scholarly journals Control biológico y respuesta varietal ante hongos patógenos de la caña de azúcar

Respuestas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Andreu-Rodríguez ◽  
Mabel Pérez-Gonzáles ◽  
Yolanda Morales-Gómez ◽  
Reinaldo Quiñones-Ramos

los efectos de biocontrol de Trichoderma viride (Ts-III-85) y Gliocladium Virens (Gv-02) sobre Fusarium moniliforme (Fm-01) y Thielaviopsis paradoxa (Tp-02) y el comportamiento varietal antes estos hongos patógenos se estudiaron en variedades comerciales de caña de azúcar. Para ello se efectuaron varios ensayos de laboratorio con distintos métodos de tratamiento a las estacas e inoculaciones artificiales de hongos patógenos. Los resultados mostraron el efecto de biocontrol de los hongos antagonistas sobre los hongos fitopatógenos, los síntomas fueron menores con tratamientos de T. viride y G. virens en las variedades Jaronú 60/5; Jaronú 64/19 y Cuba 1051/73. La variedad Jaronú 60/5 fue más atacada por F. moniliforme y la Cuba 1051/73 por T. paradoxa.                                                  Palabras Clave: Caña de azúcar, control biológico, Trichoderma, Gliocladium, Ustilago.

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad PADDER ◽  
Prem Nath SHARMA ◽  
Renu KAPIL ◽  
Anju PATHANIA ◽  
Om Prakash SHARMA

Three bioagents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Gliocladium virens) and five biopesticides (Achook, Neemgold, Wannis, Spictaf and Neemazal) were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. All the three antagonistic fungi caused significant inhibition of mycelial growth, maximum being with T. viride (69.21%) followed by T. harzianum (64.20%). Among the biopesticides tested at four concentrations, Wanis applied @ 1000 ?l/ml caused maximum inhibition of 82.12 per cent followed by Spictaf (52.85%). T. viride and Wanis @ 1000 ?l/ml were most effective in reducing the seed borne infection. Integration of bioagents with Bavistin showed that disease can be effectively managed with seed dressing either with Bavistin or biopesticide followed by foliar treatment with fungicide or biopesticide.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 932-940
Author(s):  
Pranami Chowdhury ◽  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
Hasna Hena Begum ◽  
Md Abul Bashar

Fifty six spotted rice grain samples of four commercially cultivated rice varieties namely BRRI 28, 29, Kalijira and Pajam were collected from 14 different districts of Bangladesh. Forty rice samples (Hybrid 2,3,4, BR7,11,12,14,16,22,23,25,26and BRRI28 to BRRI 55) were also collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute at Joydevpur. Twenty-fivespecies of fungi belonging to 15 genera were associated with these rice varieties. The isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus clavatus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A.niger, A. ochraceus, A.oryzae, A. terreus, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, C. lunata var. aeria, Drechslera oryzae, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Microdochium oryzae, Nigrospora oryzae, Penicillium spp., Pestalotiopsis guepinii, Sarocladium oryzae and Trichoderma viride. Amongst these fungi nine i.e. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus flavus Link, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Drechsler aoryzae Breda de Haan (Subramanian and Jain), Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, F. solani (Mart.) Sacc., Microdochium oryzae (Hashloka and Yokogi) Sam. and Hal., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay. and Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams and D. Hawks were found to be pathogenic to rice seeds. The most predominant fungus was D. oryzae which was followed by A. flavus and the least incidence was observed in case of F. solani and P. guepinni. Bioresearch Commu. 7(1): 932-940, 2021 (January)


1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1326-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. YATES ◽  
F. MEREDITH ◽  
W. SMART ◽  
C. W. BACON ◽  
A. J. JAWORSKI

Biocontrol activity against Fusarium moniliforme was analyzed for a Trichoderma viride strain isolated from root segments of corn plants grown in Piedmont Georgia. The isolate suppressed radial extension of F. moniliforme colonies during cocultivation on potato dextrose agar and fumonisin B1 (FB1) production during incubation of both fungi on corn kernels. T. viride decreased radial extension of F. moniliforme by 46% after 6 days and by 90% after 14 days. Furthermore, the colony diameter of F. moniliforme was less at 14 days than at 5 days, suggesting that F. moniliforme mycelia were undergoing lysis. FB1 production by F. moniliforme on corn kernels decreased by 85% when both organisms were inoculated the same day onto corn kernels and by 72% when inoculation of T. viride was delayed by 7 days after F. moniliforme inoculation. These results are the first to demonstrate that T. viride can suppress FB1 production by F. moniliforme, thereby functioning to control mycotoxin production. Thus, this isolate may be useful in biological control to inhibit F. moniliforme growth as a preharvest agent to prevent disease during plant development and/or as a postharvest agent during seed storage to suppress FB1 accumulation when kernels are dried inadequately.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Dzhalilov

Изложены факторы, способствующие развитию биологического метода защиты растений от болезней: неэффективность химических средств против ряда вредоносных заболеваний, опасность химических препаратов для здоровья человека и окружающей природной среды, удобство и экономическая выгода использования ряда биопрепаратов, соответствие современным требованиям для технологий защищенного грунта, которые предусматривают использование биологических объектов (например, насекомых-опылителей). Представлены теоретические основы биологической защиты растений от болезней – типы экологических отношений между организмами: сосуществование (отсутствие отрицательной зависимости между численностью взаимодействующих популяций), антагонизм (конкуренция за источники питания, антибиоз, паразитизм, гиперпаразитизм). Дана характеристика основным группам микроорганизмов, на основе которых созданы биопрепараты: грибы Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. koningii; Gliocladium virens), бактериии (виды родов Pseudomonas и Bacillus), вирусам и механизмам их защитного действия (для Trichoderma – направленный рост гиф антагониста в направлении к метаболитам гриба-хозяина, оплетение гифов гриба-хозяина и перфорация клеточной стенки хозяина, последующая полная колонизация хозяина, проникновение в мицелий хозяина, активный рост внутри клеток, гибель мицелия гриба-хозяина; для Pseudomonas – образование стабильных комплексов с трехвалентным железом, связывание ионов трехвалентного железа в почве, как следствие – лишение многих видов фитопатогенных грибов необходимого элемента питания, что приводит к остановке их развития). Указано на значение контроля показателей качества препаратов для успешной защиты растений от болезней (титр, чистота и биологическая активность).The factors contributing to the development of the biological method of plant protection from diseases are described: the inefficiency of chemicals against a number of harmful diseases, the danger of chemicals for human health and the environment, the convenience and economic benefits of the use of a number of biological products, compliance with modern requirements for protected soil technologies, which provide for the use of biological objects (for example, pollinators). Theoretical bases of biological protection of plants from diseases-types of ecological relations between organisms are presented: coexistence (absence of negative dependence between the number of interacting populations), antagonism (competition for food sources, antibiosis, parasitism, hyperparasitism). The characteristics of the main groups of microorganisms on the basis of which biological products are given: fungi Trichoderma viride, T.harzianum, T. koningii; Gliocladium virens), bacteriae (species of the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas), viruses and the mechanisms of their protective action (for Trichoderma – directed growth of the hyphae of the antagonist towards the metabolites of the fungus-host entanglement of the hyphae of the fungus-host and perforation of the cell wall of the host, to the complete colonization of the host, penetration into the host mycelium, the active growth inside the cells, the death of the mycelium of the fungus-host; for Pseudomonas – the formation of stable complexes with trivalent iron, binding of ferric ions in the soil, as a consequence – the deprivation of many species of phytopathogenic fungi necessary element of nutrition, which leads to a halt in their development). The importance of monitoring the quality of preparations for the successful protection of plants from diseases are noted: titer, purity and biological activity.


2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Rokeya Haq ◽  
Shamim Shamsi

Fifteen species of fungi belonging to ten genera were found to be associated with Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Harnem. The species are Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze ex Pers.) Wiltshire, Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger van Tiegh, Chaetomium Kunze, Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & Curt.) Arx, Colletotrichum dematium (Pres. Ex Fr.) Grove, Curvularia pallescens Boedijn,, Fusarium moniliforme Shelden, Fusarium sp., Melasmia Lev, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma harzianum Pers. and Trichoderma viride Pers. This is the first record of association of the fungi with Leea macrophylla from Bangladesh. All the identified fungi were tested for their pathogenic potentiality. Colletotrichum dematium, Curvularia pallescens, and Fusarium sp. produced symptoms on artificially inoculated leaves of Leea macrophylla. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12972 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 257-262, 2012


Helia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (68) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
N.I. Kostyuchenko ◽  
V.A. Lyakh

AbstractThe genus and species composition of the micromycete complex in the root zone (rhizoplane, rhizosphere and edaphosphere) of sunflower at the beginning of flowering and full maturity stages during its cultivation on leached chernozem was studied. It was established that representatives of the genera Aspergillus, Botrytis, Gliocladium, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Trichoderma formed the complex of typical fungi of the rhizoplane and rhizosphere. At the stage of flowering in the mycocenosis, the species Paecilomyces lilacinus, Paecilomyces variotii and Trichoderma viride dominated, and in the maturity stage Rhizopus nigricans, Penicillium nigricans, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans prevailed. The phytopathogenic complex at the flowering stage formed the species of the genera Fusarium and Rhizopus, and by the end of the vegetation the variety of potential pathogens was expanded by representatives of the genera Alternaria, Botrytis and Gliocladium. A comparative analysis of the micromycete complex revealed a similarity of the dominant species of the rhizoplane and rhizosphere in different stages of sunflower development. However, by the end of the vegetation in the rhizosphere, compared to rhizoplane, the abundance of fungi of the species Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans and Penicillium nigricans increased significantly. As for edaphosphere, Rhizopus nigricans, Trichoderma viride and Penicillium nigricans dominated during sunflower flowering, and by the end of the crop vegetation the number of micromycetes of the genus Fusarium was reduced while the proportion of micromycetes of the genus Rhizopus increased significantly.


Author(s):  
S. B. Gawade ◽  
S. R. Zanjare ◽  
A. V. Suryawanshi ◽  
V. R. Shelar

Seeds of mungbean (Cv. Vaibhav) was treated with bioagents and botanicals <italic>viz;</italic> talc powder formulations of <italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens</italic> (0.6%), <italic>Trichoderma viride</italic> (0.6%), <italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichoderma viride</italic> (0.6%) each, garlic extract (1%), ginger extract (1%) and Thiram + Carbendazim (0.2% each) as a recommended fungicidal check. The results indicated that, among the bioagents the treatment of <italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichoderma viride</italic> (0.6% each) to the seeds of mungbean was effective in reducing seed mycoflora <italic>viz; Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Macrophomina phaseolena</italic>, <italic>Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger</italic> and <italic>Fusarium moniliforme</italic> by 88.5, 85.1, 64.9, 81.1, 75.0 and 100 per cent, respectively over untreated control. The seed germination, seedling vigour index and field emergence of mungbean was increased by 21.81, 34.03 and 15.98 per cent, respectively with this treatment over untreated control. The seed germination, seedling vigour index and field emergence in untreated control was 71.83 per cent, 2261.52 and 67.83 per cent, respectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Olga Georgieva ◽  
◽  
Natalia Karadzhova ◽  
Slavka Kalapchieva ◽  
◽  
...  

The possibilities of using the biological products “Trichodermine” (Trichoderma viride Pers ex Fr.), “Gliocladine” (Gliocladium virens Miller et al.) and the mycorrhizal activator “Rhizo VAM Basic” (Glomus intraradices Schenck&Smith) for control of fungal diseases in garden pea and and their impact on the biometric indicators of young plants were studied. Biological preparations based on antagonistic fungi Trichoderma viride and Gliocladium virens improve the phytosanitary condition of the plants, the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices stimulates the formation of the root system and tuber formation, but has a weak fungicidal effect against Fusarium wilt in this culture. The experiment was performed on an artificial infectious background by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. pisi (Hal.) Raillo, isolated from diseased plants. The effect of application of the biological products“Trichodermine” and “Gliocladine” is 34-68%, from “Rhizo VAM Basic” - 8% compared to the infected control. The combined application of biological preparations with fungicidal and mycorrhizal action significantly protects the crop from infection with the causative agent of Fusarium wilt of garden pea.


2019 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Xesús Rábade Paredes
Keyword(s):  

María Victoria Moreno non foi profesora nin escritora tópica. Como García Lorca, a quen estuda e admira, Galicia entrou nela como un signo profundo e verdadeiro que a impresiona, principalmente a través do amor e a terra, notas ambas e dúas de percepción cutánea, sensorial, que impregnan toda a súa produción na nosa lingua. Biografía e texto creativo son indisolubles na autora, que encara vida e obra como viaxe no mundo para facer o ben. Tal cosmovisión, anagnórise ou recoñecemento substánciase nunha serie de conceptos ou palabras clave que percorren os seus versos e as súas prosas.


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