scholarly journals Tax reforms and income inequality in former Yugoslav countries: Escaping the avant-garde neoliberalism in the income tax policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-252
Author(s):  
Jelena Zarkovic-Rakic ◽  
Marko Vladisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Income Tax Policy ◽  
Microsimulation Modeling ◽  
Redistributive Effects ◽  
Income Tax Reform

After the breakup of former Yugoslavia Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia followed different income tax reform trajectories that could explain currently different levels of income inequality in these countries. Our paper analyzes redistributive effects of introducing progressive tax systems, like the ones currently implemented in Slovenia and Croatia, in the Serbian context. Using microsimulation modeling and Survey on Income and Living Conditions data for 2017 our results suggest that implementation of both Croatian and Slovenian tax system would yield lower levels of income inequality and poverty if applied in Serbia. Slovenian system achieves larger decrease in inequality due to higher tax burden on the top incomes and brings significant increase in tax revenues. Croatian tax schedule achieves stronger decrease in poverty as more generous personal allowance exempt higher portions of low incomes from labour taxes.

scholarly journals Income Inequality and Progressive Income Taxation in China and India, 1986–2015

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Piketty ◽  
Nancy Qian
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
China And India ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation ◽  
A Share

This paper evaluates income tax reforms in China and India. The combination of fast income growth and under-indexed tax schedule in China implies the fraction of the Chinese population subject to income tax has increased from less than 0.1 percent in 1986 to about 20 percent in 2008, while it has stagnated around 2–3 percent in India. Chinese income tax revenues, as a share of GDP, increased from less than 0.1 percent in 1986 to about 1.5 percent in 2005 and 2.5 percent in 2008, while the constant adaptation of exemption levels and income brackets in India have caused them to stagnate around 0.5 percent of GDP. (JEL D31, H24, 015, 023, P23, P35)

scholarly journals Closing the Gap

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Daniel Ribi
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Globalized World

Rising income inequality is a pressing political issue in Canada and internationally. Yet, policymakers in advanced economies have thus far failed to meaningfully address the issue. Tax policy is one of the primary tools available for governments to structure local distributive realities, but there is uncertainty regarding the ability of governments to take effective action in a globalized world economy. This policy brief puts forward viable reforms. The Canadian federal government can mitigate income inequality in Canada through targeted corporate and personal income tax reforms and a new approach to compliance enforcement.

scholarly journals The stability of income inequality in Brazil, 2006-2012: an estimate using income tax data and household surveys

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Medeiros ◽  
Pedro Herculano Guimarães Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Fábio Ávila de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
The Stability

Object: the level and evolution of income inequality among adults in Brazil between 2006 and 2012.Objectives: to calculate the level of inequality, its trend over the years and the share of income growth appropriated by different social groups.Methodology: We combined tax data from the Annual Personal Income Tax Returns (Declaração Anual de Ajuste do Imposto de Renda da Pessoa Física - DIRPF) and the Brazilian National Household Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD) to construct a complete distribution of total income among adults in Brazil. We applied Pareto interpolations to income tax tabulations to arrive at the distribution within income groups. We tested the results, comparing the PNAD to the Brazilian Consumption and Expenditure Survey (Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares - POF) and to data from the Census Subsample Survey (Census.Results: We found evidence that income inequality in Brazil is higher than previously thought and that it remained stable between 2006 and 2012; in making these findings, we thus diverged from most studies on the dynamics of inequality in Brazil.. There was income growth, but the top incomes have appropriated most of this growth.

scholarly journals BEHAVIORAL REACTION TO THE 2008 INCOME TAX REFORM IN INDONESIA: A BUNCHING ANALYSIS

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chandra Tris Fajar Uji Putra ◽  
Ralp-Christopher Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Behavioral Reaction ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Marginal Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
Income Tax Reform

Income tax reforms generally constitute some changes in marginal tax rates and its income thresholds which often lead to a higher tax liability. Taxpayers may respond to these changes differently, mainly by trying to lower their tax payments. Self-employed individuals have a greater incentive to strategically adjust to a lower income declaration. Using administrative tax data, this paper examines the reaction of self-employed taxpayers to the 2008 Indonesian Income Tax Reform using bunching analysis. Beside a clear evidence on bunching around the first kink point, our empirical findings suggest that Indonesia exhibits special cases. We find an inertia of pre-reform bunching around the first kink point in later years as well as an extraordinary bunching above the first kink point in the post-reform periods.

scholarly journals Effective Taxation of Top Incomes in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bach ◽  
Giacomo Corneo ◽  
Viktor Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Income Tax Reform

Abstract We exploit a dataset that includes the individual tax returns of all taxpayers in the top percentile of the income distribution in Germany to pin down the effective income taxation of households with very high incomes. Taking tax base erosion into account, we find that the top percentile of the income distribution pays an effective average tax rate of 30.5% and contributes more than a quarter of total income tax revenue. Within the top percentile, the effective average tax rate is first increasing, then decreasing, with income. Since the 1990s, effective average tax rates for the German super-rich have fallen by about a third, with major reductions occurring in the wake of the personal income tax reform of 2001-05. As a result, the concentration of net incomes at the very top of the distribution has strongly increased in Germany.

THE ECONOMIC EXISTENCE OF THE STATE IS IMPLEMENTED IN TAXES

2018 ◽  
pp. 356-358
Author(s):  
Oleg I. Mariskin
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Poll Tax

The review on the book: Kirillov A. K. From the Poll Tax to Income Tax: Tax Reforms of Capitalistic Russia and Their Implementation in Western Siberia in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. Novosibirsk, 2017, 178 p.

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