Countable structures, Ehrenfeucht strategies, and Wadge reductions

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1325-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Linton
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Topological Space ◽  
Isomorphism Class ◽  
Countably Infinite ◽  
Natural Way

AbstractFor countable structures and , let abbreviate the statement that every sentence true in also holds in . One can define a back and forth game between the structures and that determines whether . We verify that if θ is an Lω,ω sentence that is not equivalent to any Lω,ω sentence, then there are countably infinite models and such that ⊨ θ, ⊨ ¬θ, and . For countable languages ℒ there is a natural way to view ℒ structúres with universe ω as a topological space, Xℒ. Let [] = { ∊ Xℒ∣ ≅ } denote the isomorphism class of . Let and be countably infinite nonisomorphic ℒ structures, and let C ⊆ ωω be any subset. Our main result states that if , then there is a continuous function f: ωω → Xℒ with the property that x ∊ C ⇒ f(x) ∊ [] and x ∉ C ⇒ f(x) ∊ f(x) ∈ []. In fact, for α ≤ 3, the continuous function f can be defined from the relation.

scholarly journals Semigroup structures for families of functions, I. Some Homomorphism Theorems

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Magill
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Topological Space ◽  
Algebraic Structure ◽  
Topological Structure ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Natural Way

This is the first of several papers which grew out of an attempt to provide C (X, Y), the family of all continuous functions mapping a topological space X into a topological space Y, with an algebraic structure. In the event Y has an algebraic structure with which the topological structure is compatible, pointwise operations can be defined on C (X, Y). Indeed, this has been done and has proved extremely fruitful, especially in the case of the ring C (X, R) of all continuous, real-valued functions defined on X [3]. Now, one can provide C(X, Y) with an algebraic structure even in the absence of an algebraic structure on Y. In fact, each continuous function from Y into X determines, in a natural way, a semigroup structure for C(X, Y). To see this, let ƒ be any continuous function from Y into X and for ƒ and g in C(X, Y), define ƒg by each x in X.

Monomorphisms of Semigroups of Local Dendrites

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Magill
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Topological Space

When we speak of the semigroup of a topological space X, we mean S(X) the semigroup of all continuous self maps of X. Let h be a homeomorphism from a topological space X onto a topological space Y. It is immediate that the mapping which sends f ∊ S(X) into h º f º h−1 is an isomorphism from the semigroup of X onto the semigroup of Y. More generally, let h be a continuous function from X into Y and k a continuous function from Y into X such that k º h is the identity map on X. One easily verifies that the mapping which sends f into h º f º k is a monomorphism from S(X) into S(Y). Now for “most” spaces X and Y, every isomorphism from S(X) onto S(Y) is induced by a homeomorphism from X onto Y. Indeed, a number of the early papers dealing with S(X) were devoted to establishing this fact.

scholarly journals Some dual aspects of the Poisson kernel

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Bonsall
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Borel Measure ◽  
Poisson Kernel ◽  
Infinite Subset ◽  
Open Unit ◽  
Positive Borel Measure ◽  
Positive Continuous Function ◽  
Open Unit Disc ◽  
Counting Measure ◽  
Countably Infinite

The Poisson kernel is defined for z in the open unit disc D and ζ in the unit circle ∂D. As usually employed, it is integrated with respect to the second variable and a measure on ∂D to yield a harmonic function on D. Here, we fix a σ-finite positive Borel measure m on D and integrate the Poisson kernel with respect to the first variable against a function φ in L1(m) to obtain a function Tmφ on ∂D. We ask for what measures m the range of Tm is L1(∂D), for what m the kernel of Tm is non-zero, and for what m every positive continuous function on ∂D is of the form Tmφ with φ non-negative. When m is the counting measure of a countably infinite subset {ak:k∈ℕ} of D, the function (Tmφ)(ζ) is of the form with . The main results generalize results previously obtained for sums of this form. A related mapping from Lp(m) into Lp(∂D) with 1 <p<∞ is briefly considered.

scholarly journals Joins of topologies homeomorphic to the rationals

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
A. J. Jayanthan ◽  
V. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Countably Infinite

AbstractLet Q be the space of all rational numbers and (X, τ) be a topological space where X is countably infinite. Here we prove that (1) τ is the join of two topologies on X both homeomorphic to Q if and only if τ is non-compact and metrizable, and (2) τ is the join of topologies on X each homeomorphic to Q if and only if τ is Tychonoff and noncompact.

A note on a functional equation arising in Galton-Watson branching processes

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna B. Athreya
Keyword(s):  
Functional Equation ◽  
Continuous Function ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Probability Generating Function ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Watson Process ◽  
Natural Way

The functional equation ϕ(mu) = h(ϕ(u)) where is a probability generating function with 1 < m = h'(1 –) < ∞ and where F(t) is a non-decreasing right continuous function with F(0 –) = 0, F(0 +) < 1 and F(+ ∞) = 1 arises in a Galton-Watson process in a natural way. We prove here that for any if and only if This unifies several results in the literature on the supercritical Galton-Watson process. We generalize this to an age dependent branching process case as well.

A note on a functional equation arising in Galton-Watson branching processes

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna B. Athreya
Keyword(s):  
Functional Equation ◽  
Continuous Function ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Branching Process ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Probability Generating Function ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Watson Process ◽  
Natural Way

The functional equation ϕ(mu) = h(ϕ(u)) where is a probability generating function with 1 &lt; m = h'(1 –) &lt; ∞ and where F(t) is a non-decreasing right continuous function with F(0 –) = 0, F(0 +) &lt; 1 and F(+ ∞) = 1 arises in a Galton-Watson process in a natural way. We prove here that for any if and only if This unifies several results in the literature on the supercritical Galton-Watson process. We generalize this to an age dependent branching process case as well.

scholarly journals rc-continuous functions and functions with rc-strongly closed graph

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (72) ◽  
pp. 4547-4555
Author(s):  
Bassam Al-Nashef
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Topological Space ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Closed Graph ◽  
Compact Spaces ◽  
Extremally Disconnected ◽  
The Family ◽  
Regular Closed

The family of regular closed subsets of a topological space is used to introduce two concepts concerning a functionffrom a spaceXto a spaceY. The first of them is the notion offbeing rc-continuous. One of the established results states that a spaceYis extremally disconnected if and only if each continuous function from a spaceXtoYis rc-continuous. The second concept studied is the notion of a functionfhaving an rc-strongly closed graph. Also one of the established results characterizes rc-compact spaces (≡S-closed spaces) in terms of functions that possess rc-strongly closed graph.

scholarly journals Quasi-uniform completions of partially ordered spaces

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Buhagiar ◽  
Tanja Telenta
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Partial Order ◽  
Uniform Space ◽  
Uniform Spaces ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Ordered Topological Space ◽  
Partially Ordered ◽  
Partially Ordered Topological Space ◽  
Partially Ordered Spaces ◽  
Natural Way

AbstractIn this paper we define partially ordered quasi-uniform spaces (X, $$\mathfrak{U}$$ , ≤) (PO-quasi-uniform spaces) as those space with a biconvex quasi-uniformity $$\mathfrak{U}$$ on the poset (X, ≤) and give a construction of a (transitive) biconvex compatible quasi-uniformity on a partially ordered topological space when its topology satisfies certain natural conditions. We also show that under certain conditions on the topology $$\tau _{\mathfrak{U}*} $$ of a PO-quasi-uniform space (X, $$\mathfrak{U}$$ , ≤), the bicompletion $$(\tilde X,\tilde {\mathfrak{U}})$$ of (X, $$\mathfrak{U}$$ ) is also a PO-quasi-uniform space ( $$(\tilde X,\tilde {\mathfrak{U}})$$ , ⪯) with a partial order ⪯ on $$\tilde X$$ that extends ≤ in a natural way.

scholarly journals Fine Fuzzy sp Closed Sets in Fine Fuzzy Topological Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1306-1313
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Topological Space ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Closed Sets ◽  
Fuzzy Topological Space ◽  
Fuzzy Topological Spaces

The main view of this article is the extended version of the fine topological space to the novel kind of space say fine fuzzy topological space which is developed by the notion called collection of quasi coincident of fuzzy sets. In this connection, fine fuzzy closed sets are introduced and studied some features on it. Further, the relationship between fine fuzzy closed sets with certain types of fine fuzzy closed sets are investigated and their converses need not be true are elucidated with necessary examples. Fine fuzzy continuous function is defined as the inverse image of fine fuzzy closed set is fine fuzzy closed and its interrelations with other types of fine fuzzy continuous functions are obtained. The reverse implication need not be true is proven with examples. Finally, the applications of fine fuzzy continuous function are explained by using the composition.

scholarly journals A GENERALIZATION OF SIERPINSKI THEOREM ON UNIQUE DETERMINING OF A SEPARATELY CONTINUOUS FUNCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-263
Author(s):  
V. Mykhaylyuk ◽  
O. Karlova
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Topological Space ◽  
Dense Subset ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Baire Space ◽  
Regular Space ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Infinite Cardinal ◽  
Urysohn Space ◽  
Completely Regular

In 1932 Sierpi\'nski proved that every real-valued separately continuous function defined on the plane $\mathbb R^2$ is determined uniquely on any everywhere dense subset of $\mathbb R^2$. Namely, if two separately continuous functions coincide of an everywhere dense subset of $\mathbb R^2$, then they are equal at each point of the plane. Piotrowski and Wingler showed that above-mentioned results can be transferred to maps with values in completely regular spaces. They proved that if every separately continuous function $f:X\times Y\to \mathbb R$ is feebly continuous, then for every completely regular space $Z$ every separately continuous map defined on $X\times Y$ with values in $Z$ is determined uniquely on everywhere dense subset of $X\times Y$. Henriksen and Woods proved that for an infinite cardinal $\aleph$, an $\aleph^+$-Baire space $X$ and a topological space $Y$ with countable $\pi$-character every separately continuous function $f:X\times Y\to \mathbb R$ is also determined uniquely on everywhere dense subset of $X\times Y$. Later, Mykhaylyuk proved the same result for a Baire space $X$, a topological space $Y$ with countable $\pi$-character and Urysohn space $Z$. Moreover, it is natural to consider weaker conditions than separate continuity. The results in this direction were obtained by Volodymyr Maslyuchenko and Filipchuk. They proved that if $X$ is a Baire space, $Y$ is a topological space with countable $\pi$-character, $Z$ is Urysohn space, $A\subseteq X\times Y$ is everywhere dense set, $f:X\times Y\to Z$ and $g:X\times Y\to Z$ are weakly horizontally quasi-continuous, continuous with respect to the second variable, equi-feebly continuous wuth respect to the first one and such that $f|_A=g|_A$, then $f=g$. In this paper we generalize all of the results mentioned above. Moreover, we analize classes of topological spaces wich are favorable for Sierpi\'nsi-type theorems.

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