Possibilities of 3D-scanning technologies in the repair of agricultural and forestry equipment

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Ivan G. Golubev ◽  
Vladimir V. Bykov ◽  
Mikhail I. Golubev ◽  
Ivan A. Spitsyn
Keyword(s):  
3D Scanning ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Input Control ◽  
Contact Devices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Information Materials ◽  
Parts Manufacturing

The share of the main types of agricultural machinery with a service life of more than 10 years in the total volume of equipment remains high. The maintenance the performance of machinery and equipment are performed mainly by repair and restoration processes. In recent years, there used a 3D-scanning technology in the repair of machines. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in searching for the possibility of using 3D-scanning technologies in the repair of equipment based on the analysis of information materials. (Materials and methods) Authors used open information sources from various scientific and educational organizations for analysis. The great attention has been paid to the analysis of 3D-scanning technologies presented at various international specialized exhibitions. It was found that various laser scanners have been developed and used for 3D-scanning, mainly for quality control of parts manufacturing. It was also found that they can be used to control the geometric, physical and mechanical parameters of agricultural machinery parts during the input control of spare parts and repair of machines. (Results and discussion) It has been found that 3D-scanning improves the accuracy and performance of measurements in comparison with contact devices. The article notes that the use of 3D-scanning in convergent modeling technologies and in additive manufacturing is becoming a modern trend in mechanical engineering. (Conclusions) A promising direction for the introduction of 3D-technologies in repair production is the integrated use of additive technologies and 3D-scanning; when parts are defective after disassembly of the repaired units, the machine uses a 3D-scanner to determine the wear, and a 3D-printer to restore the worn surface, taking into account the uneven wear. The advantages of this repair technology include increasing the accuracy of measurement, reducing the range of measurement tools used, and the ability to restore parts of complex geometric shapes. Spot application of a layer of additive material to the wear site reduces material consumption by 20-90 percent.

scholarly journals Possibilities of 3D scanning of parts during repair of agricultural machinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00003
Author(s):  
Ivan Golubev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Input Control ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
And Performance

New high-precision and productive tools are needed due to the increasing requirements to the finishing accuracy of reworked parts and the assembly of units and machines in repair production. One of the most dynamically developing areas of digital production is the use of 3D technologies. They are most actively used in the aviation and automotive industry, as well as in the manufacture of machine elements from various parts. In recent years, there have been some publications on the use of 3D technologies in the repair of machines, including the reconditioning and hardening of parts. The current global trend is the creation of digital measurements and systems for contactless optical quality control of products. The paper and analyzes 3D scanning technologies developed by scientific and educational organizations, as well as presented at various international specialized exhibitions. The analysis and synthesis of information revealed that various laser scanners have been developed and used for 3D scanning, mainly for manufacturing quality control. The study analyzes the possibilities of their use to monitor the geometric parameters of parts of agric ultural machines during the input control of spare parts and repair of machines. 3D scanning has been found to improve measurement accuracy and performance compared to contact tools. The paper presents the main directions of 3D technologies in repair production. A promising area of introducing 3D technologies into repair production is the integrated use of additive technologies and 3D scanning. In case of fault detection using a 3D scanner, the wear value is determined, and the 3D printer recovers the wornout surface taking into account the non-uniformity of wear. Thus, the additive material consumption is reduced from 20 to 90%.

FAILURES OF POLYMER PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (144) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Goncharova ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav A. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Servo Drive ◽  
Minimum Order ◽  
Delivery Times

Since the last century, polymer materials have been widely used in industry. They are increasingly being used in the construction of agricultural machinery. Simultaneously with the spread of polymer parts, there is a need to develop technologies for repairing agricultural machinery containing such parts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the failures of polymer parts of agricultural machinery and equipment. (Materials and methods) The article presents a study of cases of failures of polymer parts of agricultural machinery based on data received from the enterprise LLC "Rassvet" of the Rostov region, the production cooperative "Koelginskoe" of the Chelyabinsk region for 2019 and summary information from various suppliers of spare parts of agricultural machinery. (Results and discussion) The parts of the industrial water treatment filter, turbine water meters and the sprayer housing failed at LLC "Rassvet" during the period under review. In the production cooperative "Koelginskoe" the gear of the servo drive of the grain flow and the oil seal of the hydraulic cylinder of the tractor K-744 failed, and therefore it was necessary to replace the entire unit. It is unprofitable for dealers of agricultural machinery to supply parts in a single copy due to their low cost. (Conclusions) The nomenclature of polymer parts of agricultural machines that fail is quite diverse, and cases of their failures are not rare. In some cases, the replacement of these parts is impossible due to their absence from sale, and in other cases, it turns out to be unprofitable due to long delivery times or a large minimum order batch. In this regard, agricultural producers suffer significant losses, overpaying for a whole node instead of replacing one part.

Use of contactless methods and means for checking the quality of agricultural machinery spare parts

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Skorokhodov ◽  
Konstantin A. Krasnyashchikh ◽  
Aleksey S. Sviridov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Technical Parameters

Quality control of spare parts of agricultural machinery has now acquired significant relevance, which is due to the presence of a large share of low-quality products on the market. The use of low-quality spare parts increases the risk of failure of the equipment in use, which lead to its downtime and financial losses of the agricultural producer, which is highly undesirable in the modern realities of the domestic agricultural industry. Contactless methods and tools for quality control of spare parts will improve the accuracy and productivity of control. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a device that allows to control the geometric, physical and mechanical parameters of spare parts, the use of which should increase the performance and accuracy of control due to a comprehensive non-contact method of measuring spare parts. (Materials and methods) Authors applied a non-contact triangulation method for controlling geometric parameters and a X-ray fluorescence method for controlling physical and mechanical parameters. (Results and discussion) The article presents the devices that are closest in technical parameters and based on them an automated measuring device using methods and means that allows controlling the geometric, physical and mechanical parameters of the object. The article presents the principle of operation and functions of an automated measuring device. The article describes the factors that affect the control process by an automated measuring device. (Conclusions) It was found that the use of contactless methods and quality control tools for spare parts of agricultural machinery could improve the accuracy and productivity of control and eliminate the influence of human factors on the measurement process. Timely quality control of spare parts of agricultural machinery using an automated measuring device will allow to identify low-quality or counterfeit spare parts before installation on the repaired equipment, which will reduce the risk of failures of agricultural machinery.

Economically acceptable service life of mtz-80/82 tractors

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Petr A. Tabakov ◽  
Vasiliy P. Tabakov
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Total Operating Time ◽  
The Cost

Recently, the scientific and technical literature increasingly discusses the service life of agricultural machinery. Economically acceptable lifetimes of tractors and agricultural machines could exceed the amortization ones by 10-15 years. There is a correlation between the life of agricultural machinery and its annual output, which significantly affects the life and effectiveness of its use.(Research purpose). The research purpose is in studying the dependence of the annual running hours, the total cost of eliminating failures, and the cost of running time from the operating life in the range from 1 to 32 years. (Materials and methods) The study was conducted according to the reporting data of SCA "Malalla" and "Pervomaisk" of Batyrevsky district of the Chuvash Republic during 1998-2019. During the study, there were monitored 20 MTZ tractors for 20 years, and archived accounting data were also used. (Results and discussion) An analysis of the consumption of spare parts showed that the largest number of total spare parts falls on the interval of the service life of 17-19 years and operating time of 32-35 thousand of conventional hectares. The largest number of spare parts are spent on 14, 16 and 19 years of operation. For the first three years of operation, until the total operating time of 5850 conventional hectares, the total consumption of spare parts is of 15,410 rubles, which is 2.2 percent of the cost of a new tractor. (Conclusions) A study of the consumption of spare parts, tractor operating hours and the cost of operating hours by years of operation allows us to conclude that from 27 to 32 years of operation, with a total operating time of 46784 conventional hectares, despite the annual increase in the consumption of spare parts, its operating time begins to decrease, and the cost of an operating time unit increases sharply and reaches the operating time during the depreciation period and the total consumption of spare parts reaches the cost of a new tractor. Just at this time, it is necessary to stop the operation of the tractor. The results allow us to create recommendations to improve the efficiency of the operation and use of the machine and tractor fleet in agricultural organizations.

State and prospects of development of technical service in animal husbandry

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Kirsanov ◽  
Dmitriy Yu. Pavkin ◽  
Evgeniy A. Nikitin ◽  
Roman F. Filonov
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Technical Service ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Service Support ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used

Problems of technical service of machinery and equipment in animal husbandry are mostly related to the restructuring of the economic model of interaction between agricultural producers and organizations that supply and service of machinery and equipment. Currently, the entrance control of products and spare parts purchased abroad is not established, and the materials used to make parts in contact with milk (teat rubber, milk hoses, etc.) are not checked for compliance with the requirements of the Ministry of Health. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in justifying the structure of the engineering center for integrated solutions in the field of dairy farming based on the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. (Materials and methods) The article presents the results of studying sources describing the past and present experience of organizing a system of technical service of machines and equipment for dairy farming in the Russian Federation and foreign countries that are leading in terms of milk production. Authors collected information from key equipment suppliers when visiting industry exhibitions (Euro Tier, AgroFarm, Golden Autumn, etc.). (Results and discussion) The article proposes the concept of creating an engineering center on the basis of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM according to the developed structure. (Conclusions) The implementation of the proposed structure for creating an engineering center will eliminate the existing imbalance in the field of technical service of livestock enterprises, establish information, design, machine-technological and service support for the reconstruction and successful development of livestock enterprises in the industry.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES FOR CREATION INNOVATION CENTERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
ZOYA MISHINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Purpose ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Technical Service ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Reliability Of Operation ◽  
Production Areas

Timely conducting of all types of maintenance and routine repairs is possible only in the conditions of an innovative service center, equipped with the necessary equipment and having a complex of facilities to ensure favorable conditions for technical service. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying opportunities for updating the technical service system in the agro-industrial complex by creating innovative service centers to ensure highly efficient operation of agricultural machinery and equipment. (Materials and methods) The system of maintenance in agriculture is characterized by a significant decrease in efficiency due to physical and moral wear of equipment of repair and technical enterprises, low level and insufficient qualification of personnel and managers of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. The availability of existing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex with production areas is no more than 50 percent, technological equipment is no more than 47 percent, and technological equipment and equipment for jobs are 15 and 40 percent. (Results and discussion) The modernization of the infrastructure of technical service of agricultural machinery is aimed at updating the technological base of machine repair. Repair and technical enterprises do not have the necessary equipment to perform a number of maintenance and routine repairs. The process of developing technical service infrastructure is significantly behind the level of structural and technological complexity of agricultural machinery. Due to technological requirements, complex components and assemblies, such as engines, hydraulic equipment, fuel pumps of domestic and imported agricultural machinery should not be repaired in the conditions of farms. (Conclusions) The high technological level of innovative technical service centers serves as a condition for efficient operation of production, ensuring its stability and reliability of operation, flexibility and adaptability, high intensity and waste-free operation.

Life cycle of self-propelled machinery with waste generation at its disposal

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Valeriy S. Gerasimov ◽  
Vladimir I. Ignatov ◽  
Konstantin G. Sovin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Branch System ◽  
Additional Funding

According to forecasts for 2022, the number of self-propelled agricultural machinery that will fail will be about 100 thousand units. This will have a significant impact on the overall productivity in the field of agricultural production and will require additional financial costs for effective resource-saving environmental-oriented utilization of agricultural machinery with the maximum recovery of secondary resources in the processing of its components. (Research purpose) The research purpose is considering the main life cycles of machinery, including agricultural, and determining the possibility of obtaining secondary resources in the recycling of components of machinery and equipment. (Materials and methods) The authors found that the establishment of an industry-wide recycling system would allow the reuse of usable and recovered parts obtained from decommissioned equipment, as well as receive additional funding from the sale of secondary resources. The authors have found that for the functioning of the whole system, it is necessary to work with a large amount of data related to the ongoing recycling processes, as well as constantly monitor changes in the state and properties of materials. They also found that the maximum use of digital technology is the only way to combine all these requirements and make the system work. (Results and discussion) The article reviews the key points of the use of life cycle method for equipment, including agricultural, reviews the state of machine and tractor park of agro-industrial complex, shows the possibility of using resource-saving ecologically oriented branch system of recycling of agricultural machinery, as well as the movement of waste and material flows in the processing components of utilized machines. (Conclusion) The article presents recommendations on the possibility of efficient disposal of equipment, including agricultural, with the maximum recovery of secondary resources from recycled waste.

HISTORY OF THE GOSNITI ESTABLISHMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
VYACHESLAV CHERNOIVANOV ◽  
◽  
VALENTIN LYALYAKIN
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electric Brake ◽  
Testing Fuel

With the increase in the production of new machines, it was necessary to pay more attention to their repair and maintenance, expand research, create appropriate standards, and constantly update technical documentation. The pre-1953 repair laboratories were not powerful enough to solve the growing problems. In 1953, it was decided to establish The State Union Research Institute for the Repair and Operation of Tractors and Agricultural Machinery. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in describing the history of GOSNITI establishment, analyzing the tasks and results of the Institute's activities over the first decade. (Materials and methods) The article presents the base of the new Institute and its quantitative composition. The article describes the main objectives of the Institute and its activities. (Results and discussion) Work was carried out to create self-moving workshops for filling filters, electric brake stands, stands for testing fuel equipment, equipment for vibration contact surfacing. The calculations of the repair base for the regions were carried out. The article presents the list of works that were widely implemented in the national economy and the list of publications of technical documentation. GOSNITI was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on May 25, 1967, for implementing the system and advanced technology for repairing cars. (Conclusions) The staff of the established Institute successfully completed the tasks set in the first decade.

INCREASING THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF THE WORKING BODIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES BY THE HDTV METHOD WITH ADDING POWDER OF THE EED METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
IL’YA ROMANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Working Bodies

The development of energy and resource-saving methods and technologies for strengthening and restoring the working bodies of agricultural machinery will increase their abrasive wear resistance and durability by using materials from machine-building waste and reduce the cost by 10-30 percent without reducing operational characteristics. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the abrasive wear resistance and durability of cultivator legs by surfacing powder materials obtained by electroerosive dispersion from solid alloy waste by high-frequency currents. (Materials and methods) Authors obtained a powder for research on their own experimental installations of the CCP "Nano-Center" of electroerosive dispersion from waste of sintered hard alloys of the T15K6 brand. The microhardness of powders and coatings on microshifts was measured using the PMT-3 device, and the hardness of coatings with the KMT-1 microhardometer was measured using the Rockwell method according to GOST 9013-59. The microwave-40AV installation was used to assess the wear resistance of materials of working bodies of tillage machines. (Results and discussion) In the course of laboratory wear tests the relative wear resistance of samples hardened by high-frequency surfacing currents significantly exceeds the wear resistance of non-hardened samples made OF 65g steel, accepted as the reference standard. (Conclusions) Based on the results of experimental studies, the article proposes a new resource-saving technological process for strengthening the working bodies of agricultural machinery through the use of materials from machine-building waste, which allows increasing the abrasive wear resistance of working bodies by 1.5-2 times due to the use of tungsten-containing materials.

Strategies of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Aleksey S. Dorokhov ◽  
Aleksandr V. Denisov ◽  
Aleksey A. Solomashkin ◽  
Valeriy S. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Current Value ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Modern machines are subject to progressive wear that occurs at different rates, which leads to unpredictable failures that reduce the reliability and durability of machines. The strategy of maintenance and repair is aimed at eliminating these problems. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the basic principles of the strategy of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in order to ensure control of the technical condition of machine parts. (Materials and methods) When resource diagnostics is used, , the allowable value of the parameter is set in advance for a part . This value is the tolerance that corresponds to a certain wear rate of the part. The tolerance is set based on the condition that if the current value of the controlled resource parameter during the next diagnosis is less than the set value, then such a part at the current value of the wear rate can be finalized until the next inter-control check. Taking into account the wear rate of the same type of parts from the group when determining the allowable wear during their resource diagnostics becomes an urgent task. (Results and discussions) As a result of research, the article presents "Methodology for determining the main indicators of reliability of parts of agricultural machines with different wear rates" and "Methodology for determining the tolerance system of parts of agricultural machines with different wear rates". (Conclusions) The article presents the tolerance system that reduces the probability of failure of machine parts in operation. During resource diagnostics, those parts whose resource parameters exceed the tolerance are rejected.

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