Clinical manifestations of atopy in children up to two years of age

Background/Aim. Atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma have had increased prevalence during the past decade and nowadays occur in every third child in developed countries. The aim of the study was to determine frequency and type of atopic diseases at the age of two, as well as the importance the total IgE antibodies concentrations have in diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Methods. The study involved 175 children up to two years of age. Allergy-like symptoms were found after surveying their parents and pediatric medical records. Using the fluorescence immunossay (FIA) method, total IgE antibodies concentrations and specific IgE antibodies (Phadiatop infant) were determined on an Immunocap 100 Dyagnostic System. Results. One or more allergy-like symptoms accounted for 57.7% of findings in children under the age of two, whilst in 19.4% the existence of IgE-related allergic diseases was found. Atopic diseases usually have clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis (11.4%), IgE-bound wheezing/asthma (10.8%) and food allergies (7.4%), and to much lesser extent those of allergic rhinitis (3.4%) and urticaria (1.7%). The significantly higher total IgE antibodies concentrations were found in children with allergy-like symptoms (p < 0.0005) (cut-off 15.15 kU/L, sensitivity 76.5% specificity 71.6%). Conclusion. Almost 20% of two-year-old children have any of clinically manifested allergic diseases, with atopic dermatitis and IgE wheeze/asthma being predominant. The higher total IgE antibodies concentration is a good marker for sensitization in children with allergy-like symptoms.

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Role of innate lymphoid cells in allergic diseases

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings ◽

10.2500/aap.2019.40.4217 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 138-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Asghar Pasha ◽

Gargi Patel ◽

Russell Hopp ◽

Qi Yang

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Food Allergies ◽

Antigen Receptors ◽

Medline Search ◽

Allergic Disorders

Background: Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest and research into understanding the type 2 immune responses by the epithelium-derived cytokines interleukin (IL) 33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a unique family of effector immune cells that functionally resemble T cells but lack clonal distributed antigen receptors. Group 2 ILCs, ILC2s, are known for their capability to secrete proallergic cytokines, including IL-5 and IL-13. ILC2s are enriched at mucosal barriers in lung, gut, and skin, and their activation has been associated with a variety of allergic disorders. Objective: To study the role of ILC2 in different allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed for articles that reported on ILC2 in allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. Results: A review of the literature revealed an important role of ILC2 in various allergic disorders. Conclusion: Identification of ILC2s in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis indicates that these cells may represent a new therapeutic target. In this review, we discussed the current understanding of ILC2 biology and its function and regulation in various allergic diseases.

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Clinical manifestations of childhood asthma persisting until the age of seven

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi44.1.2004.1-6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Rini Asterina ◽

Sjawitri P Siregar ◽

Bambang Madiyono ◽

Bambang Supriyatno

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Persistent Asthma ◽

Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽

Atopic Diseases ◽

Inclusion Criteria

Background Asthma is a chronic illness commonly found in chil-dren. We aimed to find out the clinical manifestations of childhoodasthma persisting until the age of seven and the influencing factors.Methods A review was performed at the outpatient clinic of theDepartment of Child Health Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta,from January 1992 to December 2001, on children with asthmawho still had symptoms until the age of seven.Results During the period of 10 years, there were 322 childrenwith clinical symptoms of asthma persisting until the age of 7. Onehundred and forty-six (45.3%) met the inclusion criteria, consistingof 75 (51.4%) boys and 71 (48.6%) girls. The average age was11.7 years. There were 101 (69.2%) patients with rare episodicasthma, 26.0% with frequent episodic asthma, and 4.8% with per-sistent asthma. Age of onset was mostly beyond 3 year-old (51%).Besides asthma, atopic diseases noted in these patients were al-lergic rhinitis in 85 (58.2%) and atopic dermatitis in 42 (28.8%).Logistic regression found that cigarette smoke exposure (adjustedOR 4.72, 95%CI 2.05;10.87, p=0.000), allergic rhinitis (adjustedOR 3.44, 95%CI 1.40;8.45, p=0.007), and atopic dermatitis (ad-justed OR 2.37, 95%CI 1.01;5.72, p=0.048) had significant asso-ciation with the degree of asthma.Conclusion Of 146 children who still had asthma until the age ofseven, there were 69% with rare episodic asthma, 26% with fre-quent episodic asthma, and 4.8% with persistent asthma. Factorspresumably influencing this manifestations were cigarette smokeexposure, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis

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The Role of Allergens in Atopic Dermatitis

Journal of Dr Behcet Uz Children s Hospital ◽

10.5222/buchd.2020.37980 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Suna Asilsoy ◽

Serdar Al

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Atopic Diseases ◽

Chronic Skin ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Inhalant Allergens ◽

Chronic Skin Disease

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. Often it begins in early childhood. It is located at the first step of the process we refer to as atopic march. This feature is a precursor of the development of other allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Especially in patients with atopy of food and inhalant allergens, the occurrence of other atopic diseases is more common. Although the role of these sensitivities in AD is controversial, it has been determined that some patients may trigger eczematous skin lesions. In this report, the role of allergens in atopic dermatitis are reviewed in the light of current literature.

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Sensitisation patterns and allergy outcomes in pregnant women living in the urban area

Allergy Asthma & Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1186/s13223-021-00547-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Danielewicz ◽

Anna Dębińska ◽

Grzegorz Myszczyszyn ◽

Anna Myszkal ◽

Lidia Hirnle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Allergic Disease ◽

De Novo ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Food Allergens ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Total Ige ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Worldwide, allergy affects more than one billion people, with particularly rising prevalence in industrialised areas. Specifically, young adults appear to be predominantly targeted for an allergy diagnosis. Allergic diseases in pregnancy are mainly pre-existing but could also occur de novo. The immunological changes while pregnant, with increased Th2 lymphocyte activity, can facilitate allergen sensitisation. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of specific IgE (sIgE) sensitisation to common inhalant and food allergens in pregnancy, and assess its relationship to self-reported allergic disease. Methods We assessed 200 pregnant women, aged 20–38 years (mean age = 29 years), participant of ELMA (Epigenetic Hallmark of Maternal Atopy and Diet) study, living in a metropolitan area, with no pregnancy associated metabolic complications, for total IgE and allergen specific IgE to 20 allergens. Results 48% of pregnant women were sensitised to at least one allergen, at a cut-off point of 0.35 kU/L and they were assigned as atopic. However 42% in atopic group were not reporting any allergic disease. The most common inhalant allergens were: pollen (24.5%) and animal dander (23.5%). The most common food allergens were: cow’s milk (5.5%) and apples (4.5%). 7.5% of women reported asthma, 21.5% allergic rhinitis, 11.5% atopic dermatitis and 18.5% food allergy. 8.5% of were taking medication for asthma or allergies. Atopic dermatitis had the highest tendency to become more severe during pregnancy. Total IgE values were significantly higher in atopic women. Conclusions Allergic sensitisation is a common phenomenon in pregnancy. Some sensitisations could be asymptomatic. Further studies should investigate if sensitisation in mothers confers risks for immune alterations in their children.

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Features of sensitization to widespread allergens in residents of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region with common allergic deseases

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja550 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 74-80

Author(s):

O V Aak ◽

A V Sobolev

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Food Allergens ◽

Significant Similarity ◽

High Degree

Background. To identify differences in sensitization to widespread allergens in patients with common allergic diseases: allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, angioedema, allergic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. Determination of sIgE in serum using commercial and domestic reagent kits («AllergoI-FA-specific IgE» and biotinylated allergens of «Alcor Bio», St. Petersburg) was conducted in patients with allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, angioedema, allergic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Results. There was a significant similarity between the spectrum of sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma In atopic dermatitis patients the increasing of frequency of food and especially mold sensitization was estimated. The high degree of correlation between the moulds, plants and food allergens in atopic dermatitis was observed. Conclusion. The results obtained in the study can be interesting for physicians in allergological examination and for the researchers to identify new cross-reactive allergens.

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Features of clinical manifestations of allergic diseases in children sensitized to potatoes

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja849 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

N G Konyukova ◽

A N Pampura ◽

E S Fedenko ◽

A I Khavkin ◽

T S Okuneva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Disease ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Food Plant ◽

Plant Proteins ◽

Ige Antibodies ◽

Specific Ige Antibodies

Background. To establish the clinical and immunological features of the manifestations of allergic diseases in children with IgE-mediated sensitization to potato. Methods. allergy tests (skin prick tests and / or the determination of specific IgE in serum by ImmunoCap, Phadia was performed in 171 children with allergic diseases, who had sensitization to food plant proteins. Results. sensitization to the potato found in 134 children. significant discrepancies (36%) in the results of in vitro and in vivo tests to the potatoes were shown. sensitization to the potatoes is more common in patients with atopic dermatitis (ad), especially in severe disease. among children with the level of specific IgE antibodies to potato ≥2 kUa / l there were more common patients with severe ad. the correlation between the level of specific IgE antibodies to the potatoes and some of food plant proteins was found. the relationship between the concentration of specific IgE to the potatoes and Bet v 2 was not detected. Conclusion. the presence and concentration of specific IgE to the potatoes to a certain extent associated with clinical manifestations of ad. the data obtained substantiate the determination of specific IgE antibodies to potato in children with ad, especially in severe cases.

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O Uso dos Probióticos nas Doenças Alérgicas: Revisão de Literatura/The Use of Probiotics on Allergic Diseases: Literature Review

REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE ◽

10.21876/rcsfmit.v4i2.235 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 108-119

Author(s):

Isabela Maria Anselmo Ribeiro Simões ◽

Helba Heliane Toledo ◽

José Henrique Pereira Pinto

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Literature Review ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Atopic Diseases ◽

Significant Clinical Improvement ◽

Probiotic Strains

Nas últimas décadas, observou-se o aumento progressivo das doenças alérgicas e assim, novas alternativas preventivas e de tratamento têm sido buscadas. Neste âmbito, é notável o crescimento no número de pesquisas na comunidade científica destinadas a investigar se a suplementação com substancias probióticas seria capaz de reduzir a incidência e severidade das atopias clínicas, bem como seus possíveis efeitos como estratégia de tratamento. O artigo consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de analisar a eficácia dos probióticos nas atopias clínicas como asma, rinite alérgica, dermatite atópica e alergia alimentar, bem como seus efeitos. Apesar de relatos consistentes apontarem que cepas probióticas específicas quando usadas em determinados casos produzem melhora clínica significante, ainda se faz de extrema importância novos estudos, visando verificar e esclarecer precisamente os demais efeitos produzidos, incluindo efeitos colaterais, determinação de uma dosagem adequada, bem como a população alvo.Palavras-chave: probióticos, alergia, hipersensibilidade. ABSTRACTIn the last decades, it was observed a progressive increase of allergic diseases and consequently researchers are looking for new preventive and alternative treatments. In this context it is remarkable the growth of researcher in the scientific community,aiming to investigate whether the supplementation with probiotics substances would be able to reduce the incidence and severity of clinical atopy and its effects as a treatment strategy. The study consisted of a literature review with the aim of evaluate the clinical efficacy of probiotics in atopic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergy as well as its effects.Despite consistent reports suggest that specific probiotic strains when used in certain cases produce significant clinical improvement, it is still extremely important to have new studies in order to verify and clarify precisely other effects, including side effects, the appropriate dosage as well as the target population.Keywords: probiotics, allergy, hypersensitivity.

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Eosinophil microRNAs Play a Regulatory Role in Allergic Diseases Included in the Atopic March

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21239011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (23) ◽

pp. 9011

Author(s):

Émile Bélanger ◽

Anne-Marie Madore ◽

Anne-Marie Boucher-Lafleur ◽

Marie-Michelle Simon ◽

Tony Kwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Atopic March ◽

History Of

(1) Background: The atopic march is defined by the increased prevalence of allergic diseases after atopic dermatitis onset. In fact, atopic dermatitis is believed to play an important role in allergen sensitization via the damaged skin barrier, leading to allergic diseases such as allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. The eosinophil, a pro-inflammatory cell that contributes to epithelial damage, is one of the various cells recruited in the inflammatory reactions characterizing these diseases. Few studies were conducted on the transcriptome of this cell type and even less on their specific microRNA (miRNA) profile, which could modulate pathogenesis of allergic diseases and clinical manifestations post-transcriptionally. Actually, their implication in allergic diseases is not fully understood, but they are believed to play a role in inflammation-related patterns and epithelial cell proliferation. (2) Methods: Next-generation sequencing was performed on RNA samples from eosinophils of individuals with atopic dermatitis, atopy, allergic rhinitis and asthma to obtain differential counts of primary miRNA (pri-miRNA); these were also analyzed for asthma-related phenotypes such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), immunoglobulin E (IgE) and provocative concentration of methacholine inducing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (PC20) levels, as well as FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio. (3) Results: Eighteen miRNAs from eosinophils were identified to be significantly different between affected individuals and unaffected ones. Based on counts from these miRNAs, individuals were then clustered into groups using Ward’s method on Euclidian distances. Groups were found to be explained by asthma diagnosis, familial history of respiratory diseases and allergic rhinitis as well as neutrophil counts. (4) Conclusions: The 18 differential miRNA counts for the studying phenotypes allow a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the development of the allergic diseases included in the atopic march.

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ETIOPATHOGENETIC FEATURES OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases ◽

10.18821/1560-9588-2017-20-6-347-351 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 347-351

Author(s):

Khusan Kh. Akhrorov ◽

D. D Nabieva

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Food Factor ◽

Co Morbidity

Objective. To determine the most important etiopathogenetic factors of formation, with their subsequent influence on the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in preschool children. Material and methods. 58 children aged 2 to 5 years with AD were examined. Clinical examination of patients, a general analysis of blood and urine, koproovocystoscopy, the determination of specific IgE (to food, household, epidermal, pollen allergens) by ELISA, examination of feces for dysbiosis were performed. Assessment of clinical manifestations of AD was carried out on the bases of the SCORAD system (1997). Results. The obtained data indicated that in the severe course of the disease the first clinical signs of AD were observed already in early childhood (up to a year). Hereditary burden for allergic diseases was determined on average 74.1%, but with moderate and severe pollen sensitization was recorded - in 46.6%, epidermal - in 13.8% of patients. Factors contributing to AD aggravation in pre-school children are the food factor (72.4%), contact with plant dust (43.1%) and stressful situations (17.2%). In patients with severe disease the rates of these factors were higher from 9 to 35%. The highest incidence of co-morbidity noted among children with severe AD was 2 times higher in patients with moderate severity. Conclusion. The AD severity in children of preschool age depends directly on the simultaneous presence of several major etiopathogenetic factors. In particular, the presence of food (72.47%) and pollen (54.5%) sensitization of the organism against the background of hereditary burden on allergic diseases (90.9%) leads to disease complication, which is 9% to 35% higher than in patients with moderate to mild severity.

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Clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis in children at Denpasar Hospital

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi41.3.2001.160-5 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Gary Adhianto ◽

Hendra S

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Prick Test ◽

Pediatric Allergy ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Reported Data

This is a retrospective study by collecting data from the medical record of children diagnosed as allergic rhinitis at the Pediatric Allergy & Immunology out patient clinic at Denpasar Hospital between January 1996 and December 2000. Reported data including identifying patient, signs and symptoms, atopic history of the family, skin prick test (SPT) result and the environmental factors. Fifty-five from 297 children (18.5%) attending the Pediatric Allergy & Immunology out patient clinic were diagnosed as allergic rhinitis. Thirty nine were male and 16 female. The age ranged from 6 months to 15 years old. The majority of signs and symptom were sneezing and rhinorrhea (26%), itchy nose (23%), blocked nose (14%) and itchy eyes(12%).. Four children had history of atopic dermatitis, 1 food allergy, 10 asthma, 3 urticaria, 2 drug allaaaergy, 4 h-ad history of both atopic dermatitis and urticaria, 13 both asthma and urticaria, 2 both asthma and drug allergy and 6 children had no history of allergic diseases. Thirty three (60%) one of the parents and 12 (21.8%) both parents ever had allergic diseases. According to SPT, 27 (55.1%) of this children had positive reaction to inhalant allergen, 13 (26.5%) to food allergen and 13 (26.5%) had negative reaction.

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