scholarly journals Emulsifying Characteristics of Gelatin Hydrolysate from Tilapia Skin Covalently Attached with N-hydroxysuccinimide Esters of Fatty Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Nurin Imana Hidayati ◽  
Retno Indrati ◽  
Pudji Hastuti ◽  
Masahiro Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gelatin Hydrolysate ◽  
Hydroxysuccinimide Esters ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This study aims to combine two modification methods, namely enzymatic hydrolysis and covalent attachment with hydrophobic groups, to increase the emulsifying properties of gelatin. The experiment was conducted by using a completely randomized design with three replicates. Enzymatic hydrolysis of gelatin resulted in higher contents of free amino groups, which could be attached to hydrophobic groups. Gelatin hydrolysates covalently attached with the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of C14:0 and C18:0 fatty acids at a molar ratio of 3.0 showed high emulsifying activity but low stability. Among the samples obtained, gelatin hydrolysate covalently attached with C18:0 at a molar ratio of 3.0 revealed the highest emulsifying activity; however, this sample cannot be considered the best emulsifier among the samples because of its low stability.

scholarly journals Plasma fatty acid profile in dairy cows associated with the inclusion of annatto in their diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47651
Author(s):  
Clarissa Sampaio de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Albericio Pereira de Andrade ◽  
André Luiz Rodrigues Magalhães ◽  
Omer Cavalcanti de Almeida ◽  
Sebastião Inocêncio Guido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid Profile

The objective of this study was to evaluate the plasma lipid profile and plasma fatty acids of dairy cows receiving diets supplemented with annatto. A total of 32 Holstein cows (550 kg), distributed in a completely randomized design, were allocated to individual stalls and submitted to following treatments: C0 = no annatto; C4 = inclusion of annatto at 4 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) of diet (0.07 g bixin kg-1 diet); C5 = inclusion of annatto at 5 g kg-1 DM of diet (0.09 g bixin kg-1 diet); and C7 = inclusion of annatto at 7 g kg-1 DM of diet (0.12 g bixin kg-1 diet). Blood samples were collected via epigastric vein puncture, centrifuged, and frozen for subsequent analysis. The results indicate that the inclusion (p > 0.05) of annatto does not decrease the total cholesterol or low and high density lipoproteins. However, it impacts the profile of fatty acids, evidenced by the reduction (p < 0.05) in levels of hypercholesterolemic fatty acids viz, myristic acid and palmitic acid.  It also causes an increase in the levels of arachidonic acid, rumenic acid, linoleic acid, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, bixin included in the diets of dairy cows induces changes in the plasma fatty acid profile.

scholarly journals Biofortification of Hens Eggs with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by New Dietary Formulation: Supercritical Microalgal Extract

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Michalak ◽  
Marita Andrys ◽  
Mariusz Korczyński ◽  
Sebastian Opaliński ◽  
Bogusława Łęska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Pufa ◽  
Nonadecanoic Acid

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Spirulina platensis, formulation containing microalgal extract, post-extraction residue, and formulation without algal extract (containing only emulsifier) on the content of FAs in the eggs of laying hens. The experiment was conducted on 90 laying hens (ISA Brown) as a completely randomized design. Hens were assigned to five experimental groups (six replicates). The FAs content in eggs was determined after 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of the experiment. There were no statistically significant differences in FA profiles after 30 days of the experiment. It was shown that after 60, 90, and 120 days of the experiment, the investigated additives had a significant impact on the content of such acids as: dodecanoic acid (C12:0), C15:0, nonadecanoic acid (C19:0), myristoleic acid (C14:1 n-5), α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n-3), DPA, C20:2 n-6, and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA C22:6 n-6). There were also significant differences in total PUFA n-3, PUFA n-6, and n-6/n-3 ratio in eggs. The obtained results suggest that the use of algae extract and emulsifier in laying hens nutrition has the greatest impact on the FA profile in the eggs.

scholarly journals 166 Fate of pentoses in the small intestine and hindgut of growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 95-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerubella J Abelilla ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses that pentoses absorbed from the small intestine of pigs reduce energy utilization and that pentoses that reach the hindgut are fermented. In Exp. 1, 24 barrows (9.95 ± 0.51 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a completely randomized design with 3 diets that contained 15% glucose, 15% xylose, or 15% arabinose. Ileal digesta, feces, and urine were collected from all pigs. Data were analyzed via ANOVA using the Proc Mixed Procedure of SAS. No differences among diets were observed for apparent total tract digestibility of GE or for DE, but ME in xylose and arabinose diets was reduced (P < 0.01) compared with the glucose diet (Table 1) indicating that xylose and arabinose that are absorbed from the small intestine are excreted in the urine. In Exp. 2, 21 barrows (18.02 ± 1.1 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 7 pigs per treatment. A diet based on corn starch, casein, and 15% glucose was fed for 11 d. On d 4 through 11, saline, xylose, or arabinose (3% of the daily feed) was infused into the cecum of pigs via an ileal cannula, and feces and urine were collected. Data were analyzed as in Exp. 1. Infused xylose or arabinose was not detected in feces of the pigs infused with pentoses indicating that pentoses are fully fermented in the hindgut (Table 1). In conclusion, dietary free pentoses are absorbed prior to the end of the small intestine, but partially excreted in the urine, and therefore may reduce energy utilization. If pentoses are liberated in the hindgut, they may contribute to the energy status of the pig by being fermented with a subsequent absorption of short chained fatty acids.

Extraction of Lipid-Protein Complexes from Egg Yolk

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-978
Author(s):  
J G Navarro ◽  
F Borie ◽  
J Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Yolk Protein ◽  
Residual Lipid ◽  
Mode Of Attachment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract A residual lipid which is not removed by solvent extraction was detected and determined after enzymatic hydrolysis of defatted egg yolk protein. Free fatty acids were found to be the type of lipid bonded to the egg yolk protein. The mode of attachment of these fatty acids to the egg yolk protein is suggested and the composition of the fatty acids is reported.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF Citrus hystryx AS FAT PROTECTOR ON UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, CHOLESTEROL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LAMB MEAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Tiven ◽  
I. P. Siwa ◽  
L. Joris
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Lamb Meat ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Citrus hystrix as fat protector on unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol and chemical composition of lamb meat. The research design applied was completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replications. Fifteen local male lambs aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg, were divided into 3 groups of different diet treatments (P0 : sheeps were only given a basal diet; P1 : sheeps are given basal diet and 3% cooking oil; P2 : sheeps are given basal diet, 3% cooking oil and protected by 3% Citrus hystrix powder). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance, the differences among treatments were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The results showed meat from sheeps that consume P2 diet has a total fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids content were higher (P

Enzymatic hydrolysis of rapeseed oil with a non-GMO lipase: A strategy to substitute mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids and improve the softness of sponge cakes

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 110405
Author(s):  
Aurélie Monié ◽  
Annabelle David ◽  
Karine Clemens ◽  
Myriam Malet-Martino ◽  
Stéphane Balayssac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Lipase A ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Substrate and seed sowing position on the production of Plukenetia volubilis L. seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane S. Jeromini ◽  
Ana S. V. Barbosa ◽  
Givanildo Z. da Silva ◽  
Cibele C. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Position ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Plukenetia volubilis is a species native to the Amazonia and has economic potential due to the high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins of the seeds; however, information about production of seedlings in nursery is scarce. Factors that contribute to fast emergence and generation of vigorous seedlings are desirable for plant production in the nursery. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most favorable substrate and seed position for the production of P. volubilis seedlings. The seeds were sown in the following four positions: hilum facing up, hilum facing down, seed lying on its cotyledon suture, and seed lying flat on one of its cotyledon faces. The substrates were sand, vermiculite and commercial substrate. Treatments were distributed according to a completely randomized design in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement (seed position and substrate) with three replicates of 25 seeds each. The following variables were evaluated: emergence percentage; first count of seedlings; number, width and length of leaves; plant height; stem diameter; dry matter of shoots and roots. It was concluded that the production of P. volubilis seedlings is not affected by either substrate or seed position at sowing. The substrates most favorable to the quality of P. volubilis seedlings were the commercial substrate and vermiculite, always for the positions of seed lying on its cotyledon suture, with faces parallel to tube walls, and seed lying flat on one of its faces.

Application of Benzyl Ester of Modified Vegetable Oils as Rubber Processing Oils

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1164-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasleena Boontawee ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman ◽  
Anoma Thitithammawong ◽  
Sopa Chewchanwuttiwong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Benzyl Ester ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Benzyl Esters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Benzyl esters of fatty acids based on three types of vegetable oils (i.e., coconut, palm, and soybean oils) were in-house prepared. They were used as alternative rubber processing oil to replace conventional aromatic oil which has been banned by European community since December 2009. Fatty acids were first prepared by hydrolysis of vegetable oils and thereafter esterified with benzyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The reaction based on molar ratio of fatty acid:benzyl alcohol:sulfuric acid was set at 1.5:1.0:0.05 gave yield of benzyl esters higher than 80%. Rubber compounds containing different types of benzyl ester were prepared according to the standard formulation of ASTM 3184. It was found that the processing oil in the form of benzyl esters is possible to use instead of aromatic oil in rubber formulation. Various parameters and properties include mixing energy, Mooney viscosity, curing, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of rubber compounds and vulcanizates have been investigated.

scholarly journals Effect of Butyrylated Arrowroot Starch to the Digesta Profile and Molar Ratio SCFA

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Damat Damat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Arrowroot Starch

The research was conducted to determine the effects of Butyrylated Arrowroot Starch (BAS) to the digesta profile and Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) molar ratio. The research was conducted by using simple complete randomized design (CRD). The treatment tested was feed type, which consists of 5 levels, namely natural arrowroot starch, BAS with Degree of Substitution (DS) 0.053; 0.120; 0.187 and AIN93 natural feed. The study was conducted by using 30 Sprague Dawley rats, which were divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 6 tails. Feeding treatments were given from dayseven until day 33. On day-34 analysis was conductedof the digesta profile and the SCFA molar ratio. Based on the analysis results, it is known that BAS feeding increased digesta weight, decreased digesta pH and increased digesta water content when compared with the AIN93 standard feed. Largest amount of digesta, lowest digesta pH, and highest water content of digesta, respectively 7.19 g, 6.53 and 91.23%, wasobtained from rats fed BAS with DS 0.187. The molar ratio of butyric acid in digesta also increased along with the increasing BAS DS.<strong><em></em></strong><em></em>

scholarly journals Characteristic of Protein Hydrolyzate of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Head by Using the Treatment of Different Bromelin Enzyme Concentration and Hydrolysis Time

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Sri Udayana Tartar ◽  
M Mahendradatta ◽  
Prof. Mursalim ◽  
Prof. Adiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Protein Hydrolyzate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Channa Striata ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) has fairly high protein content; hence it has the potential to be utilized as a fish protein hydrolyzate. Fish protein hydrolyzate has great benefits in a food sector; therefore in order to obtain functional food products from fish that meet the standards and to utilize snakehead fish head, then enzymatic hydrolyzate products are made using bromelin enzymes. The research was aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of protein hydrolysates of snakehead fish head. It uses a laboratory experimental using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA with further testing to determine whether or not the value was influential with Tukey test. The treatment applied was the difference in protein hydrolyzate of snakehead fish head, i.e the weight of head meat of snakehead fish given the treatment of bromelin enzymes with different percentages (6, 8 and 10%) and with different hydrolysis times (8, 10 and 12 hours). The results of research showed that the best result of treatment were obtained on 10% bromelin enzyme by temperature hydrolysis of 600C for 8 hours with the criteria of a brownish-yellow protein hydrolyzate, and having a water content of 80.40 - 77.79 %, ash 0.65 - 0.12%, protein 21.11 - 18.49%, fat 0.84 - 0.65%, yield 52.22 - 43.69%, pH 7.0 - 6.7, brightness 29.93 -23.13.

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