scholarly journals Host plant effect on the activity of digestive enzymes of the gypsy moth caterpillars

2008 ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Milanovic ◽  
Jelica Lazarevic ◽  
Marija Mrdakovic ◽  
Milena Vlahovic ◽  
Zoran Miletic
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Specific Protease ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Feeding Effects ◽  
Host Plant Effect ◽  
Metabolite Content

Insect growth and development depend on nutritive value and secondary metabolite content of their host plants. This influence may be exerted through changing the activity of digestive enzymes which further affects efficiency of conversion of ingested food. This paper represents the results of investigation of feeding effects on the leaves of three oak species (Quercus cerris, Q. robur and Q. petraea) on growth, development and digestive enzyme activities of the 4th instar gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.). Compared to larvae fed on Q. cerris and Q. robur leaves, larvae fed on Q. petrea exhibited the lowest body mass, midgut protein content and specific protease activity. Specific amylase activity was significantly reduced in the midguts of larvae fed on Q. robur while host plant did not affect larval duration upon molting into the 4th instar. Concomitant chemical analyses of leaves given to the 2nd and 4th instar larvae was carried out in order to explain the obtained results.

scholarly journals Jasmonate-independent regulation of digestive enzyme activity in the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3749-3758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Kocáb ◽  
Jana Jakšová ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Ivan Petřík ◽  
René Lenobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Jasmonate Signaling ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Abstract Carnivorous plants within the order Caryophyllales use jasmonates, a class of phytohormone, in the regulation of digestive enzyme activities. We used the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina from the order Lamiales to investigate whether jasmonate signaling is a universal and ubiquitous signaling pathway that exists outside the order Caryophyllales. We measured the electrical signals, enzyme activities, and phytohormone tissue levels in response to prey capture. Mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins in the digestive secretion. We identified eight enzymes in the digestive secretion, many of which were previously found in other genera of carnivorous plants. Among them, alpha-amylase is unique in carnivorous plants. Enzymatic activities increased in response to prey capture; however, the tissue content of jasmonic acid and its isoleucine conjugate remained rather low in contrast to the jasmonate response to wounding. Enzyme activities did not increase in response to the exogenous application of jasmonic acid or coronatine. Whereas similar digestive enzymes were co-opted from plant defense mechanisms among carnivorous plants, the mode of their regulation differs. The butterwort has not co-opted jasmonate signaling for the induction of enzyme activities in response to prey capture. Moreover, the presence of alpha-amylase in digestive fluid of P. × Tina, which has not been found in other genera of carnivorous plants, might indicate that non-defense-related genes have also been co-opted for carnivory.

scholarly journals Analysis of correlation structure in Lymantria dispar L. larvae from locally adapted populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-531
Author(s):  
Marija Mrdakovic ◽  
Vesna Peric-Mataruga ◽  
Larisa Ilijin ◽  
Milena Vlahovic ◽  
D. Mircic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Allelochemical Stress ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The influence of allelochemical stress and population origin on the patterns of phenotypic and genetic correlations among life history traits and digestive enzyme activities were investigated in larvae of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.; Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Thirty-two full-sib families from oak (suitable host plant, Quercus population), and twenty-six full-sib families from locust-tree (unsuitable host plant, Robinia population) forests were reared on an artificial diet, with or without a 5% tannic acid supplement. Comparison of correlation matrices revealed significant similarity between the two populations in the structure of phenotypic and genetic correlations of life history traits and of digestive enzyme activities. The patterns of correlations of the examined traits, within each of the two locally adapted populations and in the presence of allelochemical stress, remained stabile despite the different selection pressures that mold these traits.

scholarly journals Protein sources and digestive enzyme activities in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Lazzari ◽  
João Radünz Neto ◽  
Fabio de Araújo Pedron ◽  
Vania Lucia Loro ◽  
Alexandra Pretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Digestive enzymes activity influence feed utilization by fish, and its understanding is important to optimize diet formulation. This study reports the digestive enzyme activities of jundiá juveniles fed diets with protein sources. Fish were fed six experimental diets for 90 days: MBY (meat and bone meal + sugar cane yeast), SY (soybean meal + sugar cane yeast), S (soybean meal), MBS (meat and bone meal + soybean meal), FY (fish meal + sugar cane yeast) and FS (fish meal + soybean meal), and then sampled every 30 days and assayed in two intestine sections for digestive enzymes - trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase - activities; gastric protease was assayed in the stomach. Digestive and hepatosomatic index, intestinal quotient, digestive tract length and weight gain were also measured. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were higher (p < 0.0001) in fish fed diets containing animal protein sources (MBY, MBS, FY and FS diets). Alkaline proteases were negatively affected by dietary soybean meal in the SY and S diets. Amylase activity had greater variation between diets and intestine sections. Fish fed MBY and MBS diets showed higher gastric protease activity (p < 0.0001). Weight gains were higher in fish fed the MBS and FS diets (p < 0.05). Highest values (p < 0.05) of digestive tract length were observed in fish fed MBS and FY diets, but no correlation with enzymes activities was found. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was affected by diet composition. Dietary composition influenced digestive enzymes activities of jundiá.

Digestive Protease Activity in Planktonic Crustaceans Feeding at Different Trophic Levels

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumlu ◽  
D.A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Planktonic Crustaceans ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Decapod Larvae ◽  
Centropages Typicus

Trypsin-like enzyme activity of the larvae of two planktonic predatory crustaceans, Homarus gammarus and Nephrops norvegicus (Decapoda: Nephropidae) and the omnivorous larvae of Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: Brachyura) were investigated at each larval stage until metamorphosis. Two copepods, herbivorous or omnivorous grazers, Centropages typicus and Temora longicornis (Copepoda: Calanoidae) were also investigated for this enzyme. A comparison of trypsin-like activity in these and other decapod larvae shows a pattern with high levels in herbivores, low levels in carnivores and intermediate levels in omnivores. Herbivorous planktonic crustaceans appear to rely on high digestive enzyme activities to extract nutrients from less digestible algae or particulates, whereas carnivorous larvae have limited enzymatic capacity as they feed at higher trophic levels upon large and easily digestible prey. Omnivorous Carcinus maenas larvae have intermediate levels of digestive enzymes and are able to transfer between herbivorous and omnivorous feeding.

scholarly journals Maturation trade-offs in octopus females and their progeny: energy, digestion and defence indicators

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Olivares ◽  
Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes ◽  
Maite Mascaró ◽  
Ariadna Sanchez Arteaga ◽  
Karen Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Sexual maturation and reproduction influence the status of a number of physiological processes and consequently the ecology and behaviour of cephalopods. Using Octopus mimus as a study model, the present work was focused in the changes in biochemical compound and activity that take place during gonadal maturation of females and its consequences in embryo and hatchlings characteristics. To do that, a total of 31 adult females of O. mimus were sampled to follow metabolites (ovaries and digestive gland) and digestive enzyme activities (alkaline and acidic proteases) during physiological and functional maturation. Levels of protein (Prot), triacylglyceride (TG), cholesterol (Chol), glucose (Glu), and glycogen (Gly) were evaluated. Groups of eggs coming from mature females were also sampled along development and after hatching (paralarvae of 1 and 3 days old) to track metabolites (Prot, TG, Glu, Gly, TG, Chol), digestive enzymes activity (Lipase, alkaline proteases, and acidic proteases), and antioxidant/detoxification defence indicators with embryos development. Based on the data obtained, we hypothesized that immature females store Chol in their ovaries, probably from the food they ingested, but switch to TG reserves at the beginning of the maturation processes. At the same time, results suggest that these processes were energetically supported by Glu, obtained probably from Gly breakdown by gluconeogenic pathways. Also, was observed that embryos metabolites and enzyme activities (digestive and antioxidant/detoxification enzymes) where maintained without significant changes and in a low activity during the whole organogenesis, meaning that organogenesis is relatively not energetically costly. In contrast, after organogenesis, a mobilization of nutrients and activation of the metabolic and digestive enzymes was observed, together with increments in consumption of yolk and Gly, and reduction in lipid peroxidation. Derived from our results, we also have the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced during the metabolic processes that occurs in ovarian maturation. Those ROS may be in part transferred to the egg provoking a ROS charge to the embryos. The elimination of ROS in embryos started when the activity of the heart and the absorption of the yolk around stages XIV and XV were evident. Altogether, these processes allowed the paralarvae to hatch with buffered levels of ROS and with the antioxidant defence mechanisms ready to support further ROS production derived from paralarvae higher life stage requirements (feeding and metabolic demands).

scholarly journals Glyphosate on digestive enzymes activity in piava (Leporinus obtusidens)

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1603-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseânia Salbego ◽  
Alexandra Pretto ◽  
Vera Maria Machado da Silva ◽  
Vania Lucia Loro ◽  
Rafael Lazzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Acid Protease ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The effects of glyphosate, a nonselective herbicide (1.0 or 5.0mg L-1) on digestive enzymes activity (stomach and intestine) were evaluated in juveniles of piava (Leporinus obtusidens) after 90 days of exposure. The activity of acid protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase increased with the increase of glyphosate concentration. These results indicate that glyphosate affects digestive enzyme activities in this species, and may be an indicator of poor nutrient availability when fish survive in herbicide-contaminated water.

The effect of replacing fishmeal with kikuyu leaf meal on the activity of digestive enzymes and growth in Tilapia rendalli, Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Hlophe-Ginindza ◽  
N.A.G. Moyo
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Tilapia Rendalli ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The effect of replacing fishmeal with kikuyu on digestive enzyme activities was investigated in Tilapia rendalli, Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus. Five diets (30% CP: 20 MJ GE kg-1 DM) were formulated. In the control diet, fishmeal was replaced at 25, 50, 75 and 100% by kikuyu leaf meal. Each diet was assigned to three groups of 20 fish (per species). Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily for 60 days. There was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in protease, amylase and lipase activities at higher kikuyu inclusion. Protease activities were higher in T. rendalli followed by O. mossambicus and C. gariepinus had the lowest activities. The inability of the fish to produce enough enzymes at higher kikuyu inclusions resulted in significantly lower growth performance and poor protein digestibility. This decrease was more pronounced in C. gariepinus than the tilapias.

scholarly journals Duration of stunting impacts compensatory growth and carcass quality of farmed milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775) under field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somu Sunder Lingam ◽  
Paramita Banerjee Sawant ◽  
Narinder Kumar Chadha ◽  
Kurcheti Pani Prasad ◽  
A. P. Muralidhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

AbstractAn 18-months field trial was performed to explore the effect of duration of stunting on growth, digestive enzymes and carcass quality in Chanos chanos. Milkfish fry (weight of 1.25 ± 0.03 g and length of 5.53 ± 0.03 cm) were stocked in earthen ponds of 0.02 ha, in triplicate, for different duration of stunting, viz., 4 months (Treatment-1; T4), 8 months (Treatment-2; T8) and 12 months (Treatment-3; T12) and a normal seed (Control; C) separately. In the stunting phase, fish were stocked at higher stocking density (0.2 million/ha) and fed de-oiled rice bran at sub-optimal level. Post-stunting or re-feeding phase commenced immediately after completion of respective stunting duration and fish were reared for the rest of the period to complete the total rearing period of 18 months. In post-stunting, fish stocking density was adjusted to (5000 pieces/ha) and fed at an optimum level (3%). At the end of stunting phase, the study found a significant reduction in growth, survival, digestive enzymes activity, except protease in the T4 group, and carcass nutrients composition of stunted fish. However, in the initial phase of post-stunting, T8 group exhibited an elevated specific growth rate (5.00 ± 0.092%/day), body weight gain (80.82 ± 1.28 g), amylase (0.585 ± 0.021 U/mg protein), protease (5.48 ± 0.13 U/mg protein), and lipase activity (7.92 ± 0.32 U/mg protein). All stunted fish groups displayed a compensatory growth response in post-stunting, but a complete growth compensation was observed in T8 group, which resulted in better feed conversion ratio (3.03 ± 0.04) feed efficiency ratio (0.33 ± 0.01), protein efficiency ratio (1.91 ± 0.03), survival (91.38 ± 0.07%) and digestive enzyme activities. Similarly, at the end of post-stunting, carcass analysis revealed a complete restoration of nutrients in stunted fish and significantly higher protein content in T8 group. Further, the study found lower meat and higher bone contents in normally reared fish than the post-stunted fish which revealed the carcass quality improvement in post-stunted fish thus indicates superiority of the stunting process over normal rearing. Overall, the study suggests that stunting of milkfish, for 8 months (T8), positively affects its growth, survival, digestive enzyme activities and carcass quality which in turn, shall help to overcome the contemporary challenges in milkfish culture.

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