scholarly journals Chikungunya - a serious threat for public health

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Hrnjakovic-Cvjetkovic ◽  
Dejan Cvjetkovic ◽  
Aleksandra Patic ◽  
Natasa Nikolic ◽  
Sandra Stefan-Mikic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Limited Disease ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Epidemiologic Features ◽  
Local Transmission

Introduction. Chikungunya is a contagious disease caused by Chikungunya virus, an arbovirus from the Togaviridae family. This infection is mostly spread by mosquitoes from the genus Aedes, especially Aedes albopictus, which have spread from Asia to America and Europe including some countries surrounding Serbia. Epidemiologic Features. The outbreak of epidemics has been reported in Philippines, Sumatra, Java, Indonesia, West Africa region (from Senegal to Cameroon), Congo, Nigeria, Angola, Uganda, Guinea, Malawi, Central African Republic, Burundi, South Africa and India. At the beginning of the 21st century, large outbreaks were recorded on the island of R?union. During 2006, 1.400.000 cases of chikungunya infection were recorded in India. Local transmission of infection in continental Europe was reported from Northeast Italy (254 suspected and 78 laboratory confirmed cases in Emilia-Romagna region) and France (two cases in 2010). From December 2013 to June 2014, 5.294 confirmed cases and more than 180.000 suspected cases of chikungunya were reported in the Caribbean. Clinical Findings. The disease presents suddenly with fever, rush and arthralgia. In general, chikungunya is a mild self - limited disease. Less often, it may be presented with signs of meningoencephalitis or fulminant hepatitis, sometimes with fatal outcome. Conclusion. Fast developing international traffic and booming tourism as well as the vector spreading from its homeland make chikungunya a real threat to our country.

scholarly journals Unusual Presentation of Chikungunya Virus Infection With Concomintant Erysipelas in a Returning Traveler From the Caribbean: A Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos C. Schechter ◽  
Kimberly A. Workowski ◽  
Jessica K. Fairley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Chikungunya Fever ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne febrile illness caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family. It is transmitted by primarily Aedes aegytpi and Aedes albopictus mosquitos [1]. Once of little importance in the Americas, local transmission was identified in the Caribbean in late 2013. More than 1000 travelers returning to the continental United States have been diagnosed with CHIKV. More importantly, there have been 9 documented cases of autochthonous disease in Florida as of September 16, 2014 [2].

scholarly journals Increased number of cases of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection imported from the Caribbean and Central America to northern Italy, 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1912-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ROSSINI ◽  
P. GAIBANI ◽  
C. VOCALE ◽  
A. C. FINARELLI ◽  
M. P. LANDINI
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Vector Activity ◽  
The Caribbean

SUMMARYThis report describes an increased number of cases of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection imported in northern Italy (Emilia-Romagna region) during the period May–September 2014, indicating that the recent spread of CHIKV and its establishment in the Caribbean and in central America, resulted in a high number of imported cases in Europe, thus representing a threat to public health. From May to September 2014, 14 imported cases of CHIKV infection were diagnosed; the patients were returning to Italy from Dominican Republic (n = 6), Haiti (n = 3), Guadeloupe (n = 2), Martinique (n = 1), Puerto Rico (n = 1) and Venezuela (n = 1). Phylogenetic analysis performed on the envelope protein (E1) gene sequences, obtained from plasma samples from two patients, indicated that the virus strain belongs to the Caribbean clade of the Asian genotype currently circulating in the Caribbean and Americas. The rise in the number of imported cases of CHIKV infection should increase healthcare professionals' awareness of the epidemiological situation and clinical presentation of CHIKV infection in order to enhance surveillance and early diagnosis in the forthcoming season of vector activity in Europe and North America.

scholarly journals Zika virus, a new threat for Europe?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Jupille ◽  
Goncalo Seixas ◽  
Laurence Mousson ◽  
Carla A. Sousa ◽  
Anna-Bella Failloux
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Light:Dark Cycle ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Mosquito Females ◽  
Local Transmission

AbstractBackground:Since its emergence in 2007 in Micronesia and Polynesia, the arthropod-borne flavivirus Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread in the Americas and the Caribbean, following first detection in Brazil in May 2015. The risk of ZIKV emergence in Europe increases as imported cases are repeatedly reported. Together with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV), ZIKV is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Any countries where these mosquitoes are present could be potential sites for future ZIKV outbreak.Methodology/Principal Findings:Mosquito females were challenged with an Asian genotype of ZIKV. Fully engorged mosquitoes were then maintained in insectary conditions (28°±1°C, 16h:8h light:dark cycle and 80% humidity). 16-24 mosquitoes from each population were examined at 3, 6, 9 and 14 days postinfection to estimate the infection, disseminated infection and transmission rates. Based on these experimental infections, we demonstrated that Ae. albopictus from France were not very susceptible to ZIKV.Conclusions/Significance:In combination with the restricted distribution and lower population densities of European Ae. albopictus, our results corroborate the low risk for ZIKV to expand into most parts of Europe with the possible exception of the warmest regions bordering the Mediterranean coastline.Author summaryIn May 2015, local transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) was reported in Brazil and since then, more than 1.5 million human cases have been reported in Latin America and the Caribbean. This arbovirus, primarily found in Africa and Asia, is mainly transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Viremic travelers returning from America to European countries where Ae. albopictus is established can become the source for local transmission of ZIKV. In order to estimate the risk of seeding ZIKV into local mosquito populations, the ability of European Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to transmit ZIKV was measured using experimental infections. We demonstrated that Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti from Europe were not very susceptible to ZIKV. The threat for a Zika outbreak in Europe should be limited.

Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Findings of COVID-19-Infected Patients in Suzhou

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Xu ◽  
Shuang Qu ◽  
Mengying Xing ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Geng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Epidemiologic Features

scholarly journals COVID-19: Intensifying the Existential Threat to the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Michael Witter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Caribbean

The Caribbean has experienced an overlapping and interconnected series of challenges, including economic, social, and environmental, which pose an existential threat to the region. This article focuses on the nature of this threat as it evolved before and during the pandemic crisis. Under neoliberal globalization, Caribbean economies transformed themselves rapidly into service providers, most having resorted to developing a tourism sector, while some moved into oil production. In all cases, traditional agricultural exports declined with the loss of protected markets where they earned preferential prices. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the Caribbean’s existential crisis and revealed the inextricable links among the environment, economy, and public health. This article focuses on these links and suggests a way forward for public policy in the short, medium, and long term.

scholarly journals Chikungunya: epidemiology

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle R. Petersen ◽  
Ann M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Temperate Climates

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes fever and debilitating joint pains in humans. Joint pains may last months or years. It is vectored primarily by the tropical and sub-tropical mosquito, Aedes aegypti, but is also found to be transmitted by Aedes albopictus, a mosquito species that can also be found in more temperate climates. In recent years, the virus has risen from relative obscurity to become a global public health menace affecting millions of persons throughout the tropical and sub-tropical world and, as such, has also become a frequent cause of travel-associated febrile illness. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the biological and sociological underpinnings of its emergence and its future global outlook.

Epidemiologic features of mumps in Taiwan from 2006 to 2011: a new challenge for public health policy

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chian-Ching Chen ◽  
Chien-Chih Lu ◽  
Bo-Hua Su ◽  
Kow-Tong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Epidemiologic Features

scholarly journals Chikungunya Manifestations and Viremia in Patients Who Presented to the Fever Clinic at Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during the 2019 Outbreak in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Hisham A Imad ◽  
Juthamas Phadungsombat ◽  
Emi E Nakayama ◽  
Sajikapon Kludkleeb ◽  
Wasin Matsee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
The Family ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Chikungunya virus is an Alphavirus belonging to the family Togaviridae that is transmitted to humans by an infected Aedes mosquito. Patients develop fever, inflammatory arthritis, and rash during the acute stage of infection. Although the illness is self-limiting, atypical and severe cases are not uncommon, and 60% may develop chronic symptoms that persist for months or even for longer durations. Having a distinct periodical epidemiologic outbreak pattern, chikungunya virus reappeared in Thailand in December 2018. Here, we describe a cohort of acute chikungunya patients who had presented to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during October 2019. Infection was detected by a novel antigen kit and subsequently confirmed by real-time RT-PCR using serum collected at presentation to the Fever Clinic. Other possible acute febrile illnesses such as influenza, dengue, and malaria were excluded. We explored the sequence of clinical manifestations at presentation during the acute phase and associated the viral load with the clinical findings. Most of the patients were healthy individuals in their forties. Fever and arthralgia were the predominant clinical manifestations found in this patient cohort, with a small proportion of patients with systemic symptoms. Higher viral loads were associated with arthralgia, and arthralgia with the involvement of the large joints was more common in female patients.

scholarly journals Chikungunya virus outbreak-a threat to global public health including Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Mahdy ◽  
Mostofa Jamal ◽  
Hiroshi Kinoshita ◽  
Tareq Hossan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Global Public Health

Abstract not availableBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.183-184

scholarly journals Changing Approaches to Mental Healthcare in the Caribbean Conferences on Mental Health, 1957-1969

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Toner ◽  
Clare Anderson ◽  
Shammane Joseph Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This paper examines discussions among physicians, psychologists, public health officials, religious leaders and others who participated in the Caribbean Conferences on Mental Health between 1957 and 1969. Their discussions demonstrate major changes in the understanding of causes, definitions and appropriate treatments of mental health conditions, compared to the late nineteenth century, which saw a wave of major reforms to the management of mental illness in public asylums. Although major shifts in professional understandings of mental health were evident in the mid-twentieth century, the Caribbean Conferences on Mental Health reveal that the problems hindering the implementation of these new approaches were largely similar to those that Guyana and other Caribbean countries continue to face today.

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