Structural Variations in Juvenile Court Processing: Inequality, the Underclass, and Social Control

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Sampson ◽  
John H. Laub
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Court Processing

Expanding the Applicability of Sampson and Laub’s Theory of Inequality and Social Control: A Multilevel Examination

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Peck ◽  
Michael J. Leiber ◽  
Maude Beaudry-Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Court Processing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The present study uses Sampson and Laub’s theory of inequality and social control to examine whether underclass poverty and racial/ethnic inequality hold current relevancy over the court processing of juvenile offenders. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to investigate the impact of community aspects, offender characteristics, and offense-related factors on juvenile court outcomes occurring at intake, adjudication, and judicial disposition. Findings indicate limited evidence for the anticipated relationships between underclass poverty and racial/ethnic inequality on court processing stages. The individual and combined impact of being Black or Hispanic, and/or charged with a drug offense, exerted stronger effects on juvenile justice decision-making compared with Sampson and Laub’s structural factors. Implications for addressing the federal Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Mandate based on the findings are discussed, as well as the future empirical inquiry surrounding whether community factors interact with offender and offense characteristics to influence outcomes of youth referred to juvenile court.

Examining the Type of Legal Representation and Its Influence on Disaggregated Dispositions in Juvenile Court

2021 ◽  
pp. 154120402110276
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Brady ◽  
Jennifer H. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Alcohol Treatment ◽  
Public Defender ◽  
Legal Representation ◽  
Out Of Home Placement ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
Court Processing ◽  
Community Sanctions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

While prior studies of juvenile court outcomes have examined the impact of legal representation on out-of-home placement versus community sanctions, previous research has not fully explored the variation within sanctions that youth receive. The current study examines the influence of type of legal representation (public defender or private attorney) when predicting juvenile adjudications and dispositions. Using a sample of delinquent referrals from a Northeast state between 2009 and 2014, results showed that youth do receive different outcomes (e.g., probation, drug and alcohol treatment, accountability-oriented dispositions, etc.) based on the type of legal representation. The findings have important implications for juvenile court processing related to how courtroom actors impact case outcomes.

Race and the Impact of Detention on Juvenile Justice Decision Making

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Leiber ◽  
Kristan C. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Court Processing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detention Facilities ◽  
Research And Policy

In recent years, the growing number of minority youth disproportionately confined in secure detention facilities has led to a search for a better understanding of this occurrence. Explanations vary but tend to center on either differential offending or selection bias. The present study examines the extent both may explain decision making by specifically assessing the effect of race on detention and the degree that race and detention influence further court processing in one juvenile court jurisdiction in the state of Iowa. Multivariate analyses using juvenile court data (1980 through 2000) show that although legal factors account for some of the decision making and minority over representation, so too does race. Evidence is presented that, through detention, race has direct, interaction, and indirect effects that often work to the disadvantage of African American youth relative to White youth. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

Robe versus Brief im Diversionsverfahren

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Verena Pitz
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Juvenile Delinquent ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
First Offenders ◽  
The Right ◽  
Court Hearing

Juvenile delinquency is omnipresent and ubiquitous. In times of resource-limited personnel policy, dwindling social control and media-effective appeals for sanctions, how should the judiciary react to typical crimes of young first offenders? Is an informal letter enough to lead the young person back to the right path? Or must the juvenile delinquent truly experience the power of the state in robes in order to persuade him or her to live in accordance with the law? This dissertation seeks to answer these questions. It offers an empirical study to determine whether a diversion variant within the informal settlements of the German JGG yields superior results in terms of special prevention and procedural economics. Based on these insights, the dissertation formulates a diversion guideline that makes the advantages of a juvenile court hearing available to diversion proceedings and, at the same time, bridges the gap between the requirements of science and the possibilities of practice.

Juvenile Aid Panels: An Alternative to Juvenile Court Processing in South Australia

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Sarri ◽  
Patrick W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
Status Offenders ◽  
Court Processing

Diversion and other alternatives to juvenile court processing are being used increasingly in many countries. Juvenile aid panels were developed and implemented in South Australia as a part of the 1971 revised Juvenile Courts Act. Findings from the study of a five-year cohort of youths pro cessed through the juvenile aid panels and the juvenile court are presented and analyzed. The findings indicate that the rate of reappearance of youths processed through the panels was essentially similar to that of youths processed through the court. Thus, as far as the criterion of re cidivism is concerned, this more benign and less stigmatizing mechanism is at least as effective as court processing. Panels were not successful in removing all minor and status offenders from processing in the court, nor were the numbers of cases processed by the court reduced as a result of the panels. Quite the opposite—the entire juvenile justice system grew rapidly during this five-year period, largely because of increased numbers pro cessed by the panels.

The Liberation Hypothesis Perspective and Juvenile Court Outcomes: Implications for an Understanding of the Interplay Between Offender and Offense Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 806-836
Author(s):  
Maude Beaudry-Cyr ◽  
Michael Leiber ◽  
Sarah Jane Brubaker ◽  
Chae Jaynes
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Crime Severity ◽  
Prior Record ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberation Hypothesis ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Extralegal Factors ◽  
The Impact

Extensive empirical support demonstrates the importance of legal (e.g., crime severity, prior record) and extralegal factors (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender) in predicting juvenile court outcomes. An understudied area is inquiry into how certain extralegal factors interact with legal determinants to impact the social control of juveniles. This study uses a sample of delinquent referrals from a Northeast state over 10 years to examine the impact of race/ethnicity, gender, crime severity, and prior record, individually and in combination, on juvenile court outcomes. Although the liberation hypothesis predicts that extralegal factors have a diminishing effect on case outcomes as the severity of the case increases, overall, we fail to find support for this expectation.

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