scholarly journals Evaluation of strong ground motion for Yogyakarta depression area, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myo Thant ◽  
Subagyo Pramumijoyo ◽  
Heru Hendrayana ◽  
Hiroshi Kawase ◽  
Agus Darmawan Adi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Seismic Hazard Maps ◽  
Strong Ground

The probabilistic seismic hazard maps are developed for Yogyakarta depression area. The earthquake catalog of ANSS (1970-2007) is taken into account with the complement of NEIC (USGS, 1973-2007) and the records of BMG (2000-2004). On the basis of seismicity of the area, tectonics and geological information, the seismic source zones are characterized for this area. The seismicity parameters of each seismic source are determined by applying the classical Gutenberg-Richter recurrence model, regarding the historical records. The attenuation relation for Yogyakarta depression area cannot be evaluated since the sufficient strong ground motion records are not available for this region. Therefore the attenuation relations which were developed for other territories as Europe and Japan are used for the present hazard calculation by validating, using the aftershocks records, modeling the peak ground acceleration maps for the recent event, 27 May, 2006, Yogyakarta earthquake inserting the damage area distribution pattern. The probabilistic seismic hazard maps are finally developed by using the McGuire (1976) EQRISK computer program by modifying for the present purpose. The seismic hazard maps expressed in term of peak ground acceleration are developed for the recurrence intervals of 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 years

Probabilistic seismic hazard maps for California do not perform better relative to historical shaking data when site-specific VS30 is considered

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Gallahue ◽  
Leah Salditch ◽  
Madeleine Lucas ◽  
James Neely ◽  
Susan Hough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Seismic Hazard Maps ◽  
Intensity Mapping ◽  
Aleatory Variability

<div> <p>Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments forecast levels of earthquake shaking that should be exceeded with only a certain probability over a given period of time are important for earthquake hazard mitigation. These rely on assumptions about when and where earthquakes will occur, their size, and the resulting shaking as a function of distance as described by ground-motion models (GMMs) that cover broad geologic regions. Seismic hazard maps are used to develop building codes.</p> </div><div> <p>To explore the robustness of maps’ shaking forecasts, we consider how maps hindcast past shaking. We have compiled the California Historical Intensity Mapping Project (CHIMP) dataset of the maximum observed seismic intensity of shaking from the largest Californian earthquakes over the past 162 years. Previous comparisons between the maps for a constant V<sub>S30</sub> (shear-wave velcoity in the top 30 m of soil) of 760 m/s and CHIMP based on several metrics suggested that current maps overpredict shaking.</p> <p>The differences between the V<sub>S30</sub> at the CHIMP sites and the reference value of 760 m/s could amplify or deamplify the ground motions relative to the mapped values. We evaluate whether the V<sub>S30 </sub>at the CHIMP sites could cause a possible bias in the models. By comparison with the intensity data in CHIMP, we find that using site-specific V<sub>S30</sub> does not improve map performance, because the site corrections cause only minor differences from the original 2018 USGS hazard maps at the short periods (high frequencies) relevant to peak ground acceleration and hence MMI. The minimal differences reflect the fact that the nonlinear deamplification due to increased soil damping largely offsets the linear amplification due to low V<sub>S30</sub>. The net effects will be larger for longer periods relevant to tall buildings, where net amplification occurs. </p> <div> <p>Possible reasons for this discrepancy include limitations of the dataset, a bias in the hazard models, an over-estimation of the aleatory variability of the ground motion or that seismicity throughout the historical period has been lower than the long-term average, perhaps by chance due to the variability of earthquake recurrence. Resolving this discrepancy, which is also observed in Italy and Japan, could improve the performance of seismic hazard maps and thus earthquake safety for California and, by extension, worldwide. We also explore whether new nonergodic GMMs, with reduced aleatory variability, perform better than presently used ergodic GMMs compared to historical data.</p> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Seismic hazard maps of Peshawar District for various return periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1639-1661
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Usman Khan ◽  
Qaiser Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Seismic Hazard Maps

Abstract. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Peshawar District has been performed for a grid size of 0.01∘. The seismic sources for the target location are defined as the area polygon with uniform seismicity. The earthquake catalogue was developed based on the earthquake data obtained from different worldwide seismological networks and historical records. The earthquake events obtained at different magnitude scales were converted into moment magnitude using indigenous catalogue-specific regression relationships. The homogenized catalogue was subdivided into shallow crustal and deep-subduction-zone earthquake events. The seismic source parameters were obtained using the bounded Gutenberg–Richter recurrence law. Seismic hazard maps were prepared for peak horizontal acceleration at bedrock level using different ground motion attenuation relationships. The study revealed the selection of an appropriate ground motion prediction equation is crucial for defining the seismic hazard of Peshawar District. The inclusion of deep subduction earthquakes does not add significantly to the seismic hazard for design base ground motions. The seismic hazard map developed for shallow crustal earthquakes, including also the epistemic uncertainty, was in close agreement with the map given in the Building Code of Pakistan Seismic Provisions (2007) for a return period of 475 years on bedrock. The seismic hazard maps for other return periods i.e., 50, 100, 250, 475 and 2500 years, are also presented.

scholarly journals Seismic hazard maps of Peshawar district for various return periods

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Usman Khan ◽  
Qaiser Iqbal ◽  
Naveed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Earthquake Catalogues ◽  
Seismic Hazard Maps

Abstract. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Peshawar District has been conducted in for a grid size of 0.01. The seismic sources for the target location are defined as the area polygon with uniform seismicity for which, the earthquake catalogues were obtained from different worldwide seismological network data. The earthquake catalogues obtained in different magnitude scale was converted into moment magnitude using regression analysis. The homogenized catalogue was then further subdivided into shallow crustal and deep subduction zone earthquake events for which, the seismic source parameters were obtained using Bounded Gutenberg-Richter Recurrence law. The seismic hazard maps were prepared in term of PGA at bedrock using the different ground motion attenuation relationships. The study shows that; the selection of appropriate ground motion prediction equation is an important factor in deciding the seismic hazard of Peshawar District. The inclusion of deep subduction earthquake does not add significantly to the seismic hazard. The calculated seismic hazard map for shallow crustal earthquake after including the epistemic uncertainty was in close agreement to that developed by BCP-2007 for a return period of 475 years on bedrock. The seismic hazard maps for other return periods i.e., 50, 100, 250, 475 and 2500 years were then prepared.

scholarly journals Relationships between macroseismic intensity and peak ground acceleration and velocity for the Vrancea (Romania) subcrustal earthquakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. SE432
Author(s):  
Iren-Adelina Moldovan ◽  
Angela Petruta Constantin ◽  
Raluca Partheniu ◽  
Bogdan Grecu ◽  
Constantin Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Macroseismic Intensity ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Ground Motion Parameters ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Subcrustal Earthquakes ◽  
Strong Ground

The goal of this paper is to develop a new empirical relationship between observed macroseismic intensity and strong ground motion parameters such as peak ground acceleration (PGA) and velocity (PGV) for the Vrancea subcrustal earthquakes. The recent subcrustal earthquakes provide valuable data to examine these relationships for Vrancea seismogenic region. This region is one of the most active seismic zones in Europe and it is well-known for the strong subcrustal earthquakes. We examine the correlation between the strong ground-motion records and the observed intensities for major and moderate earthquakes with Mw ≥ 5.4 and epicentral intensity in the range VI to IX MSK degrees that occurred in Vrancea zone in the period 1977-2009. The empirical relationships between maximum intensity and ground parameters obtained and published by various authors have shown that these parameters do not always show a one-to-one correspondence, and the errors associated with the intensity estimation from PGA/PGV are sometimes +/-2 MSK degree. In the present study, the relation between macroseismic intensity and PGA/PGV will be given both as a mathematical equation, but also as corresponding ground motion intervals. Because of the intensity data spreading and errors related to mathematical approximations, it is necessary to systematically monitor not only the acceleration and velocity but also all the other ground motion parameters. The mathematical relation between these parameters might be used for the rapid assessment of ground shaking severity and potential damages in the areas affected by the Vrancea earthquakes.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF SUBSURFACE STRUCTURE BASED ON MICROTREMOR, BORE HOLE OBSERVATIONS AND STOCHASTIC STRONG GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS IN PALU CITY, CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA: A VALIDATION AND SENSITIVITY STUDY ON THE 23 JANUARY 2005 (PALU) EARTHQUAKE

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pyi Soe Thein ◽  
Subagyo Pramumijoyo ◽  
Wahyu Wilopo ◽  
Agung Setianto ◽  
Kirbani Sri Brotopuspito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motion ◽  
Subsurface Structure ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Strong Ground

In this study, we investigated the subsurface structure and strong ground motion parameters for Palu City. One of the major structures in Central Sulawesi is the Palu-Koro Fault system. Several powerful earthquakes have struck along the Palu-Koro Fault during recent years, one of the largest of which was an M 6.3 event that occurred on January 23, 2005 and caused several casualties. Following the event, we conducted a microtremor survey to estimate the shaking intensity distribution during the earthquake. From this survey we produced a map of the peak ground acceleration, velocity and ground shear strain in Palu City. We performed single observations of microtremors at 151 sites in Palu City. The results enabled us to estimate the site-dependent shaking characteristics of earthquake ground motion. We also conducted 8-site microtremor array investigation to gain a representative determination of the soil condition of subsurface structures in Palu. From the dispersion curve of array observations, the central business district of Palu corresponds to relatively soil condition with Vs ≤ 300 m/s, the predominant periods due to horizontal vertical ratios (HVSRs) are in the range of 0.4 to 1.8 s and the resonant frequency are in the range of 0.7 to 3.3 Hz. Three boreholes were throughout the basin especially in Palu area to evaluate the geotechnical properties of subsurface soil layers. The depths are varying from 1 m to 30 m. Strong ground motions of the Palu area were predicted based on the empirical stochastic green’s function method. Peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity becomes more than 0.04 g and 30 kine in some areas, which causes severe damage for buildings in high probability. Keywords: Palu-Koro fault, microtremor, bore holes, peak ground acceleration and velocity.

Ground Motion Models Used in the 2014 U.S. National Seismic Hazard Maps

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S59-S84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Rezaeian ◽  
Mark D. Petersen ◽  
Morgan P. Moschetti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Seismic Hazard Maps ◽  
Motion Models ◽  
Ground Motion Models

The National Seismic Hazard Maps (NSHMs) are an important component of seismic design regulations in the United States. This paper compares hazard using the new suite of ground motion models (GMMs) relative to hazard using the suite of GMMs applied in the previous version of the maps. The new source characterization models are used for both cases. A previous paper ( Rezaeian et al. 2014 ) discussed the five NGA-West2 GMMs used for shallow crustal earthquakes in the Western United States (WUS), which are also summarized here. Our focus in this paper is on GMMs for earthquakes in stable continental regions in the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS), as well as subduction interface and deep intraslab earthquakes. We consider building code hazard levels for peak ground acceleration (PGA), 0.2-s, and 1.0-s spectral accelerations (SAs) on uniform firm-rock site conditions. The GMM modifications in the updated version of the maps created changes in hazard within 5% to 20% in WUS; decreases within 5% to 20% in CEUS; changes within 5% to 15% for subduction interface earthquakes; and changes involving decreases of up to 50% and increases of up to 30% for deep intraslab earthquakes for most U.S. sites. These modifications were combined with changes resulting from modifications in the source characterization models to obtain the new hazard maps.

On strong ground motion estimates based on models of the radiated spectrum

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649
Author(s):  
J. Enrique Luco
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Spectral Model ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Strong Ground ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Estimates for peak ground acceleration and velocity were obtained by use of the approach of Hanks and McGuire (1981) and Boore (1983) for a model of the radiated spectrum corresponding to Brune's ω−2 source model modified by an exponentially decreasing function of frequency. This modification was suggested by the work of Anderson and Hough (1984) on spectral amplitudes. For this spectral model, it was found that it is not possible to determine a value for the stress drop parameter such that agreement with data is obtained for both peak accelerations and velocities. This finding contrasts with that of Boore (1983) who found good agreement with data by introducing an artificial cut-off frequency of 15 Hz.

scholarly journals Probabilistic seismic hazard maps for the North Balkan region

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. W. Musson
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Seismic Hazard Maps ◽  
The North ◽  
Seismic Source Model

A set of seismic hazard maps, expressed as horizontal peak ground acceleration, have been computed for a large area of Central and Eastern Europe covering the North Balkan area (Former Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania). These are based on: a) a compound earthquake catalogue for the region; b) a seismic source model of 50 zones compiled on the basis of tectonic divisions and seismicity, and c) a probabilistic methodology using stochastic (Monte Carlo) modelling. It is found that the highest hazard in the region comes from intermediate focus earthquakes occurring in the Vrancea seismic zone; here the hazard exceeds 0.4 g at return periods of 475 years. Special account has been taken of the directional nature of attenuation from this source.

Special Issue on Strong Ground Motion Prediction and Seismic Hazard Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-847
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Strong Ground Motion Prediction ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Strong Ground

We have been conducting seismic hazard assessment for Japan under the guidance of the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion of Japan since the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake, and have made National Seismic Hazard Maps for Japan for use in estimating strong ground motion caused by future earthquakes. This special issue reviews the results of these efforts. Such work includes the development of seismic hazard assessment methodology for Japan, highly accurate prediction techniques for strong seismic ground motion and modeling underground structures for evaluating strong ground motion. Related research on utilization initiatives and risk assessment based on hazard information has also been conducted. An open Web system – the Japan Seismic Hazard Information Station (J-SHIS) – has even been developed to provide information interactively. The 2011 Mw9.0 Great East Japan Earthquake was the largest such event recorded in the history of Japan. This megathrust earthquake was not considered in National Seismic Hazard Maps for Japan. But efforts toward revising seismic hazard assessment in Japan are progressing based on lessons learned from this earthquake. Hazard assessment is currently being reviewed in relation to the large earthquakes anticipated to occur in the near future based in the Sagami Trough and the Nankai Trough in the waters of offshore Japan. This assessment, which considers earthquakes larger than those assumed to have occurred in the past, is being reviewed as of this writing. In light of these pressing circumstances, studies are now being implemented to evaluate the long-period ground motion accompanying these large earthquakes. The knowledge that has been cultivated in Japan in terms of seismic hazard assessment has reached a high level, and it is important to expand such knowledge both internationally and domestically. This is just one of the reasons that efforts here in Japan are being made to help improve the level of seismic hazard assessment in the Asian region and throughout the entire world. It is expected that this special issue will help contribute to the further development of strong ground motion prediction and seismic hazard assessment now and in the future. Finally, I extend our sincere thanks to all of the contributors and reviewers involved with these articles.

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