Helminthic Infections

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley C Van Voorhis
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Visceral Larva Migrans ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Infected Meat

Helminthic parasites are multicellular worms that possess differentiated organ systems. They (with a few exceptions) do not replicate in the human host, and they tend to elicit eosinophilia within the tissues and blood of infected humans. Helminthic parasites include nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes). The major intestinal nematodes are roundworm, pinworm, hookworm, whipworm, and Strongyloides stercoralis. Trichinellosis is caused by five species of the nematode Trichinella and develops after ingestion of infected meat, usually pork or the meat of certain carnivores. Nematode infections of the major tissue are anisakiasis, visceral larva migrans,Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection, mammomonogamosis (syngamosis), gnathostomiasis, dracunculiasis, and filariasis. Trematode and cestode infections are also described in this chapter, including infections by fish, beef, and pork tapeworms, as well as cysticercosis. Disease from Paragonimus, Clonorchis, Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, and Schistosoma is covered. Echinococcus infection and hydatid cyst disease are discussed. Tables describe intestinal nematode infection and treatment and filarial parasites of humans. Figures illustrate a variety of helminthic parasites and their life cycles. This review contains 136 references.

scholarly journals Strongyloidiasis in the gastrointestinal biopsy

Pulse ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-28
Author(s):  
A Khaled ◽  
N Ara ◽  
LL Chawdhury ◽  
TA Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Precise Estimate ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Disseminated Infection ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Hyperinfection Syndrome ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode of humans. It is estimated that tens of millions of persons are infected worldwide, although no precise estimate is available [1].S. stercoralis is distinguished by its ability-unusual among helminths-to replicate in the human host. This capacity permits ongoing cycles of autoinfection as infective larvae are internally produced. Strongyloides can thus persist for decades without further exposure of the host to exogenous infective larvae [2]. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic, but under some conditions associated with immunocompromise, this autoinfective cycle can become amplified into a potentially fatal hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infection [3]. Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis is usually made by stool examination. Detection and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in the gastrointestinal biopsy is relatively rare [4].DOI: 10.3329/pulse.v3i1.6551Pulse Vol.3(1) July 2009 p27-28

scholarly journals Strongyloides stercoralis Infestation in a Child: How a Nematode Can Affect Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2131
Author(s):  
Stefania Pane ◽  
Anna Sacco ◽  
Andrea Iorio ◽  
Lorenza Romani ◽  
Lorenza Putignani
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the intestinal nematode Strongyloides stercoralis and characterized by gastrointestinal and pulmonary involvement. We report a pediatric case of strongyloidiasis to underline the response of the host microbiota to the perturbation induced by the nematode. Methods: We performed a 16S rRNA-metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota of a 7-year-old female during and after S. stercolaris infection, investigating three time-point of stool samples’ ecology: T0- during parasite infection, T1- a month after parasite infection, and T2- two months after parasite infection. Targeted-metagenomics were used to investigate ecology and to predict the functional pathways of the gut microbiota. Results: an increase in the alpha-diversity indices in T0-T1 samples was observed compared to T2 and healthy controls (CTRLs). Beta-diversity analysis showed a shift in the relative abundance of specific gut bacterial species from T0 to T2 samples. Moreover, the functional prediction of the targeted-metagenomics profiles suggested an enrichment of microbial glycan and carbohydrate metabolisms in the T0 sample compared with CTRLs. Conclusions: The herein report reinforces the literature suggestion of a putative direct or immune-mediated ability of S. stercolaris to promote the increase in bacterial diversity.

An outbreak of visceral larva migrans due to Ascaris suum in Kyushu, Japan

The Lancet ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 347 (9017) ◽  
pp. 1766-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Maruyama ◽  
Yukifumi Nawa ◽  
Shinichi Noda ◽  
Tatsuyuki Mimori ◽  
Won-Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Visceral Larva Migrans

Cross-reactivity between Anisakis simplex sensitization and visceral larva migrans by Toxocara canis

Acta Tropica ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Perteguer ◽  
C. Cuéllar ◽  
J.L. Guillén ◽  
C. Águila ◽  
S. Fenoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Visceral Larva Migrans

scholarly journals Environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in a rural settlement in Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamilton Alvares Santarém ◽  
Elisabeth da Cunha Franco ◽  
Fernanda Torres Kozuki ◽  
Danila Fini ◽  
Luiz Euribel Prestes-Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Visceral Larva Migrans ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Flotation Technique

In order to study the environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs in a rural community from the Pontal do Paranapanema region, São Paulo State, Brazil, soil samples from 31 out of 121 plots were collected in eight different places on each house. The samples were submitted to flotation technique in sodium nitrate (d = 1.20g/cm³). Eggs of Toxocara spp. were recovered in nine (29.03%) out of the 31 plots. At least one dog was registered in 27 of the 31 plots examined (87.1%) and at least one cat in 17 (54.84%). The number of pets per plot ranged from one to six (mean of 2.3) for dogs and one to 14 (mean of 1.29) for cats. In 16 plots (51.61%), the presence of both dogs and cats was observed. There was no relation between the presence of pets in the plots and soil contamination (p > 0.05). However, the environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs associated to the poor conditions of the inhabitants may be an important risk factor for the human population to ocular or visceral larva migrans.

scholarly journals Toxocara Canis infestation with encephalitis

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Z. Mikhael ◽  
Vital J.A. Montpetit ◽  
Manuel Orizaga ◽  
Harry C. Rowsell ◽  
Michael T. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Visceral Larva Migrans ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Cerebral Involvement ◽  
Histological Verification

SUMMARYThe syndrome “visceral larva migrans” produced by migration of nematode larvae (commonly Toxocara species) in the extraintestinal tissues in unusual hosts, including man (particularly children of dirt eating age), with the production of reactive granulomatous lesions, was first described in 1952. About 200 cases have been reported since. Well documented cases are rare due to the difficulty in histological verification. Three cases have been reported in Canada but these were not verified. We believe the present report is the first verified case of visceral larva migrans in Canada and the fifth case of human cerebral involvement by Toxocara in the English literature. It is hoped that this report will emphasize the need for further research into the role of host versus parasite and will underline the potential danger, albeit remote, of household pets to children. Indeed, prevention is the only line of attack, as there is no effective drug against the migrating larvae of Toxocara.

scholarly journals Space Occupying Lesion in the Liver Caused by Hepatic Visceral Larva Migrans: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kye-Yeung Park ◽  
Hoon-Ki Park ◽  
Hwan-Sik Hwang ◽  
Jae-Sook Ryu ◽  
Kyeong-Geun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Visceral Larva Migrans ◽  
Space Occupying Lesion
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