scholarly journals Changing light promotes isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean pods and enhances their resistance to mildew infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoman Li ◽  
Cai-qiong Yang ◽  
Jun-cai Deng ◽  
Congwei Xie ◽  
Xinli Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
First Line ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Isoflavone Biosynthesis ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Changing Light

Mildew severely reduces soybean yield and quality, and pods are the first line of defense against pathogens. Maize-soybean intercropping (MSI) reduces mildew incidence on soybean pods; however, the reason remains unclear. Previous studies confirmed the key function of soy isoflavone in soybean mildew resistance, while changing light (CL) from maize shading is the most important environmental feature in MSI. CL also regulates isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean seeds. We hypothesized that CL affects isoflavone accumulation in soybean pods, impacting their disease resistance. In the present study, shading treatments were applied during different developmental stages of soybean plants according to various CL environments under MSI. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) and classical evaluation methods confirmed that CL, especially vegetative stage shading (VS), enhances pod resistance to mildew. Further metabolomic analyses and exogenous inhibitor experiments revealed the important relationship between jasmonic acid (JA) and isoflavone biosynthesis, which has a synergistic effect on the enhanced resistance of CL-treated pods to mildew. VS promoted the biosynthesis and accumulation of constitutive isoflavones upstream of the isoflavone pathway, such as aglycones and glycosides, in soybean pods. When mildew infects pods, endogenous JA signaling stimulates the biosynthesis of downstream inducible malonylated isoflavones and glyceolin to improve pod resistance.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Foliar Dressing with Micronutrient Fertilizers in Soybean Cultivation Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
M.A. Belik ◽  
◽  
T.A. Yurina ◽  
O.N. Negreba ◽  
M.E. Chaplygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Soybean Plants

The results of testing micronutrientcontained fertilizers developed by Spetsagrokhim LLC and BioEra-Penza LLC in the industrial agrotechnology of soybean cultivation are presented. Based on the results of phenological observations during the entire growing season, the effect of the studied preparations on the growth and development of soybean plants has been assessed. The conditions for the application of micronutrient-contained fertilizers are given according to the recommendations of the developers and taking into account the conducted soil analysis for each option studied. A comparative assessment of the number of formed nodules on soybean roots in the studied options is presented and the influence of the selected options on the formation of yield and quality of soybean seeds is analyzed.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Characterization of Jasmonates Signaling Components Reveals the Essential Role of ZmCOI1a-ZmJAZ15 Action Module in Regulating Maize Immunity to Gibberella Stalk Rot

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Liang Ma ◽  
Yali Sun ◽  
Xinsen Ruan ◽  
Pei-Cheng Huang ◽  
Shi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Function Module ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Signaling Components

Gibberella stalk rot (GSR) by Fusarium graminearum causes significant losses of maize production worldwide. Jasmonates (JAs) have been broadly known in regulating defense against pathogens through the homeostasis of active JAs and COI-JAZ-MYC function module. However, the functions of different molecular species of JAs and COI-JAZ-MYC module in maize interactions with Fusarium graminearum and regulation of diverse metabolites remain unknown. In this study, we found that exogenous application of MeJA strongly enhanced resistance to GSR. RNA-seq analysis showed that MeJA activated multiple genes in JA pathways, which prompted us to perform a genome-wide screening of key JA signaling components in maize. Yeast Two-Hybrid, Split-Luciferase, and Pull-down assays revealed that the JA functional and structural mimic coronatine (COR) functions as an essential ligand to trigger the interaction between ZmCOIa and ZmJAZ15. By deploying CRISPR-cas9 knockout and Mutator insertional mutants, we demonstrated that coi1a mutant is more resistant, whereas jaz15 mutant is more susceptible to GSR. Moreover, JA-deficient opr7-5opr8-2 mutant displayed enhanced resistance to GSR compared to wild type. Together, these results provide strong evidence that ZmJAZ15 plays a pivotal role, whereas ZmCOIa and endogenous JA itself might function as susceptibility factors, in maize immunity to GSR.

scholarly journals Selection of Trichoderma spp. strains for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Elias Haddad ◽  
Luis Garrigós Leite ◽  
Cleusa Maria Mantovanello Lucon ◽  
Ricardo Harakava
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate, in vitro and in vivo, the potential of Trichoderma spp. strains to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybeans (Glycine max) and to perform the molecular identification of the best perfoming strains. The effect of 120 strains of Trichoderma spp. on the viability of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia was evaluated in vitro through immersion in suspension of conidia from the antagonists and plating in culture medium. The best performing strains were evaluated in vivo, in a greenhouse, for control of the pathogen inoculated on 'Pintado' soybean seeds and plants. Of the 120 strains tested in vitro, 22 strains of Trichoderma spp. caused 100% inhibition of sclerotia germination. In the greenhouse, five strains inhibited the negative effect of the pathogen on seed germination and two strains increased in up to 67% plant dry matter. The best performing strains were identified as T. koningiopsis (3 strains), T. asperelloides (3), T. atroviride (2), and T. virens (1). Trichoderma strains are able to protect soybean plants from the harmful effect of S. sclerotiorum and, at the same time, they can promote the growth of the aerial part in greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals MATE-Type Proteins Are Responsible for Isoflavone Transportation and Accumulation in Soybean Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 12017
Author(s):  
Ming-Sin Ng ◽  
Yee-Shan Ku ◽  
Wai-Shing Yung ◽  
Sau-Shan Cheng ◽  
Chun-Kuen Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Vacuolar Membrane ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Isoflavone Biosynthesis ◽  
Seed Isoflavone ◽  
Total Seed

Soybeans are nutritionally important as human food and animal feed. Apart from the macronutrients such as proteins and oils, soybeans are also high in health-beneficial secondary metabolites and are uniquely enriched in isoflavones among food crops. Isoflavone biosynthesis has been relatively well characterized, but the mechanism of their transportation in soybean cells is largely unknown. Using the yeast model, we showed that GmMATE1 and GmMATE2 promoted the accumulation of isoflavones, mainly in the aglycone forms. Using the tobacco BrightYellow-2 (BY-2) cell model, GmMATE1 and GmMATE2 were found to be localized in the vacuolar membrane. Such subcellular localization supports the notion that GmMATE1 and GmMATE2 function by compartmentalizing isoflavones in the vacuole. Expression analyses showed that GmMATE1 was mainly expressed in the developing soybean pod. Soybean mutants defective in GmMATE1 had significantly reduced total seed isoflavone contents, whereas the overexpression of GmMATE1 in transgenic soybean promoted the accumulation of seed isoflavones. Our results showed that GmMATE1, and possibly also GmMATE2, are bona fide isoflavone transporters that promote the accumulation of isoflavones in soybean seeds.

scholarly journals Utilización de aceite quemado y paraquat en la desecación de soya y sus efectos en la calidad de la semilla durante el almacenamiento

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
R. Ibañez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Used Engine Oil ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Germination Vigor

The assay was conducted in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil, to compare the effect of used engine oil with to paraquat (Gramoxone) applied during the physiological maturition of soybean seeds (Glicyne max (L.) Merrill), Bragg variety. The oil doses were 5.3, 8.5 and 12 l/ha. The desiccation intensity was determined and 30 pods per plot were periodically collected to follow the humidity content of the seeds, to 18%. The humidity was later reduced to 10.5 +0.5 and 2.0 kg of seeds were stored, in cotton bags,during 6 months under the environmental conditions at the Centro de Entrenamiento de Semillas of the Federal University of Pelotas. The seeds were subjected to germination, vigor and phytosanitary tests at harvest time and after 3 and 6 months of storage. Under the conditions of this trial, the doses of 12 l/ha of oil and 2 l/ha of paraquat: a) act as desiccants for soybean plants, b) favors the production of seeds with better viability and vigor after 6 months of storage and c) guarantied better sanitary seed quality after 6 months of storage.

scholarly journals Plowshare for Growing Ecologically Safe Soybeans

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
V. V. Epifantsev ◽  
Ya. A. Osipov ◽  
Yu. A. Vaytekhovich
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Regular Increase

The authors showed that strip sowing with the paw plowshare allows soybean plants to branch better, and branches with leaves of nearby rows do not close for a long time, mowing vegetation between the strips reduces the total number of weeds, the chemical load on the crops, and ensures environmental safety of the products.(Research purpose) To determine the seed distribution parameters by the paw plowshare according to the area of the sowing strip and the depth of seed placement, to establish the effect of the plowshare of different types on the weediness of crops and soybean yield after various preceding crops.(Materials and methods) The authors studied the equability of soybean seeds distribution with the paw plowshare on the surface of the grooved tub, adhesive tape, and in the soil according to the following indicators: spread width, number of seeds per unit area, and placement depth. They conducted a comparative field experiment; in different years according to meteorological conditions, on a typical meadow black earth soil, soybean was sown with seeders with plowshare of two designs after various preceding crops: steam, wheat and soy.(Results and discussion) It was determined that the paw plowshare the specified sowing row width of 0.18-0.20 meters at the channel soil at a depth of 0.05 meters. The deviation from the equability of the sown seeds distribution over the area was determined 0.93-1.56 percent. It was found that strip sowing with the paw plowshare and further mowing of weeds between the strips reduced the weediness of soybean crops after fallow land by 67.7 percent, after wheat by 66.5 percent and after soybean by 65.4 percent, increasing its yield compared to ordinary sowing with a disc plowshare.(Conclusions) The authors established a regular increase in soybean productivity when sowing with the paw plowshare: after naked fallow – by 0.59 tons per hectare, after wheat – by 0.51, after soy – by 0.21 tons. They suggested using seeders with paw plowshare 0.2 meters wide at a distance of 0.6 meters from each other for growing ecologically safe soybean seeds in the Amur region.

scholarly journals Development of RR soybean in function of glyphosate doses and Bradyrhizobium inoculation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 854-858
Author(s):  
João W. Bossolani ◽  
Nadia M. Poloni ◽  
Edson Lazarini ◽  
João V. T. Bettiol ◽  
João A. Fischer Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Outdoor Experiment ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT Soybean has traditionally been produced in systems that include the use of herbicides, often in higher than recommended doses. The process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes can be hampered by these herbicides, both by direct effects on rhizobia and indirect effects on the host plant. An outdoor experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of different doses of a glyphosate herbicide on Bradyrhizobium strains and biological nitrogen fixation in soybean BMX Potência RR plants. Soybean seeds were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii (SEMIA 5019) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (SEMIA 5079) strains in a commercial liquid inoculant. The treatments consisted of the absence and presence of Bradyrhizobium genotypes inoculated via seed and four doses of the herbicide glyphosate applied on the leaves (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 L ha-1 of the commercial product) at the V3 stage. The leaf chlorophyll index of inoculated RR soybean plants did not change on the application of glyphosate and, regardless of inoculation, plants had the capacity to recover from the effects of glyphosate application, without impaired development.

scholarly journals Adhesion of uredospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean seeds and their viability during storage

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Elisandra Batista Zambenedetti Magnani ◽  
Elisabeth Aparecida Furtado de Mendonça ◽  
Maria Cristina de Figueiredo e Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Production Areas

To study adhesion and viability of uredospores of the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean seeds during storage, suspension tests of those uredospores were carried out by washing seeds at each 30 days interval. Furthermore, germination and inoculation tests of uredospores on soybean plants were performed with uredospores collected from seeds of two soybean production areas, located in the municipalities "Chapada dos Guimarães" and "Tangará da Serra", State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. High levels of uredospores infestation were detected before storage [249.31 and 85.18 uredospores/100 seeds (U/100)] on seeds collected in both localities, respectively. After 30 days storage, these figures were 46.12 and 122.5 U/100; at 60 days were 14.62 and 26.62 U/100; and at 90 days were only 2.87 and 3,68 U/100, respectively; dropping to zero after 120 days storage. The percentage of germinated uredospores decreased with increasing storage periods and at 120 days germination percentage was nil. When uredospores were inoculated on soybean plants, rust symptoms were only observed for uredospores collected from freshly harvested seeds. Uredospores associated to soybean seed germinate until 90 days after storage, but are not viable after this time span. Infection of plants only occurs with inoculation of uredospores obtained from freshly harvested seeds.

scholarly journals Soybeans Competitiveness with Morning Glory

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
F. PICCININI ◽  
T.N. MARTIN ◽  
S.L.O. MACHADO ◽  
N.D. KRUSE ◽  
R. SCHMATZ
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Herbicide Use

Weeds interfere negatively on development, yield and quality of soybeans (Glycine max). Inadequate weed control by herbicide use can select for resistant or tolerant biotypes, leading to a shift in the weed flora. An example is the increase of incidence of morning glory (Ipomoea spp.) in soybeans growing areas in South Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the competitiveness of soybeans intercropped with I. triloba, I. indivisa and I. purpurea through a replacement experiments series. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The first experiment was carried out aiming to get the plant population while total plant dry mass remained constant. Other experiments were done under replacement series experiments with soybeans and morning glory ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 100:0 using the 250 plant m-2 defined by the preliminary experiment. Leaf area, root and shoots dry mass were assessed. Diagrams along with index interpretation were used to performed a competitiveness analysis. Soybeans showed greater competitiveness as I. triloba, I. purpurea and I. indivisa species for the leaf area, root and shoots dry mass variables. Intraspecific competition prevails between soybean plants whilst interspecific competition prevails for morning glory.

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