scholarly journals Plant pathogen mediates rapid adaptation of insect to new host plant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Ali ◽  
Nan Bai ◽  
Fengyin Yang ◽  
Xiaoyue Hu ◽  
Yongmo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
New Host ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Host Plant Adaptation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Melon Aphid

The cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, an extremely polyphagous pest insect, comprises of sympatric populations specialized on deferent host plants. The life history of A. gossypii infesting cucurbit crops remains elusive because oviparous aphids from overwintering hosts (often hibiscus) cannot colonize cucurbit crops. We verified that the hibiscus-specialized lineage (HI) suffered high mortality and gave birth to very few nymphs developing into yellow dwarfs when transferred to fresh cucumber because the HI lineage was unable to ingest phloem sap from fresh cucumber. However, the HI lineage ingested phloem sap successfully when cucumber leaves were pre-infected with Pseudoperonospora cubensis, a biotrophic phytopathogen, accompanied by significant fitness improvement. More surprisingly, the HI lineage with feeding experience on pre-infected cucumber for two generations performed as well as the cucumber-specialized lineage (CU) did on fresh cucumber, and inflicted typical damage symptom to healthy cucumber plant. This phytopathogen mediated host plant adaptation may be widespread in polyphagous aphids.

scholarly journals Genomic Traces of the Fruit Fly Anastrepha obliqua Associated with Its Polyphagous Nature

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Elkin Aguirre-Ramirez ◽  
Sandra Velasco-Cuervo ◽  
Nelson Toro-Perea
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Protein Families ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
New Host ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anastrepha Obliqua

Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important pest in the neotropical region. It is considered a polyphagous insect, meaning it infests plants of different taxonomic families and readily colonizes new host plants. The change to new hosts can lead to diversification and the formation of host races. Previous studies investigating the effect of host plants on population structure and selection in Anastrepha obliqua have focused on the use of data from the mitochondrial DNA sequence and microsatellite markers of nuclear DNA, and there are no analyses at the genomic level. To better understand this issue, we used a pooled restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (pooled RAD-seq) approach to assess genomic differentiation and population structure across sympatric populations of Anastrepha obliqua that infest three host plants—Spondias purpurea (red mombin), Mangifera indica (mango) of the family Anacardiaceae and Averrhoa carambola (carambola) of the family Oxalidaceae—in sympatric populations of the species Anastrepha obliqua of Inter-Andean Valley of the Cauca River in southwestern Colombia. Our results show genomic differentiation of populations from carambola compared to mango and red mombin populations, but the genetic structure was mainly established by geography rather than by the host plant. On the other hand, we identified 54 SNPs in 23 sequences significantly associated with the use of the host plant. Of these 23 sequences, we identified 17 candidate genes and nine protein families, of which four protein families are involved in the nutrition of these flies. Future studies should investigate the adaptive processes undergone by phytophagous insects in the Neotropics, using fruit flies as a model and state-of-the-art molecular tools.

scholarly journals Host Plant Determines the Population Size of an Obligate Symbiont (Buchnera aphidicola) in Aphids

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 2336-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Chen Zhang ◽  
Wen-Jie Cao ◽  
Le-Rong Zhong ◽  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Xiang-Dong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
In The Wild

ABSTRACTBuchnera aphidicolais an obligate endosymbiont that provides aphids with several essential nutrients. Though much is known about aphid-Buchnerainteractions, the effect of the host plant onBuchnerapopulation size remains unclear. Here we used quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques to explore the effects of the host plant onBuchneradensities in the cotton-melon aphid,Aphis gossypii.Buchneratiters were significantly higher in populations that had been reared on cucumber for over 10 years than in populations maintained on cotton for a similar length of time. Aphids collected in the wild from hibiscus and zucchini harbored moreBuchnerasymbionts than those collected from cucumber and cotton. The effect of aphid genotype on the population size ofBuchneradepended on the host plant upon which they fed. When aphids from populations maintained on cucumber or cotton were transferred to novel host plants, host survival andBuchnerapopulation size fluctuated markedly for the first two generations before becoming relatively stable in the third and later generations. Host plant extracts from cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, and cowpea added to artificial diets led to a significant increase inBuchneratiters in the aphids from the population reared on cotton, while plant extracts from cotton and zucchini led to a decrease inBuchneratiters in the aphids reared on cucumber. Gossypol, a secondary metabolite from cotton, suppressedBuchnerapopulations in populations from both cotton and cucumber, while cucurbitacin from cucurbit plants led to higher densities. Together, the results suggest that host plants influenceBuchnerapopulation processes and that this may provide phenotypic plasticity in host plant use for clonal aphids.

scholarly journals The immature stages of Elachista zonulae (Sruoga, 1992) (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Baran
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
New Host ◽  
Mature Larva ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The morphology of larva and pupa, as well as larval mines of Elachista zonulae (Sruoga, 1992) are described and illustrated for the first time. Carex firma Host is reported as a new host plant ofthe species; previously only Carex sempervirens Vill. was known to be host plant of E. zonulae. Some information on life history of this elachistid moth is also provided. The mature larva is 4.5—5.5 mm long. Pupation takes place usually at base of leaf blade of the food plant. The species is univoltine and hibernates as young larva.

Highly conserved genes expressed in aphid saliva are candidates for host plant adaptation in Aphis gossypii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Boissot ◽  
Leslie Dutartre-Fricaux ◽  
Coralie Beucher ◽  
Flavie Vanlerberghe
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Host Plant Adaptation ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Compatible Interactions

Abstract BackgroundAphids are major crop pests, most species attacking crops specialize on a narrow range of plant species from a single family. By contrast, Aphis gossypii is a highly polyphagous species, for which host races specializing on particular crops have been clearly described. Salivary components, which aphids inject into the phloem via their stylets, play a key role in establishing compatible interactions between plants and aphids, and are probably involved in specialization.ResultsWe used the extensive resources available for Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum to identify putative salivary proteins expressed in Aphis gossypii, despite the lack of genomic resources for this species. In silico, we identified 51 putative salivary proteins; we focused on 17 genes with orthologs in at least one aphid species, assuming that some of the conserved genes expressed in salivary glands are involved in host specialization. We amplified and sequenced 10 coding sequences in full, from 17 clones of Aphis gossypii specialising on plants from Malvaceae, Cucurbitaceae or Solanaceae. We reconstructed the phylogenetic tree for these genes, on which we identified a clade corresponding to all clones specializing on cucurbits. Three of these genes were under positive selection.ConclusionsFull adaptation to a particular host plant may require a combination of alleles at quantitative trait loci in aphids. The three genes we identified could potentially be part of a cocktail of effectors manipulating the immune system of cucurbits and therefore responsible for A. gossypii specialization on that plant family.

A LOOSESTRIFE SAWFLY, MONOSTEGIA ABDOMINALIS (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Price
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
High Population ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
New Host ◽  
Lake Shore ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
Two Generations

AbstractA new host record for the sawfly Monostegia abdominalis (F.) was obtained in Quebec. The host plant, terrestrial loosestrife (Lysimachia terrestris (L.) BSP), was abundant on a lake shore due to regular flooding, enabling the sawfly to reach a high population level. Two generations occurred each year. The immature stages and aspects of their behaviour, and female oviposition behaviour, are described.

Tritrophic Interactions of Cucumber Cultivar, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Its Predator Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1774-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdossamad Zahedi ◽  
Jabraeil Razmjou ◽  
Hooshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi ◽  
Norman C Leppla ◽  
Ali Golizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hippodamia Variegata ◽  
Melon Aphid

Abstract The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a cosmopolitan pest that infests and damages a wide range of crop plants, especially cucurbits. It is a host of the coccinellid predator, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), that has the potential to suppress the pest on leaves of cucumber plants grown in greenhouses. Melon aphids were reared on either Storm or Khasib cucumber cultivars to determine whether there would be a difference in their development and reproduction. The aphids from each cultivar were fed to H. variegata adults to assess their effects on the life history of the predator. The aphid population reared on Khasib leaves increased faster than the population on Storm leaves; however, the predators fed aphids from Storm leaves had a higher rate of population growth. Thus, the intrinsic rate of increase and net reproductive rate were greater for aphids reared on Khasib leaves but lower for H. variegata fed those aphids compared with aphids reared on the Storm cultivar. Additionally, clean and aphid-infested leaves from both cultivars were analyzed for total flavonoids, phenol, and chlorophyll, and the density of leaf trichomes was measured. The Storm leaves contained higher amounts of flavonoids and phenol, less chlorophyll, and a greater density of trichomes. Regardless of cucurbit cultivar, aphid feeding increased the flavonoids and phenol content and decreased the amount of chlorophyll.

Susceptibility of Aphis gossypii (Glover) to Insecticides as Affected by Host Plant Using a Rapid Bioassay

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. McKenzie ◽  
B. Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Field Bioassay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Rapid Bioassay ◽  
Melon Aphid

The susceptibility of Aphis gossypii (Glover) reared on watermelon or cotton to seven insecticides was determined using a Petri dish bioassay. Baseline susceptibility values to each insecticide for susceptible laboratory A. gossypii colonies varied between host plants, but aphids reared on cotton were generally more tolerant to insecticides than aphids from watermelon. The ratio of relative susceptibility of cotton aphids to melon aphids was as much as 1000 with dimethoate or 415 with bifenthrin, however, no significant differences in susceptibility was observed with chlorpyrifos between aphid populations from the two host plants. Orders of toxicity for the seven insecticides varied between host plant, but on watermelon, the order of toxicity was bifenthrin > oxydemeton-methyl > methomyl > dicrotophos > dimethoate > chlorpyrifos > endosulfan. Because of the wide range of response to insecticide doses observed with bifenthrin on melon aphid and with dimethoate and endosulfan against cotton aphid, use of the Petri dish bioassay method as a discriminating-dose field bioassay for these insecticides may not provide consistent estimations of the resistant nature of field populations. Bioassay data taken at 3 h were generally more consistent and provided a more predictive mortality model than those taken at 2 or 4 h for most insecticides. LC50 values estimated for dimethoate with melon aphids using leaf-spray or leaf residue bioassays differed little from LC50 values estimated with the Petri dish bioassay. Because Petri dish bioassays cost less than half as much as plant-based bioassays, provide comparable results, and require less assay time, this method is more suitable for use in monitoring for insecticide resistance in melon aphid.

Response of the melon aphid,Aphis gossypii, to host-plant resistance: evidence for high adaptive potential despite low genetic variability

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lombaert ◽  
Jérôme Carletto ◽  
Christine Piotte ◽  
Xavier Fauvergue ◽  
Hervé Lecoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Melon Aphid

Mango: A new host plant for the lycaeinid Anthene lycaenina lycaenina (R. Felder, 1868)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
J. Nayanathara ◽  
R. Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Time

Anthene lycaenina lycaenina (R. Felder, 1868) is reported on mango for the first time.

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