scholarly journals Succinate receptor in GtoPdb v.2021.3

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Davenport ◽  
Julien Hanson ◽  
Wen Chiy Liew
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Endogenous Ligand ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Retinal Angiogenesis

Nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [8]. The Succinate receptor was identified as being activated by physiological levels of the Kreb's cycle intermediate succinate and other dicarboxylic acids such as maleate in 2004. Since its pairing with its endogenous ligand, the receptor has been the focus of intensive research and its role has been evidenced in various (patho)physiological processes such as regulation of renin production, retinal angiogenesis, inflammation or the immune response.

scholarly journals Succinate receptor (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Davenport ◽  
Julien Hanson ◽  
Wen Chiy Liew
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Endogenous Ligand ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Retinal Angiogenesis

Nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [7]. The Succinate receptor has been identified as being activated by physiological levels of the Kreb's cycle intermediate succinate and other dicarboxylic acids such as maleate in 2004. Since its pairing with its endogenous ligand, the receptor has been the focus of intensive research and its role has been evidenced in various (patho)physiological processes such as regulation of renin production, retinal angiogenesis, inflammation or immune response.

scholarly journals The Bidirectional Relationship between Sleep and Immunity against Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G. Ibarra-Coronado ◽  
Ana Ma. Pantaleón-Martínez ◽  
Javier Velazquéz-Moctezuma ◽  
Oscar Prospéro-García ◽  
Mónica Méndez-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Function Of Sleep

Sleep is considered an important modulator of the immune response. Thus, a lack of sleep can weaken immunity, increasing organism susceptibility to infection. For instance, shorter sleep durations are associated with a rise in suffering from the common cold. The function of sleep in altering immune responses must be determined to understand how sleep deprivation increases the susceptibility to viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. There are several explanations for greater susceptibility to infections after reduced sleep, such as impaired mitogenic proliferation of lymphocytes, decreased HLA-DR expression, the upregulation of CD14+, and variations in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, which have been observed during partial sleep deprivation. Also, steroid hormones, in addition to regulating sexual behavior, influence sleep. Thus, we hypothesize that sleep and the immune-endocrine system have a bidirectional relationship in governing various physiological processes, including immunity to infections. This review discusses the evidence on the bidirectional effects of the immune response against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections on sleep patterns and how the lack of sleep affects the immune response against such agents. Because sleep is essential in the maintenance of homeostasis, these situations must be adapted to elicit changes in sleep patterns and other physiological parameters during the immune response to infections to which the organism is continuously exposed.

Metabolic costs of mounting an antigen-stimulated immune response in adult and aged C57BL/6J mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (5) ◽  
pp. R1631-R1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Vladimir Chefer ◽  
Mark I. Talan ◽  
Randy J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Metabolic Costs

Animals must balance their energy budget despite seasonal changes in both energy availability and physiological expenditures. Immunity, in addition to growth, thermoregulation, and cellular maintenance, requires substantial energy to maintain function, although few studies have directly tested the energetic cost of immunity. The present study assessed the metabolic costs of an antibody response. Adult and aged male C5BL/6J mice were implanted with either empty Silastic capsules or capsules filled with melatonin and injected with either saline or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). O2 consumption was monitored periodically throughout antibody production using indirect calorimetry. KLH-injected mice mounted significant immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses and consumed more O2 compared with animals injected with saline. Melatonin treatment increased O2 consumption in mice injected with saline but suppressed the increased metabolic rate associated with an immune response in KLH-injected animals. Melatonin had no effect on immune response to KLH. Adult and aged mice did not differ in antibody response or metabolic activity. Aged mice appear unable to maintain sufficient heat production despite comparable O2 production to adult mice. These results suggest that mounting an immune response requires significant energy and therefore requires using resources that could otherwise be allocated to other physiological processes. Energetic trade-offs are likely when energy demands are high (e.g., during winter, pregnancy, or lactation). Melatonin appears to play an adaptive role in coordinating reproductive, immunologic, and energetic processes.

scholarly journals What We Know and What We Need to Know about Aromatic and Cationic Biogenic Amines in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Fernández-Reina ◽  
José Urdiales ◽  
Francisca Sánchez-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Molecular Information

Biogenic amines derived from basic and aromatic amino acids (B/A-BAs), polyamines, histamine, serotonin, and catecholamines are a group of molecules playing essential roles in many relevant physiological processes, including cell proliferation, immune response, nutrition and reproduction. All these physiological effects involve a variety of tissue-specific cellular receptors and signalling pathways, which conforms to a very complex network that is not yet well-characterized. Strong evidence has proved the importance of this group of molecules in the gastrointestinal context, also playing roles in several pathologies. This work is based on the hypothesis that integration of biomedical information helps to reach new translational actions. Thus, the major aim of this work is to combine scientific knowledge on biomolecules, metabolism and physiology of the main B/A-BAs involved in the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract, in order to point out important gaps in information and other facts deserving further research efforts in order to connect molecular information with pathophysiological observations.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid, a Plant Hormone, Suppresses Phytophagous Insect Immune Response by Interrupting HMG-Like DSP1

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahi Imam Mollah ◽  
Hyong Woo Choi ◽  
Inhwa Yeam ◽  
Je Min Lee ◽  
Yonggyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Defensive Role

Salicylic acid is a plant hormone that can mediate various plant physiological processes. Salicylic acid can bind to human high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interrupt its role in mediating immune responses. Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) is an insect homolog of HMGB1. In this study, a DSP1 (Se-DSP1) encoded in Spodoptera exigua, a phytophagous insect, was characterized, and its potential role in immune response was explored. Upon bacterial challenge, Se-DSP1 was localized in the nucleus and released into the hemolymph. The released Se-DSP1 could mediate both cellular and humoral immune responses by activating eicosanoid biosynthesis. Salicylic acid could bind to Se-DSP1 with a high affinity. The immune responses of S. exigua were significantly interrupted by SA feeding. Larvae reared on tomatoes with high endogenous SA levels became more susceptible to entomopathogens. Taken together, these results suggest a tritrophic defensive role of plant SA against phytophagous insects.

scholarly journals Activation of a G protein–coupled receptor by its endogenous ligand triggers the innate immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Zugasti ◽  
Neelanjan Bose ◽  
Barbara Squiban ◽  
Jérôme Belougne ◽  
C Léopold Kurz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Endogenous Ligand ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Phleom of Nicotiana Tabacum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw ◽  
Jamison E. Gilder
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Atpase Localization

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been shown to be associated with numerous physiological processes in both plants and animal cells. Biochemical studies have shown that in higher plants ATPase activity is high in cell wall preparations and is associated with the plasma membrane, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes. However, there have been only a few ATPase localization studies of higher plants at the electron microscope level. Poux (1967) demonstrated ATPase activity associated with most cellular organelles in the protoderm cells of Cucumis roots. Hall (1971) has demonstrated ATPase activity in root tip cells of Zea mays. There was high surface activity largely associated with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in mitochondria, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids.

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Pro-Vascular Cellular Morphology in Chaetophora Incressata

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
A. E. Hotchkiss ◽  
A. T. Hotchkiss ◽  
R. P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Multicellular green algae may be an ancestral form of the vascular plants. These algae exhibit cell wall structure, chlorophyll pigmentation, and physiological processes similar to those of higher plants. The presence of a vascular system which provides water, minerals, and nutrients to remote tissues in higher plants was believed unnecessary for the algae. Among the green algae, the Chaetophorales are complex highly branched forms that might require some means of nutrient transport. The Chaetophorales do possess apical meristematic groups of cells that have growth orientations suggestive of stem and root positions. Branches of Chaetophora incressata were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for ultrastructural evidence of pro-vascular transport.

Humoral and cellular immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of Microsporum canis in experimentally infected guinea pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Mignon ◽  
T. Leclipteux ◽  
CH. Focant ◽  
A. J. Nikkels ◽  
G. E. PIErard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Cellular Immune
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