scholarly journals Zheng He Remains in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Ying-Kit Chan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals

In recent years, China has sought to extend its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) from Central Asia and Southeast Asia to Africa. This article argues that Chinese officials, aided by Chinese maritime archaeologists, journalists and researchers, have used discourses of heritage and history as a form of soft padding to justify China's infrastructure projects in Africa. Zheng He, a Ming dynasty admiral, who had allegedly visited East Africa in four of his seven famous voyages across the Indian Ocean, is particularly important in China's narrative of its historical relations with Africa. The details of Zheng He's engagement with Africa remain contested by historians, especially those in Western academia. The Chinese government thus supports 'sub-initiatives' of heritage and history construction, namely maritime archaeology, travel journalism and student fellowships, to substantiate the legacy of Zheng He in Africa. By suggesting that China and Africa also share the legacy of having been exploited, humiliated and victimized by European colonial powers, Chinese intellectuals have fashioned the BRI into an anti-imperialist discourse for acceptance by their African counterparts.

THE GROWING RELATION BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON INDIA AND ITS CHALLENGES AHEAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Sumanta Bhattacharya ◽  
Jayanta Kumar Ray ◽  
Shakti Sinha ◽  
Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
North East ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
String Of Pearls

China and Pakistan diplomatic relation started from 1951 which has grown over the years. China is providing humongous weapons, aircrafts and submarines to Pakistan in spite Pakistan being in debt and now Turkey has also started to provide military weapons to Pakistan, the ultimate aim to is attack India .The string of pearls is a geopolitical strategic to surround Indian peninsular from all sides by creating naval base in its neighbor countries .The economic corridor of China and Pakistan is also a weapon to keep a check on India and amplify Pakistan influence in the Indian Ocean region by providing them powerful submarines. However due to China’s belt and road initiative project which is one of the most financial risk projects has made china lost its appetite to provide money for large infrastructure projects especially in Pakistan, the disagreement between Pakistan and China on CPEC has stopped the work ahead. China is also supporting the Maoist, North- East insurgency and terrorist groups in India by providing those arms and has also attacked India through Cyber warfare. China through the string of pears, CPEC, Belt and Road initiative is trying to encircle India. Keyword: China, Pakistan, India, CPEC, String of pears, military, diplomatic relations, Indian Peninsula, Indian Ocean

scholarly journals Europe and Central Asia in China’s Belt and Road’ Initiative: A Multidimensional Analysis of Trade Intensiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Vivien Kitty Molnár ◽  
Dechun Huang ◽  
Md. Ekram Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road

From the middle of 90’s, the bilateral trade between China and Europe and Central Asia (EU-CA) has become more important in the world trade. In 2013, the Chinese government introduced its new economic policy, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which opened a new are of the world trade’s history. This paper is attempt to measure strength and nature of bilateral trading relationship between China and EU-CA. Furthermore, we are looking for the answer how the BRI is affecting on the studied countries’ economies. Many statistical indices can be used to measure international trade relations. This paper has used one such index such as trade intensity. Trade intensity indices have been calculated for the period from 1997 to 2017. Described intensity indices of bilateral trade relations, both countries will help determine how intensively countries that trade with each other. Thus, this study found that intensity between two countries is high and the BRI did not increase the trade intensiveness between China and EU-CA as we were expecting.

scholarly journals A Nova Rota da Seda e as relações sino-indianas: o desafio do "colar de pérolas" | The New Silk Road and Sino-Indian relations: the “string of pearls” challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e50594
Author(s):  
Diego Pautasso ◽  
Tiago Soares Nogara ◽  
Erik Herejk Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
String Of Pearls ◽  
The Belt And Road

A Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), também chamada de Nova Rota da Seda, representa uma importante etapa do projeto chinês de globalização e possui, portanto, evidentes implicações para os alinhamentos político-estratégicos globais e regionais. Assim, ao mesmo tempo em que produz oportunidades, também faz ascenderem contradições e rivalidades. Diante desse quadro, pretendemos analisar como a Nova Rota da Seda, em especial sua dimensão marítima no Oceano Índico, conformando o chamado colar de pérolas, afeta o padrão de relacionamento sino-indiano. Visando abordar essa complexa temática, o artigo está estruturado em três etapas. Na primeira seção, exporemos breve recapitulação das distintas dimensões de implementação da BRI. Na segunda parte, abordaremos os principais desafios concernentes à conformação do colar de pérolas. Por fim, analisaremos como o conjunto desses fatores impactam as relações sino-indianas.Palavras-chave: China; Nova Rota da Seda; Colar de pérolas.ABSTRACTThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), also called the New Silk Road, represents an important stage of the Chinese globalization project and therefore has clear implications for global and regional political-strategic alignments. Thus, while producing opportunities, it also raises contradictions and rivalries. In this scenario, we intend to analyze how the New Silk Road, especially its maritime dimension in the Indian Ocean, forming the so-called string of pearls, affects the Sino-Indian relationship pattern. The article is structured in three stages. In the first section, we will present a brief summary of the different dimensions of the Belt and Road Initiative. In the second part, we will discuss the main challenges concerning the string of pearls. Finally, we will analyze how these factors impact Sino-Indian relations.Keywords: China; New Silk Road; String of pearls. Recebido em 30 abr. 2020 | Aceito em 19 out. 2020.

scholarly journals AN EXAMINATION ON THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE OF CHINA IN 21ST CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Asghar Ullah Khan ◽  
Zain Ul Abiden Malik ◽  
Hani Fatima Malik
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean

The current research analyzes Indian concerns about China's growing impact in the Indian Ocean region, particularly the transformation activities on the China's Maritime Silk Road and China's Silk Road Economic Belt in the 21st century. The research looks deeply at the reasons for the Indian anxiety and misunderstanding of the China Belt and Road Initiative, especially the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The research also claims that global support has exposed the role of China's BRI in regional socio-economic connectivity. India, however, is the largest nation in South Asia and has a positive impact on the Indian Ocean. In other South Asian countries, apart from Pakistan, it plays an important role in the economic, military and communications. The attitude of India is very crucial to the China's BRI. As China's most significant neighbor, the Century Maritime Silk Road With respect to its economy and its military size.

scholarly journals China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: China's Strategic Ambition

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Septyanto Galan Prakoso ◽  
Andriyansyah Perdana Murtyantoro ◽  
Meisya Putri Intan Cahyani
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Descriptive Method

China’s Silk Road concept known as Belt and Road Initiative (B&R) by Xi Jinping aims at strengthening China’s economic power. One part of the initiative is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Using a qualitative descriptive method, we attempt to explain how China and Pakistan integrate themselves in several aspects such as economic, military and politics. The CPEC establishment falls under the intention of both countries to gain more advantage in several aspects. The main objective of this journal is to explain non-economic and also economic interests behind China and Pakistan relations especially China’s strategic and geopolitical interests. This journal also analyzes Chinese counter-measures against Indian influence in the Indian Ocean. The conclusion of this research shows that China gain more benefits from CPEC especially after the deployment of China’s Navy into the Gwadar Sea Port.  

Three-ness: Healing world politics with epistemic compassion

Politics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
LHM Ling
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Watershed Development ◽  
Global Responsibility ◽  
Epistemic Violence ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Great Game ◽  
The Silk Road

Epistemic compassion can help to heal world politics. It mitigates almost six centuries of Eurocentric ‘epistemic violence’ and ‘epistemicide’ with a trialectical epistemology that bridges even seemingly irreconcilable opposites. Buddhists call this process Interbeing. I draw on Daoist yin/yang dynamics for epistemology and the ancient Silk Roads as an exemplar. Subsequently, I apply this analysis to a watershed development in our contemporary political economy: China’s ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI). A $1 trillion investment scheme to link China with Europe and Russia through Central Asia, Africa, and the Indian Ocean, the BRI provokes charges of reproducing Europe’s 19th-century’s Great Game on a 21st-century scale. A trialectical epistemology offers another mode and model of global interaction for the BRI. It highlights the possibility of local agency and global responsibility for the BRI. I ask: Can epistemic compassion turn this 5.0 version of Asian Capitalism into a 2.0 version of the Silk Road Ethos? The potential exists, I argue.

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