ATHLETES' ATTRIBUTIONS FOR TEAM PERFORMANCE: A THEORETICAL TEST ACROSS SPORTS AND GENDERS

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Green ◽  
Steven Holeman
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cognitive Consistency ◽  
Consistency Theory ◽  
Theoretical Test

This study investigated reasons that men and women college athletes gave for their teams' performances. Different predictions drawn from ego-serving bias theory (Miller & Ross, 1975), self-esteem theory (Dittes, 1959; Jones, 1973), and cognitive consistency theory (Festinger, 1957; Heider, 1958) were tested. Across three studies, men and women basketball players, and men football players responded to a measure of self-esteem and an attribution measure of internality/externality following team wins and losses. Results across the studies provided strong support for ego-serving bias theory. However, gender differences were observed in that the ego-serving tendency to internalize wins to a greater extent than losses was not significantly present for women basketball players as compared to men basketball and football players. Additionally, results provided partial support for cognitive consistency theory, while failing to support self-esteem theory.

Causal Attribution and Affective Response as Mediated by Task Performance and Self-Acceptance

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1555-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Green ◽  
Roger C. Bailey ◽  
Otto Zinser ◽  
Dale E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Cognitive Consistency ◽  
Consistency Theory ◽  
Performance Analyses ◽  
Self Acceptance

Predictions derived from cognitive consistency theories, self-esteem theories, and ego-serving-bias theory concerning how students would make attributional and affective responses to their academic performance were investigated. 202 university students completed a measure of self-acceptance of their college ability and made attributional and affective responses to an hypothetical examination performance. Analyses showed that students receiving positive feedback perceived greater internal causality and responded with greater positive affect than students receiving negative feedback. Self-acceptance did not moderate the attributions or affective reactions. The results supported the ego-serving-bias theory and provided partial support for self-esteem theory. Findings did not support predictions from cognitive-consistency theory.

The Relationship of Compliance with Coping Strategies and Self-Esteem

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisli H. Gudjonsson ◽  
Jon Fridrik Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Summary: The Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), the COPE Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to 212 men and 212 women. Multiple regression of the test scores showed that low self-esteem and denial coping were the best predictors of compliance in both men and women. Significant sex differences emerged on all three scales, with women having lower self-esteem than men, being more compliant, and using different coping strategies when confronted with a stressful situation. The sex difference in compliance was mediated by differences in self-esteem between men and women.

Cognitive Consistency Theory in Social Psychology: A Paradigm Reconsidered

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie W. Kruglanski ◽  
Katarzyna Jasko ◽  
Maxim Milyavsky ◽  
Marina Chernikova ◽  
David Webber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Cognitive Consistency ◽  
Consistency Theory ◽  
Motivational Aspect ◽  
Human Need ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Epistemic Aspect

From the 1950s onward, psychologists have generally assumed that people possess a general need for cognitive consistency whose frustration by an inconsistency elicits negative affect. We offer a novel perspective on this issue by introducing the distinction between epistemic and motivational impact of consistent and inconsistent cognitions. The epistemic aspect is represented by the updated expectancy of the outcome addressed in such cognitions. The motivational aspect stems from value (desirability) of that outcome. We show that neither the outcome’s value nor its updated expectancy are systematically related to cognitive consistency or inconsistency. Consequently, we question consistency’s role in the driving of affective responses, and the related presumption of a universal human need for cognitive consistency.

A Cognitive Consistency Approach to Job Satisfaction

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Orpen
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
South African ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Cognitive Consistency ◽  
Negative Results

Korman's (1970) argument that self-esteem moderates the relationships between job satisfaction and perceived need-fulfilment and between job satisfaction and the extent to which one's job meets with group approval was tested with 120 Coloured South African factory workers who were given the Porter need-fulfilment questionnaire, 2 measures of job satisfaction, and 3 measures of self-esteem, and for whom a measure of the extent to which their jobs were found desirable by others was available. The correlations between job satisfaction and need-fulfilment and between job satisfaction and group approval did not differ significantly between Ss who obtained high and low scores on each of the self-esteem measures. The negative results are explained in terms of weaknesses in the balance and dissonance models from which Korman's argument is derived.

ON THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL VERSUS UNIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVES OF SELF-ESTEEM: A TEST USING THE GROUP-COMPARISON APPROACH

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Vallerand ◽  
Luc G. Pelletier ◽  
Françoys Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Comparison Approach ◽  
Sports And Physical Activity ◽  
Talented Students ◽  
Regular Students

The purpose of the present studies was to test the unidimensional versus the multidimensional perspectives of self-esteem using a group-comparison approach. In the first study, male and female talented and regular students completed the Perceived Competence Scale (Harter, 1982). This scale assesses self-esteem in three life domains: cognitive (school), physical (sports and physical activity), and social, as well as general self-esteem. Results showed that talented students had higher self-esteem than regular students only in the cognitive domain. In Study 2, we sought to replicate and extend these findings to the context of sports. Male and female talented and regular swimmers completed the PCS as well as a swimming self-esteem subscale. Results showed that talented swimmers had significantly higher levels of swimming self-esteem than regular swimmers. Talented swimmers also reported higher levels of physical self-esteem although to a lesser extent. In addition, male students reported higher levels of self-esteem than females in the physical domain (Studies 1 and 2), as well as in swimming (Study 2). These findings were interpreted as providing strong support for the multidimensional view of self-esteem.

Greater Right Hemisphericity is Associated with Lower Self-Esteem in Adults

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1244-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Persinger ◽  
Katherine Makarec
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
History Of

28 men and 32 women were given Vingiano's Hemisphericity Questionnaire and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. People who reported the greatest numbers of right hemispheric indicators displayed the lowest self-esteem; the correlations were moderately strong ( r>.50) for both men and women. These results support the hypothesis that the sense of self is primarily a linguistic, left-hemispheric phenomenon and that a developmental history of frequent intrusion from right-hemispheric processes can infuse the self-concept with negative affect.

scholarly journals Cohort study to evaluate nursing team performance in a theoretical test after training in cardiopulmonary arrest

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata da Costa Brião ◽  
Emiliane Nogueira de Souza ◽  
Raquel Azevedo de Castro ◽  
Eneida Rejane Rabelo
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Nursing Team ◽  
Theoretical Test ◽  
Nursing Professionals

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate nursing professionals' theoretical knowledge of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) treatment before specific training, immediately after, and six months later. METHODS: Cohort study, performed in a cardiology hospital in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (November/2005 to May/2006), Brazil. Nurses, nursing technicians and assistants were included. A questionnaire was administered in the three periods, and 75% of correct answers was considered a satisfactory result. RESULTS: Thirty-five nurses participated in the pre-test, and 34 in the immediate and 6-month tests. Among technicians and assistants, 232, 227, and 104 participated in the pre-test, immediate, and 6-months tests, respectively. Among nurses, 62.9% achieved an adequate percentage of correct answers in the pre-test, 94.1% in the immediate, and 64.7% in the 6-months test; for nursing technicians and assistants, these values were 36.2%, 79.3%, and 62.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Training in CPA improved the nursing professionals' knowledge immediately after its administration, with a reduction in the rate of correct answers after 6 months.

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