scholarly journals Uncertainty in milk production by smallholders in Tanzania and its implications for investment

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar E. Twine ◽  
Amos Omore ◽  
Julius Githinji
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
The Impact

The study evaluates the impact of risk on enterprises of male, female and young farmers operating in the formal and informal smallholder dairy value chains in Tanzania. It also examines the effect of uncertainty on the decision to invest in milk production in the two value chains. Results indicate that youths in the informal dairy value chain face the greatest level of risk followed by men in the formal value chain, and then men in the informal value chain. Women in both value chains and youths in the formal value chain face relatively low risk. Overall, milk production in the informal value chain is found to be substantially riskier than production in the formal chain. Optimal investment triggers are found to be much larger than the conventional triggers and are sensitive to volatility of returns. The results’ managerial and policy implications for inclusive dairy industry development in Tanzania are highlighted.

scholarly journals An empirical study of oil and gas value chain agility in the UAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 3541-3569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Shqairat ◽  
Balan Sundarakani
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the agility of oil and gas value chains in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to understand the impact of implementing supply disruption (SD) strategies, outsourcing strategies (OS) and management strategies (MS) on oil and gas value chain agility (VCA). The results can support the oil and gas industry across the UAE to build resilience in the value chain. Design/methodology/approach The research design consists of a comprehensive literature review, followed by questionnaire-based survey responses of 106 participants and comprehensive statistical analysis, thus validate the developed theoretical framework and contribute to both practical and methodological approaches. Findings The findings indicate that oil and gas value chain in the UAE has moderate a significant degree of SD, when OS in place that are synchronized with the overall MS. Among the hypotheses developed, two were accepted thus warranting both SD strategies (r=+0.432) and MS (r= +0.457) found to have a positive moderate effect on VCA. The third hypothesis was rejected by revealing OS (r=+0.387) found to have a positive moderate relationship with VCA. Therefore, implementation of all three strategies has a positive moderate effect on the agility of the value chain and, therefore, supports to sustain competitive position. Research limitations/implications Some of the limitations of this research include the geographic coverage of the study region and other methodological limitation. Practical implications The research provides guidance for oil and gas supply chain managers to better understand the critical factors that impact and determine VCA. The paper also describes relevant strategies that should be taken into consideration by these managers in order to build their agile value chains. Social implications The research contributes to the social dimensions of supply chain sustainability of how resilient is the oil and gas value chain during uncertain conditions, so that it can respond to uncertain changes in order to contribute to corporate social responsibility. Originality/value This research is the first of its kind in the UAE region to assess the link between dimensions of agile value chain, OS, SD strategies and MS primarily from the Emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai.

Forecasting of milk production in India with ARIMA and VAR time series models

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Surendra Deshmukh ◽  
R. Paramasivam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Future Production

India is witnessing tremendous growth in dairy industry. The milk production has increased from 20 million tonnes in 1961 to 132 million tonnes in 2012-13. India has been retaining its number one position in milk production for many years. Dairy Industry in India is growing at the rate of 10% per annum. Considering this, it is essential to know the future production to improve and sustain the growth and development of sector. The objective of the study is to find out most suitable forecasting method for milk production for sustainable future production and policy implications. The data used in study is secondary data, collected from FAOSTAT (1961 to 2012) and NDDB (1991 to 2012). Stationarity of data was checked with Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF), after confirming the stationarity, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Vector Autoregression (VAR) models were used. Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Schwartz Bayesian Criteria (SBC), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), R square and RMSE were used to test reliability of model. The results indicate that ARIMA (1, 1, 1) is more suitable method with the use of SPSS software package for forecasting of milk. Milk production is expected to be 160 million tonnes by 2017.

Meta-analysis of U.S. intermediated food markets: Measuring what matters

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake E. Angelo ◽  
Becca B.R. Jablonski ◽  
Dawn Thilmany
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Value ◽  
Study Development

Purpose A body of literature and case studies has developed as part of the reporting, outreach and evaluation of the local and regional food system projects supported by grants and other funders. Yet, there is concern that food value chains are promoted without adequately evaluating the viability of these businesses, or how these markets affect the performance and welfare of key stakeholders: farm vendors and local communities/economies. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews and summarizes a comprehensive set of U.S.-based case studies focused on food value chains. We conduct a meta-analysis to systematically capture what available case study evidence tells us about: 1) trends in the viability of food value chain businesses; 2) the impact of these businesses on participating farm vendors; and, 3) the associated community economic development outcomes (framed in terms of ‘wealth creation’). Findings In addition to sharing findings from the meta-analysis, we demonstrate how the lack of standardized protocols for case study development is a barrier to learning about metric comparisons, best practices, and what impacts these food value chain businesses may have. We conclude with some recommendations of how the field can move forward to evaluate and share lessons learned using more uniform, project-driven case study development. Originality/value This is the first study to conduct a systematic meta-analysis of U.S. food value chain businesses.

scholarly journals Global Value Chain Resilience: Understanding the Impact of Managerial Governance Adaptations

2022 ◽  
pp. 000812562110666
Author(s):  
Liena Kano ◽  
Rajneesh Narula ◽  
Irina Surdu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Initial Shock ◽  
Lead Firm ◽  
The Impact

While COVID-19 has caused significant short-term disruptions in global value chains (GVCs), in the longer run, the pandemic will not be the primary catalyst in GVC evolution. As GVCs recover from the initial shock, managers will make GVC restructuring decisions guided by long-term strategic considerations. This article describes barriers that lead firm managers may encounter when rethinking location/control decisions for value chain activities and suggests that, in addition to structural changes, managerial governance adaptations are instrumental in enhancing GVCs’ long-term resilience. Lessons learned from responding to the pandemic can help managers enhance GVC efficiency in the increasingly uncertain global environment.

Global value chain linkages and domestic value-added content: Empirical evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhushan Praveen Jangam ◽  
Badri Narayan Rath
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between global value chains (GVCs) and domestic value-added content (DVA) in a panel of 58 countries for the period 2005–2015. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors quantify the refined measures of GVC linkages by using the Borin and Mancini (2019) decomposition technique. Second, the authors apply the feasible generalised least squares method to test the relationship between GVCs and DVA empirically. Findings First, the authors find that GVC links are crucial to the enhancement of DVA. Second, a study at the sectoral level reveals that GVC links in the primary sector raise DVA whilst reducing DVA in the services sector. Third, the authors find that only upstream activities enhance value-added content. Fourth, the authors note the augmenting role played by national policies in mediating the gains associated with GVCs. Finally, the authors note that the outcomes associated with GVCs are consistent when the sample of countries is divided into groups based on income. Practical implications The results lead us to urge policymakers to promote greater integration of business activities into GVCs to reap their benefits. Originality/value This paper contributes to the research on the impact of GVCs on DVA by emphasising the significance of the types of GVC activities and policies that improve DVA.

scholarly journals How Do Fruit and Vegetable Markets Operate in Rural India? A Qualitative Study of the Impact of Supply and Demand on Nutrition Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
Sarah H. Kehoe ◽  
Varsha Dhurde ◽  
Shilpa Bhaise ◽  
Rashmi Kale ◽  
Kalyanaraman Kumaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Impact

Background: Diets in rural India are cereal based with low intakes of micronutrient-rich foods. The value chains for nutrition approach aims to study supply and demand of such foods. This may aid in development of interventions to improve diets and livelihoods. Objectives: (1) To identify how fruit and vegetables are accessed, (2) to describe and map the structure of value chains for exemplar foods, (3) to understand how foods are priced, and (4) to explore factors that affect decisions about which crops are grown, marketed, and sold. Methods: After stakeholder consultation, we identified 2 fruits (mango and guava) and 2 vegetables (shepu and spinach) as exemplar foods. Criteria for these exemplar foods were that they should be known to participants and there should be variability in intakes. We held 24 interviews with value chain actors including farmers, wholesalers, and vendors of the exemplar foods. Data collection was stopped when no new information emerged. We used inductive thematic coding for our analysis. Results: The value chains for each of the exemplar foods were relatively simple and involved farmers, middlemen, and vendors at either city or village level. The main themes identified as being factors considered when making decisions about which foods to grow and sell were (1) farming resources and assets, (2) quality of produce, (3) environmental conditions, (4) financial factors, (5) transport availability, and (6) consumer demand. Conclusions: There are opportunities to intervene within fruit and vegetable value chains to increase availability, affordability, and access to produce in rural India. Future research is required to determine which interventions will be feasible, effective, and acceptable to the community and other stakeholders.

scholarly journals Trade costs, global value chains and economic development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Trade Frictions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South

Abstract This paper develops a model to study the impact of trade costs on developing countries’ industrialization when sequential production is networked in global value chains (GVCs). In a two-country setting, a decrease in trade costs of intermediates is associated with South joining and moving up the value chain and both North and South experiencing a welfare improvement. The wage gap between North and South first increases and then decreases. Extending the model to a multi-country setting, I show that reduced trade frictions lead to South countries joining GVCs due to wage differentials and low trade costs. This increases the wage in North but may decrease the wages of South countries that are already part of the network. Moreover, South countries that join tend to be regionally clustered. The model provides a first look at GVCs from the development angle, and raises policy questions regarding the governance of GVCs.

scholarly journals Facilitating Aligned Co-Decisions for More Sustainable Food Value Chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6551
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Petit ◽  
Gwenola Yannou-Le Bris ◽  
Claudia Eckert ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Value

The transition of existing food value chains towards greater sustainability is a societal imperative and a potential competitive factor. To succeed, some actors in the chains define new practices to establish common sustainability goals. To date, there is little evidence that the visions and values of the various actors in the chains have been leading to common solutions. This work explores the impact of collaboration on the value chain actors’ ability to jointly decide strategies for redesigning their activities. It reports on an empirical approach, which elicits the values and priorities of different stakeholders. The case takes place in the context of a value chain of the production/processing/sale of pork products. This value chain involves two French production-processing and redistribution cooperatives. Stakeholders were questioned about their prioritization of sustainability issues and these weights were applied to evaluate 12 animal feed solutions that vary in terms of the composition and geographical origin of rations, and the means and locations of their production. The results show that despite several years of cooperation, the objectives of the upstream and downstream actors remain different. The objectives of the upstream actors are driven by the economic difficulties of production and those of the downstream actors by the multiplicity of consumer demands and cost control objectives. In a reversal of the current practice marked by the economic difficulties of the actors upstream of the chain, an integrated culture could be led by bottom-up approaches to create a shared vision. Public policy would be then essential in regulating the sharing of value among actors; and in promoting chain models that help the required investments.

scholarly journals Innovation in Hungary - The Impact of EU Accession and Integration into Global Value Chains

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Szalavetz
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This paper argues that EU accession has brought about minimal changes in the patterns of innovation in Hungary. The reason why is not that the ‘EU factor’ is of minor importance; rather, it is Hungary's inability to use EU resources effectively, so as to fully benefit from EU membership. The Hungarian story also demonstrates that the EU cannot block member states from reversing reform or abusing the opportunities EU membership offers to them. We contend that globalization (global value chain integration) has more effectively contributed to Hungary's knowledge-based upgrading than Europeanization (in the sense of policy transfer; access to EU Structural & Cohesion Funds, and integration in the European Research Area). This argument is substantiated with a case study on innovation strategy design and implementation, which illustrates the ambiguous impact of Europeanization, which is contrasted with our investigation of integration in global value chains, conducted through interviews of foreign-owned manufacturing companies about their R&D-based upgrading experience.

Agriculture value chain sustainability during COVID-19: an emerging economy perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Kumari ◽  
V.G. Venkatesh ◽  
Eric Deakins ◽  
Venkatesh Mani ◽  
Sachin Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Relational Governance ◽  
Supply Chain Disruptions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

PurposeAgriculture value chains (AVCs) have experienced unprecedented disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic, with lockdowns and stringent social distancing restrictions making buying and selling behaviours complex and uncertain. This study aims provide a theoretical framework describing the stakeholder behaviours that arise in severely disrupted value chains, which give rise to inter-organisational initiatives that impact industry sustainability.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods approach is adopted, in which uncertainty theory and relational governance theory and structured interviews with 15 AVC stakeholders underpin the initial conceptual model. The framework is empirically validated via partial least squares structural equation modelling using data from an online survey of 185 AVC stakeholders based in India.FindingsThe findings reveal that buyer and supplier uncertainty created by the COVID-19 lockdowns gives rise to behaviours that encourage stakeholders to engage in relational governance initiatives. Progressive farmers and other AVC stakeholders welcome this improved information sharing, which encourages self-reliance that positively impacts agricultural productivity and sustainability.Practical implicationsThe new framework offers farmers and other stakeholders in developing nations possibilities to sustain their AVCs even in dire circumstances. In India, this also requires an enabling ecosystem to enhance smallholders' marketing power and help them take advantage of recent agricultural reforms.Originality/valueResearch is scarce into the impact of buyer and seller behaviour during extreme supply chain disruptions. This study applies relational governance and uncertainty theories, leading to a proposed risk aversion theory.

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