scholarly journals The ACID PHOSPHATASE 1 regulates Pi stress adaptation by maintaining intracellular Pi homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Deng ◽  
Jingyi Li ◽  
Zezhen Du ◽  
Zixuan Wu ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Pi Homeostasis ◽  
Pi Starvation ◽  
Human Acid ◽  
Intracellular Phosphate ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pi Stress

The concentration and homeostasis of intracellular phosphate (Pi) are crucial for sustaining cell metabolism and growth. During short-term Pi starvation, intracellular Pi is maintained relatively constant at the expense of vacuolar Pi. After the vacuolar stored Pi is exhausted, the plant cells induce the synthesis of intracellular acid phosphatase (APase) to recycle Pi from expendable organic phosphate (Po). In this study, the expression, enzymatic activity and subcellular localization of ACID PHOSPHATASE 1 (OsACP1) were determined. OsACP1 expression is specifically induced in almost all cell types of leaves and roots under Pi stress conditions. OsACP1 encodes an acid phosphatase with broad Po substrates and localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA). Phylogenic analysis demonstrates that OsACP1 has a similar structure with human acid phosphatase PHOSPHO1. Overexpression or mutation of OsACP1 affected Po degradation and utilization, which further influenced plant growth and productivity under both Pi-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. Moreover, overexpression of OsACP1 significantly affected intracellular Pi homeostasis and Pi starvation signalling. We concluded that OsACP1 is an active acid phosphatase that regulates rice growth under Pi stress conditions by recycling Pi from Po in the ER and GA.

scholarly journals Expression Pattern Suggests a Role of MiR399 in the Regulation of the Cellular Response to Local Pi Increase During Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Branscheid ◽  
Daniela Sieh ◽  
Bikram Datt Pant ◽  
Patrick May ◽  
Emanuel A. Devers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Pi Homeostasis ◽  
Pi Starvation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
Pi Stress

Many plants improve their phosphate (Pi) availability by forming mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Pi-repleted plants are much less colonized by AM fungi than Pi-depleted plants. This indicates a link between plant Pi signaling and AM development. MicroRNAs (miR) of the 399 family are systemic Pi-starvation signals important for maintenance of Pi homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana and might also qualify as signals regulating AM development in response to Pi availability. MiR399 could either represent the systemic low-Pi signal promoting or required for AM formation or they could act as counter players of systemic Pi-availability signals that suppress AM symbiosis. To test either of these assumptions, we analyzed the miR399 family in the AM-capable plant model Medicago truncatula and could experimentally confirm 10 novel MIR399 genes in this species. Pi-depleted plants showed increased expression of mature miR399 and multiple pri-miR399, and unexpectedly, levels of five of the 15 pri-miR399 species were higher in leaves of mycorrhizal plants than in leaves of nonmycorrhizal plants. Compared with nonmycorrhizal Pi-depleted roots, mycorrhizal roots of Pi-depleted M. truncatula and tobacco plants had increased Pi contents due to symbiotic Pi uptake but displayed higher mature miR399 levels. Expression levels of MtPho2 remained low and PHO2-dependent Pi-stress marker transcript levels remained high in these mycorrhizal roots. Hence, an AM symbiosis-related signal appears to increase miR399 expression and decrease PHO2 activity. MiR399 overexpression in tobacco suggested that miR399 alone is not sufficient to improve mycorrhizal colonization supporting the assumption that, in mycorrhizal roots, increased miR399 are necessary to keep the MtPho2 expression and activity low, which would otherwise increase in response to symbiotic Pi uptake.

Hyperinsulinism in Infancy: From Basic Science to Clinical Disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK J. DUNNE ◽  
KAREN E. COSGROVE ◽  
RUTH M. SHEPHERD ◽  
ALBERT AYNSLEY-GREEN ◽  
KEITH J. LINDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channel ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

Dunne, Mark J., Karen E. Cosgrove, Ruth M. Shepherd, Albert Aynsley-Green, and Keith J. Lindley. Hyperinsulinism in Infancy: From Basic Science to Clinical Disease. Physiol Rev 84: 239–275, 2004; 10.1152/physrev.00022.2003.—Ion channelopathies have now been described in many well-characterized cell types including neurons, myocytes, epithelial cells, and endocrine cells. However, in only a few cases has the relationship between altered ion channel function, cell biology, and clinical disease been defined. Hyperinsulinism in infancy (HI) is a rare, potentially lethal condition of the newborn and early childhood. The causes of HI are varied and numerous, but in almost all cases they share a common target protein, the ATP-sensitive K+ channel. From gene defects in ion channel subunits to defects in β-cell metabolism and anaplerosis, this review describes the relationship between pathogenesis and clinical medicine. Until recently, HI was generally considered an orphan disease, but as parallel defects in ion channels, enzymes, and metabolic pathways also give rise to diabetes and impaired insulin release, the HI paradigm has wider implications for more common disorders of the endocrine pancreas and the molecular physiology of ion transport.

Rice ACID PHOSPHATASE 1 regulates Pi stress adaptation by maintaining intracellular Pi homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suren Deng ◽  
Jingyi Li ◽  
Zezhen Du ◽  
Zixuan Wu ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Pi Homeostasis ◽  
Pi Stress

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Glucocorticoid Receptors and Their Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6054
Author(s):  
Ioanna Kokkinopoulou ◽  
Paraskevi Moutsatsou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Bcl2 Family ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Almost All

Mitochondria are membrane organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells. In addition to their well-known role in energy production, mitochondria regulate central cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, cell death, thermogenesis, and biosynthesis of lipids, nucleic acids, and steroid hormones. Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate the mitochondrially encoded oxidative phosphorylation gene expression and mitochondrial energy metabolism. The identification of Glucocorticoid Response Elements (GREs) in mitochondrial sequences and the detection of Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) in mitochondria of different cell types gave support to hypothesis that mitochondrial GR directly regulates mitochondrial gene expression. Numerous studies have revealed changes in mitochondrial gene expression alongside with GR import/export in mitochondria, confirming the direct effects of GCs on mitochondrial genome. Further evidence has made clear that mitochondrial GR is involved in mitochondrial function and apoptosis-mediated processes, through interacting or altering the distribution of Bcl2 family members. Even though its exact translocation mechanisms remain unknown, data have shown that GR chaperones (Hsp70/90, Bag-1, FKBP51), the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, the HDAC6- mediated deacetylation and the outer mitochondrial translocation complexes (Tom complexes) co-ordinate GR mitochondrial trafficking. A role of mitochondrial GR in stress and depression as well as in lung and hepatic inflammation has also been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC or CD45)

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2020-206927
Author(s):  
Maryam Ahmed Al Barashdi ◽  
Ahlam Ali ◽  
Mary Frances McMullin ◽  
Ken Mills
Keyword(s):  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Type C ◽  
Almost All

The leucocyte common antigen, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (PTPRC), also known as CD45, is a transmembrane glycoprotein, expressed on almost all haematopoietic cells except for mature erythrocytes, and is an essential regulator of T and B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation. Disruption of the equilibrium between protein tyrosine kinase and phosphatase activity (from CD45 and others) can result in immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, or malignancy. CD45 is normally present on the cell surface, therefore it works upstream of a large signalling network which differs between cell types, and thus the effects of CD45 on these cells are also different. However, it is becoming clear that CD45 plays an essential role in the innate immune system and this is likely to be a key area for future research. In this review of PTPRC (CD45), its structure and biological activities as well as abnormal expression of CD45 in leukaemia and lymphoma will be discussed.

scholarly journals Interactome Analysis of KIN (Kin17) Shows New Functions of This Protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 767-781
Author(s):  
Vanessa Pinatto Gaspar ◽  
Anelise Cardoso Ramos ◽  
Philippe Cloutier ◽  
José Renato Pattaro Junior ◽  
Francisco Ferreira Duarte Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
First Time

KIN (Kin17) protein is overexpressed in a number of cancerous cell lines, and is therefore considered a possible cancer biomarker. It is a well-conserved protein across eukaryotes and is ubiquitously expressed in all cell types studied, suggesting an important role in the maintenance of basic cellular function which is yet to be well determined. Early studies on KIN suggested that this nuclear protein plays a role in cellular mechanisms such as DNA replication and/or repair; however, its association with chromatin depends on its methylation state. In order to provide a better understanding of the cellular role of this protein, we investigated its interactome by proximity-dependent biotin identification coupled to mass spectrometry (BioID-MS), used for identification of protein–protein interactions. Our analyses detected interaction with a novel set of proteins and reinforced previous observations linking KIN to factors involved in RNA processing, notably pre-mRNA splicing and ribosome biogenesis. However, little evidence supports that this protein is directly coupled to DNA replication and/or repair processes, as previously suggested. Furthermore, a novel interaction was observed with PRMT7 (protein arginine methyltransferase 7) and we demonstrated that KIN is modified by this enzyme. This interactome analysis indicates that KIN is associated with several cell metabolism functions, and shows for the first time an association with ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that KIN is likely a moonlight protein.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of AlgNa-g-poly(QCL-co-HEMA) Hydrogels as Platform for Chondrocyte Proliferation and Controlled Release of Betamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5730
Author(s):  
Jomarien García-Couce ◽  
Marioly Vernhes ◽  
Nancy Bada ◽  
Lissette Agüero ◽  
Oscar Valdés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hydrogels obtained from combining different polymers are an interesting strategy for developing controlled release system platforms and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the applicability of sodium alginate-g-(QCL-co-HEMA) hydrogels for these biomedical applications was evaluated. Hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization using a different concentration of the components. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a swelling degree. Betamethasone release as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility with chondrocytes and fibroblast cells were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the porous surface morphology of the hydrogels in all cases. The swelling percent was determined at a different pH and was observed to be pH-sensitive. The controlled release behavior of betamethasone from the matrices was investigated in PBS media (pH = 7.4) and the drug was released in a controlled manner for up to 8 h. Human chondrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured on the hydrogels. The MTS assay showed that almost all hydrogels are cytocompatibles and an increase of proliferation in both cell types after one week of incubation was observed by the Live/Dead® assay. These results demonstrate that these hydrogels are attractive materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their characteristics, their release kinetics, and biocompatibility.

scholarly journals Olfactory processing in the lateral horn of Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 383 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Das Chakraborty ◽  
Silke Sachse
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Olfactory Behavior ◽  
Lateral Horn ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
Animal Phyla ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Almost All

AbstractSensing olfactory signals in the environment represents a crucial and significant task of sensory systems in almost all organisms to facilitate survival and reproduction. Notably, the olfactory system of diverse animal phyla shares astonishingly many fundamental principles with regard to anatomical and functional properties. Binding of odor ligands by chemosensory receptors present in the olfactory peripheral organs leads to a neuronal activity that is conveyed to first and higher-order brain centers leading to a subsequent odor-guided behavioral decision. One of the key centers for integrating and processing innate olfactory behavior is the lateral horn (LH) of the protocerebrum in insects. In recent years the LH of Drosophila has garnered increasing attention and many studies have been dedicated to elucidate its circuitry. In this review we will summarize the recent advances in mapping and characterizing LH-specific cell types, their functional properties with respect to odor tuning, their neurotransmitter profiles, their connectivity to pre-synaptic and post-synaptic partner neurons as well as their impact for olfactory behavior as known so far.

Immunological characterization of human acid phosphatase gene products

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Robert L. Van Etten ◽  
V. Gieselmann ◽  
K. von Figura
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Immunological Characterization ◽  
Human Acid ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Gene

scholarly journals Intercellular calcium signalling between chondrocytes and synovial cells in co-culture

1998 ◽  
Vol 329 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola D'ANDREA ◽  
Alessandra CALABRESE ◽  
Micaela GRANDOLFO
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Synovial Cells ◽  
Cell Coupling

Intercellular communication allows the co-ordination of cell metabolism between tissues as well as sensitivity to extracellular stimuli. Paracrine stimulation and cell-to-cell coupling through gap junctions induce the formation of complex cellular networks that favour the intercellular exchange of nutrients and second messengers. Heterologous intercellular communication was studied in co-cultures of articular chondrocytes and HIG-82 synovial cells by measuring mechanically induced cytosolic changes in Ca2+ ion levels by digital fluorescence video imaging. In confluent co-cultures, mechanical stimulation induced intercellular Ca2+ waves that propagated to both cell types with similar kinetics. Intercellular wave spreading was inhibited by 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid and by treatments inhibiting the activation of purinoreceptors, suggesting that intercellular signalling between these two cell types occurs both through gap junctions and ATP-mediated paracrine stimulation. In rheumatoid arthritis the formation of the synovial pannus induces structural changes at the chondrosynovial junction, where chondrocyte and synovial cells come into close apposition: these results provide the first evidence for direct intercellular communication between these two cell types.

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