The Imperial Fora of Rome: Some Design Considerations

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Wightman
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Roman Architecture ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Cosmic Order ◽  
Base Dimension ◽  
Unified Design

Research in ancient Roman architectural design has come increasingly to the view that geometry was often as important as metrication and proportion. The present paper examines the contribution of both geometry and arithmetic to the design of the four imperial fora in Rome, as well as the closely related Temple of Peace. An analysis of the Forum of Augustus-the best-known of the imperial fora-shows that it was designed according to a geometric model with a particular size utilizing a "base dimension" of 146 Roman feet. Analyses of the other fora show that the same geometric model-but with a base dimension of 150 feet-can be used to generate their basic spatial divisions and dimensions. The model accounts not only for straightforward and integral dimensions or proportions, but also for irrational and nonintegral proportions hitherto unexplained. The article argues that the mixture of integral, nonintegral, and irrational metrication was a deliberate aspect of the design process, in line with the Early Imperial propensity to combine rectilinear and curvilinear architectural forms. The article concludes with a suggestion that the model originated in the Etruscan ritual division of space, which was adopted by the Romans and later applied to an increasingly broad range of building types. The model may thus have served as a kind of template or cosmogram whereby each building designed on it could embody essential features of cosmic order. It gave to each Roman building its uniquely "Italic" flavor quite separate from Greek "cosmetics." If the model's application proves to be sufficiently broad, then the possibility is raised of developing a "unified design theory" for Etruscan and Roman architecture. These issues will be broached in future articles.

Autogenetic Design Theory: An Approach to Optimise Both the Design Process and the Product

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa´ndor Vajna ◽  
Steffen Clement ◽  
Andre´ Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Development Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Core ◽  
Computer Based

The paper presents a new approach aiming at modeling and supporting the design activity as the substantial activity within the product development process. The Autogenetic Design Theory facilitates the integration of intuition, creativity and artificial intelligence into the conventional design process. To this end, a phase-like allocation of the design process is assumed as the essential structure and an evolutionary algorithm is integrated as the core facilitating purposeful searching and combining. Hence, the flow of the design process can be influenced as all requirements can be included and, on the other hand, intuition and creativity are ensured through the evolutionary algorithm. The example of the shift fork, which was described in the paper, shows how ADT can support variant design. Next steps will include the application of the ADT to the other types of design. The optimisation of the shift fork was the first step towards a computer-based implementation of the ADT.

scholarly journals Storytelling architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Bica
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Contemporary Architecture ◽  
Design Drawing ◽  
Architectural Spaces

This thesis critiques contemporary architecture tracing its faults to favoritism of scientific thinking, diminishing urban culture and commodification of architecture. The effects of these shortcomings have fostered a loss of captivation between humanity and architecture placing people at odds with their built surroundings. This thesis aims to reintegrate captivation within design drawing metaphorical inspiration from storytelling to create engaging architectural spaces. In so doing, architectural storytelling is established as a new design theory with the aim of integrating rich narratives within the foundation of the architectural design process rekindling the strained relationship between architecture and mankind. Storytelling architecture will be show cased through the design of a subway station at Queen St. and Ossington Ave. in Toronto

scholarly journals Storytelling architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Bica
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Contemporary Architecture ◽  
Design Drawing ◽  
Architectural Spaces

This thesis critiques contemporary architecture tracing its faults to favoritism of scientific thinking, diminishing urban culture and commodification of architecture. The effects of these shortcomings have fostered a loss of captivation between humanity and architecture placing people at odds with their built surroundings. This thesis aims to reintegrate captivation within design drawing metaphorical inspiration from storytelling to create engaging architectural spaces. In so doing, architectural storytelling is established as a new design theory with the aim of integrating rich narratives within the foundation of the architectural design process rekindling the strained relationship between architecture and mankind. Storytelling architecture will be show cased through the design of a subway station at Queen St. and Ossington Ave. in Toronto

scholarly journals AN OVERTURE TO THE ROLE OF ARCHITECT WORLDVIEW IN CONFORMITY AND DIRECTION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusefabad Sepide Abbasi ◽  
Behnaz Aminzade ◽  
Naghizade Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Definition Of

The “product” of architecture, as something that is created by the architect in a “design process”, alongwith other effective materialistic and environmental factors, depends on the worldview of the architectas the pioneer and director of the process. In fact, the architect’s definition of human being and hisaspects of existence on one hand and his needs and objectives on the other, determine “how” and “inwhat direction” the design process will proceed. It also reveals how the data intended for designing willbe gathered, and “for achieving what goals” and “meeting what needs” they are processed. The presentenquiry is an attempt to investigate how the character and characteristics of the architect’s worldviewwill affect the steps and characteristics of the design process. Therefore, first, an architectural designprocess will be established step by step, and then, the effects of the worldview on them will be studied;and consequently the components influenced by the worldview will be analyzed. Based on the nature ofthis paper, the descriptive-analytical methodology and inductive reasoning were used. Also, therequired data were gathered by desk study.

The application of topological geometry to the architectural concept design process in the flow of digitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Minh Thuy ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Thi
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Topological Design ◽  
Architectural Design Theory ◽  
Topological Geometry

PurposeThe paper aims to research the applications of topological geometry to the architectural concept design process and their combination with the modern digital technology to find novel architectural spaces and forms which are dynamic, easily adaptable to the context and surroundings.Design/methodology/approachThe article uses the method of studying the existing literature on topological geometry and architectural design theory including design thinking, architectural design methods and architectural compositions to analyze and compare them with architectural practices and suggest new topological design tools and methods. Moreover, the paper tests the proposals with a number of preliminary design research experiments. In addition, graphic design software, parametric design, building information modeling (BIM) and digital development trends in architecture were explored and experienced to reveal the application potential of topological design thinking and methods in the trend of architectural digitization.FindingsThe paper has analyzed, synthesized and systematized the basic theories of topological geometry in order to clarify their applications in the architectural concept design process. On that basis, the paper proposes a novel topological design thinking and method for finding rich diversified architectural ideas and forms based on original invariant design constraints. Finally, the paper clarifies the combination as well as the mutual, motivating relationship between topological geometry and modern digital technologies when applied to architectural design.Originality/valueThe research contributes a novel design thinking and method based on topological geometry combined with modern digital technology to the architectural design theory. It will be a valuable tool capable of suggesting architects how to think and innovate in architecture in the era of industrial revolution 4.0.

Cyberphysical Design Automation Framework for Knowledge-based Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-178
Author(s):  
Urcun John Tanik
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Automation ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Engineering ◽  
Cyberphysical System ◽  
Automation Framework

Cyberphysical system design automation utilizing knowledge based engineering techniques with globally networked knowledge bases can tremendously improve the design process for emerging systems. Our goal is to develop a comprehensive architectural framework to improve the design process for cyberphysical systems (CPS) and implement a case study with Axiomatic Design Solutions Inc. to develop next generation toolsets utilizing knowledge-based engineering (KBE) systems adapted to multiple domains in the field of CPS design automation. The Cyberphysical System Design Automation Framework (CPSDAF) will be based on advances in CPS design theory based on current research and knowledge collected from global sources automatically via Semantic Web Services. A case study utilizing STEM students is discussed.

scholarly journals Energy Rating of Buildings to Promote Energy-Conscious Design in Israel

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Abraham Yezioro ◽  
Isaac Guedi Capeluto
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
New Buildings

Improving the energy efficiency of existing and new buildings is an important step towards achieving more sustainable environments. There are various methods for grading buildings that are required according to regulations in different places for green building certification. However, in new buildings, these rating systems are usually implemented at late design stages due to their complexity and lack of integration in the architectural design process, thus limiting the available options for improving their performance. In this paper, the model ENERGYui used for design and rating buildings in Israel is presented. One of its main advantages is that it can be used at any design stage, including the early ones. It requires information that is available at each stage only, as the additional necessary information is supplemented by the model. In this way, architects can design buildings in a way where they are aware of each design decision and its impact on their energy performance, while testing different design directions. ENERGYui rates the energy performance of each basic unit, as well as the entire building. The use of the model is demonstrated in two different scenarios: an office building in which basic architectural features such as form and orientation are tested from the very beginning, and a residential building in which the intervention focuses on its envelope, highlighting the possibilities of improving their design during the whole design process.

A Multi-Cylinder HCCI Engine Model for Control

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Souder ◽  
Parag Mehresh ◽  
J. Karl Hedrick ◽  
Robert W. Dibble
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Control Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Variable Valve Timing ◽  
Valve Timing ◽  
Coupling Effects ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Hcci Engines ◽  
Variable Valve

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are a promising engine technology due to their low emissions and high efficiencies. Controlling the combustion timing is one of the significant challenges to practical HCCI engine implementations. In a spark-ignited engine, the combustion timing is controlled by the spark timing. In a Diesel engine, the timing of the direct fuel injection controls the combustion timing. HCCI engines lack such direct in-cylinder mechanisms. Many actuation methods for affecting the combustion timing have been proposed. These include intake air heating, variable valve timing, variable compression ratios, and exhaust throttling. On a multi-cylinder engine, the combustion timing may have to be adjusted on each cylinder independently. However, the cylinders are coupled through the intake and exhaust manifolds. For some of the proposed actuation methods, affecting the combustion timing on one cylinder influences the combustion timing of the other cylinders. In order to implement one of these actuation methods on a multi-cylinder engine, the engine controller must account for the cylinder-to-cylinder coupling effects. A multi-cylinder HCCI engine model for use in the control design process is presented. The model is comprehensive enough to capture the cylinder-to-cylinder coupling effects, yet simple enough for the rapid simulations required by the control design process. Although the model could be used for controller synthesis, the model is most useful as a starting point for generating a reduced-order model, or as a plant model for evaluating potential controllers. Specifically, the model includes the dynamics for affecting the combustion timing through exhaust throttling. The model is readily applicable to many of the other actuation methods, such as variable valve timing. Experimental results validating the model are also presented.

scholarly journals Beyond analogy: A model of bioinspiration for creative design

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Freitas Salgueiredo ◽  
Armand Hatchuel
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Concept Knowledge ◽  
Bioinspired Design ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Biologically Inspired Design ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIs biologically inspired design only an analogical transfer from biology to engineering? Actually, nature does not always bring “hands-on” solutions that can be analogically applied in classic engineering. Then, what are the different operations that are involved in the bioinspiration process and what are the conditions allowing this process to produce a bioinspired design? In this paper, we model the whole design process in which bioinspiration is only one element. To build this model, we use a general design theory, concept–knowledge theory, because it allows one to capture analogy as well as all other knowledge changes that lead to the design of a bioinspired solution. We ground this model on well-described examples of biologically inspired designs available in the scientific literature. These examples include Flectofin®, a hingeless flapping mechanism conceived for façade shading, and WhalePower technology, the introduction of bumps on the leading edge of airfoils to improve aerodynamic properties. Our modeling disentangles the analogical aspects of the biologically inspired design process, and highlights the expansions occurring in both knowledge bases, scientific (nonbiological) and biological, as well as the impact of these expansions in the generation of new concepts (concept partitioning). This model also shows that bioinspired design requires a special form of collaboration between engineers and biologists. Contrasting with the classic one-way transfer between biology and engineering that is assumed in the literature, the concept–knowledge framework shows that these collaborations must be “mutually inspirational” because both biological and engineering knowledge expansions are needed to reach a novel solution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document