is quite high and depends on its severity and prognostic factors. This pathology should be a warning for practitioners in terms of diagnosis and timely precautions for possible progression of the disease, taking into account the high mortality rate, the rapid progression of neurological symptoms, and lack of clear predictors of Reye’s syndrome. The article presents modern views on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, laboratory and morphological diagnosis of Reye’s syndrome. Recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta criteria for the diagnosis of Reye’s syndrome are given in the article. The article describes the differential diagnosis between classical (aspirin-associated, idiopathic) and atypical Reye’s syndrome (Reye’s-like syndrome), as well as focuses on a set of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. A clinical case of the classic Reye’s syndrome in pediatric practice is presented, which occurred in the Regional Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise “Chernivtsi Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital”. The presented clinical case, unfortunately, was fatal and the body was subjected to an autopsy, the results of which, as well as morphological changes in the section material after specific staining with Sudan III, are also described in the article. The review of the case ends with a summary and conclusions, authors emphasize the need to draw the attention of practitioners to the possibility of developing rare Reye’s syndrome in children after the use of acetylsalicylic-containing drugs; for the verification of nosology, a doctor should take into account specific changes in clinical and paraclinical parameters, and due to the absence of a minimum permitted dose of acetylsalicylic acid it should be prohibited for use in pediatric practice as an antipyretic drug.

scholarly journals Acute hepatic encephalopathy (Reye’s syndrome) – clinical case

2016 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Olena Onofriychuk ◽  
Taras Belichenko
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reye's Syndrome ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy

Consider the features of the clinical course of Reye’s syndrome. It was found that the syndrome is accompanied by the relevant morphological changes in target organs: liver, kidneys, and brain.The course and prognosis of this syndrome are serious.

Clinical, morphological and biochemical signs of polymycotoxicosis in highly productive cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Irina A. Shkuratova ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila I. Drozdova ◽  
Aleksander I. Belousov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Structural Disorders ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Mycotoxicological monitoring of forages shows that the problem of mycotoxicosis has been relevant for several decades. Minimal doses of mycotoxins in feed lead to a decrease in milk productivity, increased sensitivity to infectious and non-infectious diseases. When several mycotoxins enter the body simultaneously, a synergistic effect develops, causing a significant increase in toxicity. Feed contaminated with several types of fungi and their toxins is dangerous for dairy cattle. It was found that the feed mixture contained the types of associations of Aspergillus spp. fungi + Fusarium; Aspergillus spp. + Penicillium spp. + Mucor spp; Fusarium + Penicillium; Mucor spp. + Fusarium + Ustilaginales. Pathogenetic features of metabolic and morphological changes in highly productive cows with polymycotoxicosis were studied. Feeding food contaminated with various metabolites of mold fungi leads to the development of signs of chronic toxemia in animals. Clinical manifestations are the development of diarrhea and dehydration, with a decrease in milk productivity. Metabolic disorders feature the development of an inflammatory process, metabolic acidosis, hyperfermentonemia, with an increase in the amount of creatinine and urea in the blood serum. Metabolic signs indicate the development of hepatorenal syndrome due to structural disorders of the liver and kidneys. Histological signs of polymicotoxicosis are intracapillary and hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis, hepatocyte micronecrosis, and proliferation of connective tissue stroma cells, which leads to the development of atrophic cirrhosis in the interstitial and circular phases.

Comparative assessment of morphological mechanisms of maintaining structural liver homeostasis in the dynamics of exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride on the body

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
M. S. Bugaeva ◽  
O. I. Bondarev ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Level ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Homeostasis ◽  
Rock Dust

Introduction. The impact on the body of such factors of the production environment as coal-rock dust and fluorine compounds leads to certain shift s in strict indicators of homeostasis at the system level. Maintaining the relative constancy of the internal environment of the body is provided by the functional consistency of all organs and systems, the leading of which is the liver. Organ repair plays a crucial role in restoring the structure of genetic material and maintaining normal cell viability. When this mechanism is damaged, the compensatory capabilities of the organ are disrupted, homeostasis is disrupted at the cellular and organizational levels, and the development of the main pathological processes is noted.The aim of the study is to compare the morphological mechanisms of maintaining structural homeostasis of the liver in the dynamics of the impact on the body of coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on adult white male laboratory rats. Features of morphological mechanisms for maintaining structural homeostasis of the liver in the dynamics of exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride were studied on experimental models of pneumoconiosis and fluoride intoxication. For histological examination in experimental animals, liver sampling was performed after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks of the experiment.Results. The specificity of morphological changes in the liver depending on the harmful production factor was revealed. It is shown that chronic exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride is characterized by the development of similar morphological changes in the liver and its vessels from the predominance of the initial compensatory-adaptive to pronounced violations of the stromal and parenchymal components. Long-term inhalation of coal-rock dust at 1–3 weeks of seeding triggers adaptive mechanisms in the liver in the form of increased functional activity of cells, formation of double-core hepatocytes, activation of immunocompetent cells and endotheliocytes, ensuring the preservation of the parenchyma and the general morphostructure of the organ until the 12th week of the experiment. Exposure to sodium fluoride leads to early disruption of liver compensatory mechanisms and the development of dystrophic changes in the parenchyma with the formation of necrosis foci as early as the 6th week of the experiment.Conclusions. The study of mechanisms for compensating the liver structure in conditions of long-term exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride, as well as processes that indicate their failure, and the timing of their occurrence, is of theoretical and practical importance for developing recommendations for the timely prevention and correction of pathological conditions developing in employees of the aluminum and coal industry.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

A Worthwhile Collaboration: Integrating Optometry and Occupational Therapy in the Treatment of Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-236
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
The Body ◽  
Collaborative Practice ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Vision Deficits

Background: Vision deficits are highly prevalent in children with neurodevelopmental disorders including those with motor delays, learning and reading difficulties, and maladaptive behaviors. These deficits can interfere with their participation and performance in everyday life activities and therefore, require a comprehensive approach to therapy. As such, optometrists and occupational therapists are an optimal team to provide interprofessional collaborative care, reported in research as best practice, in the treatment of these children. However, little is known about the long-called-for collaboration between these professions. The purpose of this study was to explore factors and implications associated with a collaborative practice between optometrists and occupational therapists in the co-management of vision deficits in the pediatric population. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive design was employed to explore perceptions of collaborative practice among teams of optometrists and occupational therapists in the remedial care of children with visual deficits. Following IRB approval, co-located optometrists and occupational therapists were recruited for this study. Semistructured interviews served as the primary data collection tool to investigate the factors and implications of collaborative practice. Results: Eleven professionals provided informed consent and took part in this study, including five occupational therapists and six optometrists. Following thematic analysis, four overarching themes emerged including 1) professional boundaries, 2) co-located, integrated practice, 3) professional growth, and 4) improved patient care. Participants indicated that although barriers exist, exercising humility, upholding patient-centered focus, maintaining mutual respect, communicating frequently, and co-location were factors that enable collaboration. Positive outcomes related to both the provider and the patient were further highlighted supporting the interprofessional collaboration between these professionals. Conclusions: The findings of this qualitative study add to the body of evidence underpinning interprofessional collaborative practice. Furthermore, this study supports the coordination of care, through optometry and occupational therapy collaboration, in the treatment of visual deficits in children with special needs.

Recounting the Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas of KwaZulu-Natal from Information and Knowledge in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era

Libri ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenrose Jiyane
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Critical Resource

Abstract The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) marks the new, advanced era of development in humankind, and globally countries are in the process of ensuring their citizenry’s readiness. In South Africa, various governmental departments, organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and non-profit organisations (NPOs) are making efforts, through their plans, talks and actions, to attain this status for all her people, particularly women in rural areas. However, the development of women in the rural areas for empowerment remains a concern in developing countries. Consequently, there is a dire need to ensure the developmental status for women in rural areas in the advent of the 4IR, and this paper seeks to demonstrate that information and knowledge may be instrumental in empowering women in rural areas to strive in the 4IR. Accordingly, information and knowledge are a critical resource contributing to the empowerment of women in rural areas for their development. An exploratory question is raised to determine whether South Africa is ready for Fourth Industrial Revolution. The outcome of this paper will contribute to the body of knowledge advocating the importance of information and knowledge in the empowerment of women in rural areas. Significantly, it will generate insights for policymakers on the important role of information and knowledge for women’s development.

scholarly journals Intensive Care in a Patient with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
J. Wallenborn ◽  
M. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Pain Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Volume Management ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Mucosal Involvement

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a serious adverse drug reaction with high lethality, which usually requires intensive-medical care. A 44-year-old man developed generalized exanthema with increasing exfoliation and mucosal involvement after taking allopurinol, ibuprofen, and etoricoxib. The clinical diagnosis of TEN was histologically confirmed. Prednisolone therapy with 3 mg/kg body weight (BW) was not able to prevent further progress to finally 80% of the body surface, and infliximab 5 mg/kg BW was given as a single dose. This prevented further progression of the TEN. Despite marked improvement in skin findings, the ICU stay was prolonged by a complex analgosedation, transient kidney failure, volume management, positioning therapy, and vegetatively impeded weaning. Moreover, there was colonization with multiresistant bacteria (MRSA and VRE). Nonetheless, the patient could be restored to health and was released after four weeks. Infliximab seems to be effective in the treatment of TEN, especially in cases of rapid progression. Moreover, patients with TEN are difficult to handle in intensive-medical care, whereby attention should especially be paid to sufficient pain therapy, and the positioning of the patient is a particular challenge.

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Broselow Tape Weight Estimate among Pediatric Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turki M. AlHarbi ◽  
Abdullaziz AlGarni ◽  
Fasial AlGamdi ◽  
Mona Jawish ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Medical City

Objective.To determine the accuracy of the Broselow Tape (BT) versions 2007 and 2011 in estimating weight among pediatric population.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahad Medical City and six schools across Riyadh province on 1–143-month-old children. BT 2007 and 2011 estimated weights were recorded. Both tapes via the child’s height produce an estimated weight, which was compared with the actual weight.Results.A total of 3537 children were recruited. The height (cm) of the subjects was97.7±24.1and the actual weight (kg) was16.07±8.9, whereas the estimated weight determined by BT 2007 was15.87±7.56and by BT 2011 was16.38±7.95. Across all the five age groups, correlation between actual weight and BT 2007 ranged between 0.702 and 0.788, while correlation between actual weight and BT 2011 ranged between 0.698 and 0.788. Correlation between BT 2007 and BT 2011 across all the five age groups ranged from 0.979 to 0.989. Accuracy of both the tape versions was adversely affected when age was >95 months and body weight was >26 kilograms.Conclusions.Our study showed that BT 2007 and 2011 provided accurate estimation of the body weight based on measured body height. However, 2011 version provided more precise estimate for weight.

Staphylococcal infection and pathomurfological characteristic of the pituitary-adrenal-thyroid system

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Samira Mammadhasan Yagubova ◽  
◽  
Elchin Chingiz Akbarov ◽  
Tarana Nadir Mirzayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Specific Symptoms

During the staphylococcal infection, changes in the interaction of glandular cells, dystrophic and disorganizing pathologies in tissues, especially acute structural and hemodynamic changes in the stroma of the glands in the pituitary-adrenal-thyroid system, develop from the first day of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, on the background of a decrease in exudative processes, fibroplastic reactions are significantly activated, resulting in signs of incomplete regeneration – mainly sclerotic processes and cystic-atrophic changes in the parenchyma. Structural changes in tissues in the early stages of staphylococcal infection and the dynamics of development are characterized by specific symptoms in each of the glands. Since the pituitary gland is exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors earlier and more often than the adrenal glands, and the adrenal glands are earlier than the thyroid gland, dystrophic and destructive changes in the pituitary and adrenal glands are more pronounced at the early stage of the experiment. These morphological changes can change the hormonal status of the body and lead to dysfunction of the endocrine system as a whole – a decrease in the functional activity of the glands to some extent, and even inhibition of adenohypophyseal cells. Key words: staphylococcal infection, peritonitis, pituitary, adrenal and thyroid glands

Theoretical foundations and general provisions of autohemotherapy

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
S. I. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Practical Medicine ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Dosage Frequency

Currently, autohemotherapy takes one of the places of honor among; of our therapeutic measures and there is not a single area of ​​practical medicine where oisch is not applied. At the same time, this type of therapy still does not have an exact scientific basis; Thus, there are many different views on the essence of the action of this method, but there are still no precise indications and contraindications for the use of autohemotherapy for certain types of diseases, then the dosage, frequency of injections, their number, etc., vary sharply among different authors. we will review the following issues - the essence of the action of autohemotherapy, the dosage and frequency of injections, the reaction of the body (general, focal, local), the advantage of one or another method of using autoblood injections (intracutaneous, subcutaneous and intramuscular routes of administration) and, finally, morphological changes in blood during this method of treatment.

scholarly journals Eczema herpeticum in an infant – a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Lesya Besh ◽  
◽  
Oksana Matsyura ◽  
Olesya Besh ◽  
Olga Troyanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Herpesvirus Infection ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions

Eczema herpeticum is a chronic dermatosis with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the skin in children of a predominantly young age. The clinical case presented in this article shows the severe course of herpesvirus infection combined with atopic dermatitis in a 5-month infant. A rash in the form of vesicles and pustules throughout the body with a predominant localisation on the skin of the face, the scalp, neck, and chest was found in the course of the examination of the child. Influence of infections on the course of allergic processes is an ambiguous and complicated issue. It has been proved that an infection can contribute to the development of allergies and exacerbate the course of already existing allergic inflammation. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown the preventive effect of infection on the development of allergic pathology in children, especially during the first years of life.

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