scholarly journals Asymmetric pathogen spillover favors exotic plants over natives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Waller ◽  
Warwick Allen ◽  
Amanda Black ◽  
Jonathan Tonkin ◽  
Jason Tylianakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Indirect Benefit ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Feedback ◽  
Competitive Hierarchies ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Exotic plants can escape from specialist pathogenic microorganisms in their new range, but may simultaneously accumulate generalist pathogens. This creates the potential for pathogen spillover, which could alter plant-competitive hierarchies via apparent competition. To assess the potential for and consequences of pathogen spillover in invaded communities, we conducted a community-level plant-soil feedback experiment in experimental communities that ranged in the extent of exotic dominance, using next-generation sequencing to characterize sharing of putatively-pathogenic, root-associated fungi (hereafter, ‘pathogens’). Exotic plants outperformed natives in communities, despite being subject to stronger negative plant-soil feedbacks in monoculture and harboring higher relative abundance of pathogens. Exotic plants made more general associations with pathogens, making them more prone to sharing pathogens with natives and exerting apparent competition. These data suggest that exotic plants accumulate generalist pathogens that are shared with native plants, conferring an indirect benefit to exotic, over native plants.

scholarly journals Exotic plants accumulate and share herbivores yet dominate communities via rapid growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warwick J. Allen ◽  
Lauren P. Waller ◽  
Barbara I. P. Barratt ◽  
Ian A. Dickie ◽  
Jason M. Tylianakis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Exotic Plant Invasion ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Invasion Hypotheses ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Invertebrate Herbivores

AbstractHerbivores may facilitate or impede exotic plant invasion, depending on their direct and indirect interactions with exotic plants relative to co-occurring natives. However, previous studies investigating direct effects have mostly used pairwise native-exotic comparisons with few enemies, reached conflicting conclusions, and largely overlooked indirect interactions such as apparent competition. Here, we ask whether native and exotic plants differ in their interactions with invertebrate herbivores. We manipulate and measure plant-herbivore and plant-soil biota interactions in 160 experimental mesocosm communities to test several invasion hypotheses. We find that compared with natives, exotic plants support higher herbivore diversity and biomass, and experience larger proportional biomass reductions from herbivory, regardless of whether specialist soil biota are present. Yet, exotics consistently dominate community biomass, likely due to their fast growth rates rather than strong potential to exert apparent competition on neighbors. We conclude that polyphagous invertebrate herbivores are unlikely to play significant direct or indirect roles in mediating plant invasions, especially for fast-growing exotic plants.

scholarly journals Metagenomic next-generation sequencing diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary infectious lesions through virtual navigation, radial EBUS, ultrathin bronchoscopy, and ROSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 4878-4885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Liu ◽  
Jianying Kan ◽  
Wenbin Cao ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
Erlie Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Peripheral Lung ◽  
Site Evaluation ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combined rapid on-site evaluation of cytology (ROSE), ultrathin bronchoscopy, virtual bronchoscopic navigation, radial endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary infectious lesions. Methods Specimens from patients with peripheral lung infection were obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and mNGS was used to detect pathogenic microorganisms. The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS were compared between TBLB tissue and BAL fluid. Results The most common pathogens of pulmonary infectious lesions in this study were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The specificity of mNGS was higher in TBLB tissue than in BAL fluid, but mNGS of BAL fluid had higher sensitivity. Conclusions The combination of ROSE, ultrathin bronchoscopy, virtual bronchoscopic navigation, radial EBUS, and mNGS technology yielded high efficacy for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary infectious lesions. TBLB and BAL specimens have respective advantages in specificity and sensitivity for mNGS analysis.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of a Metagenomics-Based Assay for Pneumonia Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangqing Zhan ◽  
Teng Xu ◽  
Fusheng He ◽  
Wei-jie Guan ◽  
Zhengtu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Missed Diagnoses

Clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in pneumonia management is still controversial. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the clinical impact of PneumoSeq in 57 immunocompetent (ICO) and 75 immunocompromised (ICH) pneumonia patients. The value of PneumoSeq for both etiological and clinical impact investigation in pneumonia was assessed. Among the 276 potential pathogens detected with PneumoSeq in our cohort, 251 (90.9%) were cross-validated. Clinical diagnoses of the causative pathogens were obtained for 97 patients, 90.7% of which were supported by PneumoSeq. Compared to conventional testing, PneumoSeq suggested potentially missed diagnoses in 16.7% of cases (22/132), involving 48 additional pathogenic microorganisms. In 58 (43.9%) cases, PneumoSeq data led to antimicrobial treatment de-escalation (n = 12 in ICO, n = 18 in ICH) and targeted treatment initiation (n = 7 in ICO, n = 21 in ICH). The PneumoSeq assay benefited the diagnosis and clinical management of both ICH and ICO pneumonia patients in real-world settings.

scholarly journals Exotic airborne bacteria identified in urban resuspended dust by next generation sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Nora Kováts ◽  
Eszter Horváth ◽  
Katalin Hubai ◽  
András Hoffer ◽  
Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Siberian Permafrost ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Airborne Transport

The airborne transport of bacteria is a well-known phenomenon, making it possible to exchange species between ecosystems, but it also provides a tool for spreading of pathogenic microorganisms. As part of a large-scale study, microbial community of inhalable and respirable fractions (PM1-10) of resuspended dust collected in Budapest (Hungary) has been characterised by culture-independent next generation sequencing (NGS) of variable 16S rRNA gene regions. Apart from common, mostly ubiqituos soil and organic material-dwelling bacteria, exotic airborne species have been identified, such as Variovorax ginsengisoli, previously isolated from Korean ginseng fields or Exiguobacterium sibiricum, isolated from the Siberian permafrost.

scholarly journals Local dominance of exotic plants declines with residence time: a role for plant–soil feedback?

AoB Plants ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja A.A. Speek ◽  
Joop H.J. Schaminée ◽  
Jeltje M. Stam ◽  
Lambertus A.P. Lotz ◽  
Wim A. Ozinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Feedback ◽  
Local Dominance

Labordiagnostik bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Marcus Kleber
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Kolorektales Karzinom ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas kolorektale Karzinom (KRK) ist einer der häufigsten malignen Tumoren in Deutschland. Einer frühzeitigen Diagnostik kommt große Bedeutung zu. Goldstandard ist hier die Koloskopie. Die aktuelle S3-Leitlinie Kolorektales Karzinom empfiehlt zum KRK-Screening den fäkalen okkulten Bluttest. Für das Monitoring von Patienten vor und nach Tumorresektion werden die Messung des Carcinoembryonalen Antigens (CEA) und der Mikrosatellitenstabilität empfohlen. Für die Auswahl der korrekten Chemotherapie scheint derzeit eine Überprüfung des Mutationsstatus, mindestens des KRAS-Gens und des BRAF-Gens, sinnvoll zu sein. Eine Reihe an neuartigen Tumormarkern befindet sich momentan in der Entwicklung, hat jedoch noch nicht die Reife für eine mögliche Anwendung in der Routinediagnostik erreicht. Den schnellsten Weg in die breite Anwendung können Next-Generation-Sequencing-basierte genetische Tests finden.

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