scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE FROM RICE HUSK

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
KHEMJIRA JARMKOM ◽  
WARACHATE KHOBJAI ◽  
SURACHAI TEACHAOEI ◽  
DUANGRATANA SHUWISITKUL
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Husk Rice ◽  
Composition Changes

Objective: The purpose of this research was to produce carboxymethyl cellulose from rice husk (CMCRH) and used it as a raw material in food orhealth products.Methods: Cellulose was extracted from husk rice and converted to CMC (CMCRH) using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid inisopropanol (C3H8O).Results: CMCRH was characterized for chemical composition and morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Microscopy analysis showed thatchemical composition changes with increasing sodium content (Na-). Likewise, morphology has changed. Physicochemical and viscosity tests showedthat were similar properties compare with commercial CMC.Conclusion: CMC is derived cellulose that is used in products for various applications. RH is an agricultural waste that is carried out to synthesize CMC(CMCRH). Finally, CMCRH has the potential to be used in raw materials in food or health products which biodegradable material.

scholarly journals WOOD COMPONENTS AS SOURCES OF PENTO-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS FOR SYNTHESIS OF USEFUL COMPOUNDS, PRODUCTS AND REAGENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Irina A. Chetvertneva ◽  
Oleg Kh. Karimov ◽  
Galina A. Teptereva ◽  
Natalia S. Tivas ◽  
Eldar M. Movsumzade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Monomer Unit ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Wood Processing

The paper considers the main components and products of wood processing, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry waste and qualifies them as sources of pentose-containing resource-renewable domestic raw materials. The article describes in detail the structural components of wood as a natural polymer, which contains aromatic and carbohydrate parts. It is noted that these poly-mers are promising as raw materials for the production of useful chemical products. The role of lignin, cellolose and hemicellulose in the design of mechanical and structural properties of wood is considered. The article considers the features of the sulfonation reactions of the lignin monomer unit depending on the pH of the medium: acidic, neutral and alkaline. There are three main reac-tions that occur simultaneously with lignin in the process of wood delignification during sulfite cooking, such as the sulfonation reaction, the hydrolytic destruction reaction, and the condensation reaction. It is shown that the lignin-hemicellulose matrix contains three types of interconnected mesh structures: the lignin itself; a network of covalent bonds of lignin with hemicelluloses, and a network whose structure is obtained due to the hydrogen bond and the forces of the physical inter-action of lignin and hemicelluloses. The features of chemical transformations of the monomeric aromatic link of lignosulfonate – phenylpropane unit in the processes of wood delignification, the main chemical reactions of wood raw material delignification under the conditions of sulfite and neutral-sulfite brews are shown. The method of quantitative determination of monosaccharides in the composition of the carbohydrate part is proposed.

Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis for Corncob Particles Briquettes: A Literature Review of the Utilization of Agricultural Waste and Analysis Calculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Nissa Nur Azizah ◽  
Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Scale Production

Corncob is usually disposed of directly as waste, creating problems in the environment, while it can be converted into valuable materials. This research aimed to evaluate the literature review on briquette production from agricultural waste (using non-binder and cold press with a binder) and the current works on techno-economic analysis, to propose an optimal design for the production of briquette from corncob waste, and to perform a techno-economic analysis based on the selected optimal processing method. The engineering perspective based on stoichiometry and mass balance showed the potential corncob briquette manufacture in both home and large scales due to the possible use of inexpensive and commercially available equipment and raw materials. The economic perspective [based on several economic evaluation factors (i.e., gross profit margin, payback period, break-even point, cumulative net present value, return of investment, internal rate return, and profitability index) under ideal and non-ideal conditions by considering internal (i.e., sales, raw materials, utilities, and variable cost) and external aspects (i.e., tax)] confirmed the prospective development of the project in the large-scale production with a lifetime of more than 18 years. The main issue in the project is the raw material (i.e. tapioca flour), giving the most impact on the project’s feasibility. Even in severe conditions, the project is feasible. The great endurance was also confirmed in the case of a higher tax rate. This study demonstrates the importance of producing corncob-based briquettes for improving the economic value and giving alternatives for problem solvers in the utilization of agricultural waste.

Use of Water Glass from Rice Husk and Bagasse Ashes in the Preparation of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khemmakorn Gomonsirisuk ◽  
Parjaree Thavorniti
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Preparation Process

The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of preparation of fly ash based geopolymer using sodium water glass from agricultural waste as alternative activators. Rice husk ash and bagasse ash were used as raw materials for producing sodium water glass solution. The sodium water glass were produced by mixing rice husk ash and bagasse ash with NaOH in ball mill and boiling. The prepared sodium water glass were analyzed and used in geopolymer preparation process. The geopolymer paste were prepared by adding the obtained water glass and NaOH with fly ash. After cured at ambient temperature for 7 days, mechanical properties were investigated. Bonding and phases of the geopolymer were also characterized. The geopolymer from rice husk ash presented highest compressive strength about 23 MPa while the greatest for bagasse ash was about 16 MPa.

scholarly journals Integrated use of technogenic raw materials in cement technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
L.P. Chernyak ◽  
L.I. Melnyk ◽  
N.O. Dorogan ◽  
I.A. Goloukh
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

This work used a combination of modern physico-chemical research methods with standardized testing of technological and operational properties of raw materials, clinker, cement and compositions with its application. Results over of research of the silicate systems with rice husk and ash-fly as technogenic raw material for making of cement clinker are driven. The features of the chemical-mineralogical composition, phase transformations during burning and astringent properties of material at the use of 42,5-50,5 % industry wastes in composition initial raw material mixtures are shown. The object of the study were raw material mixtures for the production of Portland cement clinker based on the systems of chalk - clay - man-made raw materials and chalk - man-made raw materials. The possibility of replacing exhaustible and non-renewable natural raw materials with a complex of multi-tonnage wastes of agro-industry and heat energy, which meets the objectives of expanding the raw material base of cement production, resource conservation and environmental protection. Peculiarities of phase formation during firing of silicate systems of chalk-polymineral clay and chalk-technogenic raw materials taking into account changes in the quantitative ratio of components, in particular rice husk and ash-removal of thermal power plants are noted.

scholarly journals Utilization of Rice Husk Waste for Paper Raw Materials as An Arabic Calligraphy Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zarnuji ◽  
Hanif Amrulloh ◽  
Isnaini Nur Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Asset Based Community Development ◽  
Arabic Calligraphy

Rice husk is an organic waste found in Indonesia as a raw material for paper products. The society has not yet realized that the material could also be a medium of Arabic calligraphy. This research-based community service action aims to introduce the benefits of rice husk as a raw material for making paper. To practice the production of paper from rice husk as the basis for making Arabic calligraphy art, so it is needed to make a business community of paper production from rice husk based on Arabic calligraphy. By using the Asset-Based Community Development method, the community mentoring process is carried out by helping the business community of rice husk paper based on Arabic calligraphy during the production to the marketing process. To control the quality of the art of Arabic calligraphy, the EL-KA Lampung calligraphy community was involved. The result shows that the Arabic calligraphy created by the assisted community has high artistic value with different textures from rice husk paper, then it was created a rice husk paper business community based on Arabic calligraphy.

scholarly journals Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Agrienvi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Simple Technology

Energy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries toimmediately produce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are analternative energy source. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pelletsfrom the exploitation waste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps,sawdust and bark, agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce ahigher economic value. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energyneeds. The opportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests inIndonesia and the large amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitationwaste. Equipment, raw materials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to thepublic so that they can be applied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material formaking pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

scholarly journals Production of briquettes from Indonesia agricultural biomass waste by using pyrolysis process and comparing the characteristics

Eksergi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyu Murni ◽  
Tutik Muji Setyoningrum ◽  
Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Stem Wood

Indonesia biomass waste is a potential feedstock as a source of renewable energy since it can be converted into carcoal briquettes. However, the production of the briquettes using pyrolysis process using the agricultural waste was lacking. In this research, briquette was made from palm shells,  corncob and soybean stem wood due to its high availability and have high cellulose content. The purpose of this research was to produce briquettes from three kind of raw materials by employing pyrolysis process and compared the characteristics. The briquette was made from different type of raw materials (palm shells, corncob and soybean stem) and  the concentration of binder : 3-7 %. Pyrolysis was done at  500 °C, and 100 kg / cm2 of pressing pressure. Results showed that, the best charcoal briquette was achieved from palm shells by using 5% binder, which resulted 4,1% moisture content, 3.4% ash content,  15% volatile matter content, 77.5% carbon content,  7075 cal/g calorific value and  1.4 kg/cm2 compresive strength. It is found that the concentration of binder and raw material influenced the quality of the briquettes. In overall, the production of the briquettes by employing pyrolysis method could meet the standard.

scholarly journals The utilization demineralized rice husk waste for biofuel source via pyrolysis: thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 05019
Author(s):  
Hesti Wijayanti ◽  
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata ◽  
Rinny Jelita
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Nitric Acid Solution ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Solutions

Rice husk is considered as agricultural waste that causes environmental problem during its handling. In this study, rice husk was treated with acid (citric acid and nitric acid) solutions prior used as raw material for producing biofuel and chemicals via pyrolysis. The pyrolysis behaviors of rice husk treated with water and acid solutions have been investigated through thermogravimetric analysis from room temperature to 600 oC at the heating rate of 10oC/min under 50 ml/min nitrogen flow. Demineralization treatment using strong acid (nitric acid) solution showed more impacts to the rice husk in thermogravimetric analysis, i.e. lower ash content, less minerals content and thermal stability increased. One step model kinetic resulted the lowest activation energy (12.8709 kJ/mol) occured at the 5% nitric acid solution treatment. Excellent agreement between the experimental data and model predictions was found with 8.63% of the relative error. In other words, demineralization using 5% nitric acid solution would improve rice husk performance during its pyrolysis reaction for producing biofuel.

TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN DAN PEMANFAATAN KARBON AKTIF UNTUK INDUSTRI

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Effendi Arsad
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petroleum Chemical ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Chemical Materials

The  activated carbon is very important  for has  processed product activated carbon.   In south Kalimantan has a big prospects due to the big potential of the raw material provided by the nature and industrial waste. There are a lot of raw materials that can be used for the manufacture of activated carbon such as  agricultural waste, sugarcane waste, waste of sawn timber, lives stock waste and coal  processing waste.Manufacture of activated carbon can be done in  ways: chemical  and physical processes. Activation  is very important in the manufacture of activated carbon in addition to the raw materials used. Activated carbon is charcoal that has undergone changes in chemical properties  and physical properties due to be activated with the activator chemical materials or can by heating at high temperatures, so that absorption , surface area, and the ability to absorb become as very good. Activated carbon is used as an absorbent to absorb heavy metals, in medicine and food, on liquor, petroleum chemical, shrimp farming, the sugar industry of gas purification, catalyst and fertilizer processing.Key wood :  technology  processed, activated carbon

scholarly journals Variasi Jenis dan Ukuran Bahan pada Kompos Blok Berbasis Limbah Pertanian sebagai Media Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 085-095
Author(s):  
Elida Novita ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih ◽  
Fila Adilia Minandasari ◽  
Hendra Andiananta Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Composting Process

ABSTRACT Agricultural waste is an organic material source. The organic matter was processed as compost. Compost block was one of composting technology developments. It has functioned as a planting medium. The type and size of raw materials are essential in the composting process. The purpose of this study was to examine variations in types and sizes of organic materials for compost blocks on the composting process and as a growth medium for chili plants. This study used a completely random design with two variables. The first variable was the variation of raw material type, i.e., coffee husk and pulp, tobacco petiole, and rice husk. The second variable was the variation of raw material size, i.e., 10, 40, and 80 mesh. The research data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test conducted with the Duncan test. The research data test show that compost from rice husks had the most C/N value of 19.71. The raw material on optimally composting refers to temperature and humidity parameters as rice husk. The most effective compost block as a planting medium is a rice husk with the size of 40 mesh. The variance analysis result showed the rice husk treatment with the size material of 0.06 cm had significant differences in the three parameters of vegetative growth of plants, i.e., plant growth rate, leaf growth rate, and leaf area. Keyword: composting, coffee husk and pulp,tabbaco petiole, rice husk, organic matter   ABSTRAK Limbah pertanian merupakan salah satu sumber bahan organik. Bahan organik tersebut berpotensi digunakan sebagai kompos. Kompos blok merupakan salah satu pengembangan teknologi pengomposan. Kompos ini digunakan sebagai media tanam. Jenis dan ukuran bahan baku berperan penting pada proses pengomposan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji variasi jenis dan ukuran pada bahan-bahan organik untuk kompos blok terhadap proses pengomposan dan sebagai media pertumbuhan tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancang acak lengkap dengan dua variabel. Variabel pertama adalah jenis bahan baku kompos meliputi kulit kopi, limbah tangkai daun tembakau, dan sekam padi. Variabel kedua adalah variasi ukuran dengan menggunakan ayakan 10, 40, dan 80 mesh. Data hasil pengukuran dianalisis menggunakan uji Analysis of Variance yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil pengujian unsur hara menunjukkan bahwa kompos dari sekam padi memiliki nilai C/N sebesar 19,71. Pengomposan bahan yang berjalan optimal berdasarkan parameter suhu dan kelembaban adalah sekam padi. Kompos blok yang paling efektif sebagai media tanam berdasarkan parameter laju jumlah daun adalah limbah sekam padi ukuran 40 mesh. Hasil uji Analysis of Variance menujukkan bahwa pelakuan ukuran sekam padi sebesar 0,06 cm memiliki perbedaan nyata terhadap tiga parameter pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman, yaitu laju tinggi tanaman, laju jumlah daun, dan luas daun. Kata Kuci : pengomposan, kulit buah kopi, limbah tangkai tembakau, sekam padi, bahan organik

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