Ileal Mucosal Mast Cell, Eosinophil, and Goblet Cell Populations during Hymenolepis diminuta Infection of the Rat

ABSTRACT Infection with intestinal nematodes induces profound pathological changes to the gut that are associated with eventual parasite expulsion. We have applied expression profiling as an initial screening process with oligonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix MG-U74AV2 gene chips) and time course kinetics to investigate gene transcription triggered by the intraepithelial nematode Trichinella spiralis in jejunal epithelium from BALB/c mice. Of the 4,114 genes detected, 2,617 were present in all uninfected and T. spiralis-infected replicates, 8% of which were notably upregulated, whereas 12% were downregulated at the time of worm expulsion (day 14 postinfection). Upregulation of goblet cell mucin gene transcripts intestinal mucin gene 3 (MUC3), calcium chloride channel 5 (CLCA5), and goblet cell gene 4 (GOB4) is consistent with enhanced production and alteration of mucus, whereas a 60- to 70-fold upregulation of transcripts for mast cell proteases 1 and 2 (MCPT-1 and -2) is consistent with intraepithelial mucosal mast cell recruitment. Importantly, there was novel expression of sialyltransferase 4C (SIAT4C), small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A), and resistin-like molecule β (RELMβ) on day 14 postinfection. In contrast, DNase I and regenerating protein 3 (REG3) transcripts were substantially downregulated. Time course analyses revealed early (within 48 h of infection) induction of Siat4c, Sprr2A, and Relmβ and later (within 120 h) induction of Mcpt-1 and -2. The findings demonstrate early innate responses and later inflammatory changes within the epithelium. The early epithelial responses may be associated both with repair (Sprr2A) and with the development of innate immunity (Siat4c and Relmβ).

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Inflammatory responses in the intestine during tapeworm infections. Mucosal mast cells and mucosal mast cell proteases in Sprague-Dawley rats infected with Hymenolepis diminuta

International Journal for Parasitology ◽

10.1016/0020-7519(92)90054-o ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 961-966 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

D.W. Featherston ◽

D. Wakelln ◽

D.A. Lammas

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Mucosal Mast Cell ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Mucosal Mast Cells ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

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Innate immune response mechanisms in the intestinal epithelium: potential roles for mast cells and goblet cells in the expulsion of adultTrichinella spiralis

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182008004319 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 135 (6) ◽

pp. 655-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

P. A. KNIGHT ◽

J. K. BROWN ◽

A. D. PEMBERTON

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Goblet Cell ◽

Intestinal Epithelium ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Mucosal Mast Cell ◽

Cell Hyperplasia ◽

Goblet Cell Differentiation ◽

Mucosal T Cells ◽

Mast Cell Hyperplasia

SUMMARYGastrointestinal infection with the nematodeTrichinella spiralisis accompanied by a rapid and reversible expansion of the mucosal mast cell and goblet cell populations in the intestinal epithelium, which is associated with the release of their mediators into the gut lumen. Both goblet cell and mast cell hyperplasia are highly dependent on mucosal T-cells and augmented by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. However, the contribution of both mast and goblet cells, and the mediators they produce, to the expulsion of the adults ofT. spiralisis only beginning to be elucidated through studies predominantly employingT. spiralis-mouse models. In the present article, we review the factors proposed to controlT. spiralis-induced mucosal mast cell (MMC) and goblet cell differentiation in the small intestine, and focus on some key MMC and goblet cell effector molecules which may contribute to the expulsion of adult worms and/or inhibition of larval development.

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