Efficacy of Bulgarian isolates of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), Steinernema arenarium and S. Feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) against the codling moth, Cydia Pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol VIII (19) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Elena Petrova ◽  
Elena Tasheva-Terzieva ◽  
Denis Gradinarov
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernematidae) in Conjunction with Mulches for Control of Overwintering Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Lacey ◽  
David Granatstein ◽  
Steven P. Arthurs ◽  
Heather Headrick ◽  
Robert Fritts
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Reduced Rate

Mulches were compared to test their utility for enhancing efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) applied against over-wintering codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae. Compared with bare ground, mulches may enhance control by providing cocooning sites for codling moth larvae and a substrate that is easy to treat, maintains moisture, and enhances nematode activity. Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) or S. feltiae (Filipjev) were applied at a rate of 2.5 × 109 infective juveniles (IJs)/ha against cocooned sentinel codling moth larvae in cardboard strips followed by 2 h of irrigation in plots that were covered with one of four mulches (clover, shredded paper, grass hay or wood chips) or to bare plots on 29 September 2003. Average mortalities of 97 and 98% were observed in paper-mulched plots treated with S. carpocapsae or S. feltiae IJs, respectively, compared to 80 and 76% mortality in bare plots. Larvicidal activity for S. feltiae against sentinel larvae in cardboard strips that were placed in crevices in the soil was nearly identical in all mulched and bare plots (97–100% mortality), but reduced for S. carpocapsae in wood chip and clover plots (76–79% mortality) relative to paper, grass hay and bare plots (93–97% mortality). A significant portion of sentinel larvae (25 and 14%) that were placed in crevices in the soil in hay- and paper-mulched control plots revealed the natural presence of EPNs (Heterorhabditis sp.). Applications of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae at a reduced rate of 109 IJs/ha on 20 April 2004, followed by 1 h of irrigation resulted in 13.1 and 7.4% reduction in sentinel larvae in bare plots compared to 36 and 62% in mulched plots, respectively. Applications of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae at a rate of 2.5 × 109 IJs/ha on 21 September 2004 to bare and wood chip-mulched plots followed by 1 h of irrigation resulted in 21 and 65% reduction in sentinel larvae in bare plots compared to 93 and 85% in mulched plots, respectively. Residual larvicidal activity of EPNs 3 d after applications in treated plots was low, but significant in the nonmulched plots (12–17% mortality) relative to untreated controls (1–2% mortality).

scholarly journals Evaluation of two native entomopathogenic nematodes against Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sindhura Bhairavi ◽  
Badal Bhattacharyya ◽  
Gitanjali Devi ◽  
Sudhansu Bhagawati ◽  
Partha Pratim Gyanudoy Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Odontotermes Obesus ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are one of the widely studied biological control agents. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two EPNs species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema aciari (Qui, Yan, Zhou, Nguyen and Pang) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), isolated locally from soils of Majuli river island, Assam, India against two important subterrenean pests; Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Results In case of O. obesus, mortality percent was recorded by H. bacteriophora after 72 h. at 300 IJs/termite and by S. aciari at 250 and 300 IJs/termite after 96 h. The lowest LD50 and LT50 values obtained for H. bacteriophora were 13.054 IJs/termite and 26.639 h., respectively, while those of S. aciari were 42.040 IJs/termite and 31.761 h., respectively. With respect to A. ipsilon, H. bacteriophora registered a highest mortality rate at 300 IJs/larvae after 144 h. S. aciari showed 100 percent mortality at 300 IJs/larva after 168 h. The lowest values of LD50 and LT50 for H. bacteriophora were 35.711 IJs/larva and 83.050 h., respectively. The lowest values of LD50 and LT50 for S. aciari were 71.192 IJs/larvae and 97.921 h., respectively. Overall, H. bacteriophora displayed more virulence toward O. obesus and A. ipsilon than S. aciari. Conclusion Both native EPNs were found effective against O. obesus and A. ipsilon. However, H. bacteriophora was more virulent toward O. obesus and A. ipsilon than S. aciari under the laboratory conditions.

Compatibility of acaricides with entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis)

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nika Bajc ◽  
Urška Držaj ◽  
Stanislav Trdan ◽  
Žiga Laznik
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Combined Use

To expand our knowledge about the compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) to pesticides, we studied the compatibility of EPN infective juveniles (IJ) to five acaricides under laboratory conditions. Four EPN species were used: Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, S. kraussei and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The results of our laboratory investigation showed that H. bacteriophora was the most tolerant EPN species and the most sensitive species was S. feltiae. Our observations showed that S. feltiae can be mixed with only two acaricides. The active substance (a.s.) fenpyroximate proved to be the most suitable for mixing with EPN. Fenpyroximate was only lethal to S. feltiae (44% mortality) at 25°C. The mortality of EPN was highest in the a.s. abamectin and pyrethrin. The mortality of EPN was influenced by species, exposure time, a.s. and temperature. The combined use of EPN and acaricides could represent an advantage in integrated plant protection programmes.

scholarly journals Efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) on the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under controlled conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mürşide Yağci ◽  
Ayşe Özdem ◽  
F. Dolunay Erdoğuş ◽  
Erdoğan Ayan
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Control Water ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Background The codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L). (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of apple in Turkey and other apple producing countries in the world. Several control methods are available for reducing the pest populations. Entomopathogenic nematode (EPNs), for example, can be used as a potential alternative to chemical insecticides to control codling moth larvae in the soil as eco-friendly management their hosts that can actively find them in cryptic locations. Results Efficacy of 4 EPN isolates, Steinernema carpocapsae (Bakışlı), S. feltiae (ES-3), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TOK-20) and H. bacteriophora (11-KG) for controlling the 1st instar larvae of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. Codling moth was susceptible to different rates to all the 4 EPN isolates. All nematode trials were more effective than the control (water). The overall mortality caused by S. carpocapsae (Bakışlı 05) was significantly higher than the other EPN species. S. carpocapsae was the most effective with the highest tested concentration (100 IJs/larva), killing 82.63% of codling moth larvae, followed by S. feltilae (ES-3), with a mortality rate of 71.5%. H. bacteriophora (TOK-20) exhibited the least mortality at 25 IJs/larva concentration in all experiments. Conclusion The study proved that these nematodes were very efficient and could be used to control codling moth in biological control programs.

Biology of the codling Moth Cydia (Carpocapsa = Laspeyresia) Pomonella L. (Olethreutidae, Lepidoptera) and effect of fruit age on its diapause induction

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. El-Gamil ◽  
I. A. Gaaboub ◽  
S. K. El-Sawaf
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella ◽  
June July ◽  
New Generation

SUMMARYThe number of generations and the durations of the developmental stages of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) that fed on fresh pear fruits were studied during a whole year, 1973, under laboratory conditions. In the next year, diapause of larvae was investigated in relation to the larval food.Results showed that this insect reproduced four generations on pear fruits under laboratory conditions and diapaused during the whole period of the autumn. Broods of these generations occurred during April, June, July and September, respectively.There was a suggestion that the larval food affected the induction of diapause in this insect. About 83% of larvae which fed on ‘ripe native Volos apples’ diapaused as early as the second half of June although the majority of larvae (93%) which fed on ‘immature pears’ continued development to adults and only 7% began to diapause under the same conditions. Up to 98% of larvae which fed on ‘fully mature ripe pears’ did not develop beyond the cocooning stage until the following spring, but 88% of larvae fed on immature pears stored at 4 °C for about 3 months reproduced a new generation about the end of October. These variable results should be attributed to the nourishment on different host-fruits in different maturity stages.

scholarly journals Efficacy of some native entomopathogenic nematodes against the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the lucerne beetle, Gonioctena fornicata (Brüggemann) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), adults under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Çağlayan ◽  
Turgut Atay ◽  
İlker Kepenekci
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have more important role in biological control of economic insect pests. The effect of native EPNs on adults of the lucerne beetle, Gonioctena fornicata (Brüggemann, 1873) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which are important alfalfa pests in Turkey and around the world, was investigated. Results Dose-mortality assays were carried out with 5 isolates [Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) (Black sea isolate), S. feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (isolate 09-31), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) (isolate 09-43), H. bacteriophora Tokat-Songut, and S. carpocapsae Tokat-Ulas] using doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 IJs ml−1 under the laboratory conditions. Studies showed that all isolates had an effect 90% and more at 2000 IJs ml−1 and at the end of 112 h [except, H. bacteriophora (isolate 09-43) and H. bacteriophora Tokat-Songut isolates against H. postica]. In addition, LT30, LT50, and LT90 values at 1000 IJs ml−1 were determined. Conclusions According to the results, G. fornicata adults were susceptible to all isolates tested in the study and H. postica adults were susceptible to the isolates S. carpocapsae (Black sea isolate), S. feltiae (isolate 09-31), and S. carpocapsae Tokat-Ulas. This is the first study conducted in Turkey for the virulence of EPNs against G. fornicata and H. postica.

scholarly journals Virulence of Native and Exotic Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinerematidae, Heterorhabditidae) Against Larvae of the Agave Weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 832A-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Molina-Ochoa* ◽  
Eva Judith Hueso-Guerrero ◽  
Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez ◽  
Javier Farías-Larios ◽  
Francisco Radillo-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Agave Tequilana ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Cryptic Habitats ◽  
Mexican Strains

The agave weevil (Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal) (AW) is widely distributed and is severe pest of plants in the Order Liliales, Familiy Agavaceae, such as Agave tequilana, A. fourcroydes, A. sisalana, A. sp., Polianthes tuberosa, and Yucca sp. Some of these species have importance as ornamental, medicinal, fragrant essence, and raw fiber. AW is controlled with insecticides, but insecticides are unable to reach the larvae in the galleries where the larvae borrows the agave crowns. Galleries are cryptic habitats where the entomopathogenic nematodes are able to infect instars of the AW. Recently, Hueso-Guerrero, and Molina-Ochoa (2004) reported the occurrence of native steinernematid nematodes naturally infecting the AW larvae. Virulence of isolates and strains of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes against AW larvae was determined under laboratory conditions. Three native steinernematid isolates obtained from naturally infected AW larvae (A1, A2, and A3) were bioassayed a concentration of 100 nematodes/mL and petri dish (60 × 10 mm) arenas. Native isolates were isolated from AW larvae attacking agave crowns. Other strains evaluated were: S. carpocapsae All and Mexican, S. riobrave, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NC2. Native steinernematid isolates caused 100% mortality, however exotic strains caused mortality ranges between 90%, and 40%. Steinernema carpocapsae All strain, S. riobrave, H. bacteriophora NC2, and S. carpocapsae Mexican strains caused 90%, 60%, 50%, and 40% mortality, respectively. Results suggest that native steinernematid isolates, and S. carpocapsae All strain have potential as biological control agents against the AW weevil.

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