scholarly journals Самовольные переселенческие рыбацкие поселения на калмыцких землях (вторая половина XVIII–XIX в.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-696
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Belousov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The State ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
State Archives

Introduction. The article aims at analyzing the state policy regarding unauthorized fishing settlements of migrants on the Kalmyk pasturesin the period between the second half of the 18th and 19th cc. to better understand the processes of historical development of the Caspian territories of Kalmykia and of the Russian Caspian region. Accordingly, the lines of research were as follows: to examine the causes for unauthorized settlements and the dynamics of the state policies in the region, to study the migrants (settlers) in terms of the irethnicity, social class, and occupation, as well as their relationship with the authorities. Data and methods. The study was based on materials of the Russian State Historical Archives, the State Archives of the Astrakhan Region, the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia, and published sources. Both historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were employed for the analysis of the data. Results. The author investigated the history of each of the unauthorized fishing settlement, the migrants’ backgrounds in terms of ethnicity, social class, and occupation, and the government’s policies in relation to the migrants. The study shows that such settlements were related to the growth of fishing industry in the region and, partly, to the government’s military and policing practices on the coast of the Caspian Sea. The authorities began to deal seriously with the problem of unauthorized fishing settlements on the Kalmyk pastures from the mid-19thcentury, with the start of transformation in the fishing industry. At the turn of the 20th century, the settlements were removed from the control of the Kalmyk authorities and were legalized, then, the process of their administrative-territorial and land structuring was started to finally complete in the second decade of the 20thcentury. Conclusions. The policy of the authorities in relation to unauthorized fishing settlements on the Kalmyk pastures differed from that in other areas of the Kalmyk steppe. In Mochagi, the authorities did not insist on the removal of such unauthorized settlements and negotiated with the settlers, and only if the latter rejected the proposed solutions for staying on the Kalmyk pastures, the question about their eviction was raised. Such policies on the problem of settlements on the coastal strip of the Caspian Sea, namely in Mochagi, were justified by the interests of the fishing industry to prevent any harmful effect in case of removal of villages and their inhabitants.

scholarly journals Food Supply to the Residents of Stalingrad During the Period of Industrialization (Late 1920s – Mid-1930s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Andrei Lunochkin ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Furman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The City

Introduction. This article examines the problem of food supply for the residents of Stalingrad in the late 1920s – mid-1930s, i.e. during the period of industrialization. Methods and materials. The authors use the historical-descriptive (idiographic), historical-genetic, historical-comparative methods, as well as quantitative methods in the study of statistical sources. In the course of the research, documentary materials of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the State Archives of Volgograd Region, and the Center for Documentation of the Contemporary History of Volgograd Region were used to illustrate the main methods and directions for resolving the food problem in the city of Stalingrad in the late 1920s – first half of the 1930s. Analysis and results. The first five-year plan brought to citizens a sharp deterioration in food supply. Having refused to take economic measures the city authorities were forced to introduce a standardized distribution on the ration books of workers’ cooperatives. In 1931, Stalingrad as an important industrial center was included by the government in the list of the cities, which were supplied with basic products in a centralized manner. However, problems with food remained until the abolition of the card system in 1935. Interruptions in the supply of even standardized products, giant queues for them were the result not only of insufficient allocation of resources, but also of the unwillingness of the cooperative and state trade system to work effectively in the new conditions. The city’s population also grew too rapidly due to the peasants fleeing from the countryside, which contributed to the food shortage. The creation of subsidiary farms at large enterprises, the organization of collective farm fairs also did not lead to a noticeable result. The goal stated in the resolution of 1931 to bring the food supply of Stalingrad workers closer to the level of Moscow and Leningrad turned out to be unattainable. Some improvements in the food situation occurred only in autumn 1934, when a good harvest allowed the government to fulfill the state supplies, but the problem was never completely solved.

scholarly journals Formation of Banking in Western Transbaikalia in 19th Century: Merchant Initiatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 392-407
Author(s):  
A. M. Plekhanova ◽  
A. А. Shirapov
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Western Transbaikalia ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives

An analysis of the contribution of regional merchants to the process of forming a system of credit and financial institutions in the territory of Western Transbaikalia is presented in the article. The history of both successful and unsuccessful attempts to create bank ing institutions in the region has been reconstructed on the basis of reporting and officework documentation stored in the funds of the State Archives of the Republic of Buryatia and the Irkutsk Region, the Russian State Historical Archive. It was found that the creation of the regional banking system was based not on the state, but on the private initiative; the key role in the process  was  played  by the merchants. According to the authors, in the process of organizing banks and loan offices, representatives of the merchants were guided not only by making a profit, but envisaged the use of part of the proceeds for charitable purposes. It was revealed that merchant initiatives were caused not only by the desire to expand the opportunities for entrepreneurial activity, but also by the desire to contribute to the development of the native land. It is concluded that the Transbaikal merchants played an important role in the socio-economic development of Western Transbaikalia and became the main driving force in integrating the region’s economy into the all-Russian financial system.

scholarly journals The Migration Flows from the Italian Peninsula to Crimea (end of XVIII – beginning of XX centuries).

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Stefania Zini ◽  
Nikita V. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Xix Century

The article is dedicated to the history of the Italians of Crimea. The history of the group is still little studied and rich in myths and legends. Our complex historical-anthropological and genetic study of the community allowed us to dispel some myths, which are widespread among the members of the community and far beyond it, and to recreate the history, geography and causes of migrations that took place in the XIX century. The historical part of the research was mainly based on sources and documents found in the Russian and Italian archives. We used documents from the State Archive of the Saratov Region, the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea, the Russian State Military Archive of Moscow, the state archives of Genova, Napoli, Bari, Turin, and the Vatican Secret Archive. Extensive and equally useful information was found in newspapers and other periodicals of the XIX–XX centuries from Russian and Italian library collections. Family archives of descendants of Italian migrants also provided valuable information. The article presents some of the materials found in the course of the study. The article also deals with the problem of the size of the community, which is difficult to define both today and in the past.

THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF COLLECTING THE DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE AND CREATING THE STATE ARCHIVAL FUND OF THE USSR IN 1917–1930S

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Nina I. Khimina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The State ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Effective Use

The article examines the history of collecting documentary and cultural heritage since 1917 and the participation of archives, museums and libraries in the creation of the Archival Fund of the country. In the 1920s and 1930s, archival institutions were established through the efforts of outstanding representatives of Russian culture. At the same period, the structure and activities of the museums created earlier in the Russian state in the 18th – 19th centuries were improved. The new museums that had been opened in various regions of Russia received rescued archival funds, collections and occasional papers. It is shown that during this period there was a discussion about the differentiation of the concepts of an “archive”, “library” and a “museum”. The present work reveals the difficulties in the interaction between museums, libraries and archives in the process of saving the cultural heritage of the state and arranging archival documents; the article also discusses the problems and complications in the formation of the State Archival Fund of the USSR. During this period, the development of normative and methodological documents regulating the main areas of work on the description and registration of records received by state repositories contributed to a more efficient use and publication of the documents stored in the state archives. It is noted that museums and libraries had problems connected with the description of the archival documents accepted for storage, with record keeping and the creation of the finding aids for them, as well as with the possibilities of effective use of the papers. The documents of the manuscript departments of museums and libraries have become part of the unified archival heritage of Russia and, together with the state archives, they now provide information resources for conducting various kinds of historical research.

scholarly journals The State Archives of the Republic of Macedonia: Use of Archival Material and Data Protection Pursuant to the Law on Personal Data Protection and the General Data Protection Regulation

Atlanti ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Svetlana Usprcova
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The State ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives

The aim of this paper is to explain the position of the State Archives of the Republic of Macedonia as guardian of the archival material, which is a subject of use for scientific, academic, administrative, public, publishing, exhibition and other purposes. In the process of use of the archival material, the archivists must be very careful in order to protect confidential, sensitive, legal and other information contained in the archival material, and take some measures in relation to the personal data protection. Herein, the author, also talks about the current Law on personal data protection and the harmonisation of the national law with the European legislation.

scholarly journals In Search of Gala Dali’s City of Birth

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Yakovleva Elena L. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Birth Family ◽  
The City

The aim of the study was to find the birthplace of Elena Ivanovna (Dmitrievna) Dyakonova, known to the whole world under the name of Gala Dali. Documented sources about the woman’s city of birth have not been found so far, which led to the emergence of conflicting information. To achieve this goal, the author is looking for indirect documents confirming that Gala Dali was born in Kazan. For the first time, the problem is investigated based on archival data of her parents ‒ father Dmitry Ilyich Gomberg, who studied at the Imperial Kazan University from 1892 to 1895, and mother Antonina Petrovna Dyakonova. Analysis of documents found in the State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, articles by D. V. Malinovsky, grandson of the adopted son of D. I. Gomberg, memoirs and historical data helped to clarify the situation about the place of birth of the muse Dali and the plight of her family. The key research method is source study analysis of office documents, their comparison with historical data about everyday life and facts from the biography of Gala Dali. As a result of the research search, the place of birth of Elena Ivanovna/Dmitrievna Dyakonova was determined ‒ the city of Kazan, as evidenced by direct and indirect facts from the biographies of the parents and Gala herself, as well as the difficult life situation of the woman’s parents, their connection with revolutionary activities and mentioning in police circulars. This explains the reason why the woman did not like to remember the story of her birth and created numerous myths about the city of birth, family and living conditions. The data obtained can be used for further reconstruction of the history of the Gala family and her biography. Keywords: myth, Gala Dali, Kazan, city of birth, revolutionary activity, clerical documents of the fund of the office of the Imperial Kazan University of the State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, fear

scholarly journals New Archival Materials Regards the “Odessa Periods” in the Biography of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Ukrainian State (Hetmanate) G.E. Afanas’ev (1848-1925)

2017 ◽  
pp. 394-414
Author(s):  
Sergii Berezin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
National Library ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Archives ◽  
State Library ◽  
First Time

The article is based on archival materials from the collections of the State Archives of Odessa Region, Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (Kiev) and the Russian State Library (Moscow). These materials provide documental confirmation of the little-known facts of the biography of George Afanas`ev, the famous historian and educator, journalist, banker and diplomat, public and state figure. The represented source base allows to refine and supplement the information from the historiography about the life and work of Afanas`ev in the period of his stay in Odessa and activity in the Novorossiysky University. Some of these documents are published and introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

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