Changes in Adipose Tissue Depots and Metabolic Markers Following a 1-Year Diet and Exercise Intervention in Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

The purpose of this study was to present the challenges faced when implementing a diet and exercise intervention for low-income older Hispanics with type 2 diabetes with an observational study of recruitment, attendance, and characteristics of Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes in a community congregate meal site pre and post administration of a diet and exercise intervention. This report evaluates retentions and diabetes self-management beliefs Hispanic adults ≥60 years with type 2 diabetes (n=17) at baseline, and completion of the six-month intervention in terms of the Health Belief Model. There was limited interest in controlling diabetes with diet and exercise. Major barriers included lack of perceived vulnerability to diabetes complications and a belief that medication alone is sufficient to stabilize blood glucose. Environmental barriers included lack of transportation, access to exercise groups, access grocery stores, and limited ability to pay for healthy foods. A lesson learned from this intervention was that the diet and exercise intervention given was insufficient as a cue to action for this population interventions to engage low-income, older Hispanics with diabetes in diet and exercise need to consider strategies to overcome barriers such as health beliefs, transportation issues, lack of access to nutritious food and group exercise classes.

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Sex differences in regional adipose tissue depots pose different threats for the development of Type 2 diabetes in males and females

Obesity Reviews ◽

10.1111/obr.13393 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Kerri Z. Delaney ◽

Sylvia Santosa

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Adipose Tissue Depots ◽

Males And Females

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Habitual physical activity, aerobic capacity and metabolic control in patients with newly-diagnosed Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: effect of 1-year diet and exercise intervention

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/bf00401201 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 340-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

E. Vanninen ◽

M. Uusitupa ◽

O. Siitonen ◽

J. Laitinen ◽

E. L�nsimies

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Diet And Exercise Intervention

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The Effect of Very-Low-Calorie Diet on mRNA Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Peripheral Monocytes of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2010-1858 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. E606-E613 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

M. Mraz ◽

Z. Lacinova ◽

J. Drapalova ◽

D. Haluzikova ◽

A. Horinek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Very Low Calorie Diet ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Proinflammatory Factors

Abstract Context: Low-grade inflammation links obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To explore the expression profile of genes involved in inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue and peripheral monocytes (PM) of obese patients with and without T2DM at baseline and after dietary intervention. Design: Two-week intervention study with very-low-calorie diet (VLCD). Setting: University hospital. Patients: Twelve obese females with T2DM, 8 obese nondiabetic females (OB) and 15 healthy age-matched females. Intervention: Two weeks of VLCD (2500 kJ/d). Main Outcome Measures: Metabolic parameters, circulating cytokines, hormones, and mRNA expression of 39 genes in sc adipose tissue (SCAT) and PM. Results: Both T2DM and OB group had significantly increased serum concentrations of circulating proinflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8), mRNA expression of macrophage antigen CD68 and proinflammatory chemokines (CCL-2, -3, -7, -8, -17, -22) in SCAT and complementary chemokine receptors (CCR-1, -2, -3, -5) and other proinflammatory receptors (toll-like receptor 2 and 4, TNF receptor superfamily 1A and 1B, IL-6R) in PM, with OB group showing less pronounced chemoattracting and proinflammatory profile compared to T2DM group. In T2DM patients VLCD decreased body weight, improved metabolic profile, and decreased mRNA expression of up-regulated CCRs in PM and chemokines [CCL 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10] in SCAT. VLCD markedly increased mRNA expression of T-lymphocyte attracting chemokine CCL-17 in SCAT. Conclusion: Obese patients with and without T2DM have increased mRNA expression of chemotactic and proinflammatory factors in SCAT and expression of corresponding receptors in PM. Two weeks of VLCD significantly improved this profile in T2DM patients.

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Renal Protective Effects of a Diet and Exercise Intervention in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800415583106 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 76-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hua Liang

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Diet And Exercise Intervention ◽

Group D

Purpose: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common diabetic microvascular complications. Inflammatory factors participate in each stage of DN, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) play important mediation roles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the renal protective effects of a diet and exercise intervention in a rat model of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method: Control rats (Group A, n = 10) were fed a normal diet, while 30 rats were fed a high-glucose, high-fat diet and given an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin to establish the T2DM model. Model rats ( n = 8 per group) were randomized into Groups B, C, and D. Groups C and D were treated with glibenclamide, and Group D received an 8-week diet and exercise intervention. Blood, 12-hr urine, and kidney tissue samples were collected postintervention for detecting blood glucose and lipid levels, expression of MCP-1 and NF-κB, and renal function indices. Results: Postintervention, blood glucose, and lipid levels in Groups C and D were lower than those in Group B, with decreases in Group D significantly greater than in Group C. Every index of renal protection showed greater improvement in Group D than in Group C ( p < .05). The expression of NF-κB and MCP-1 was lower in Group D than in Group C ( p < .05). Conclusions: The diet and exercise intervention reduced the inflammatory reaction and delayed T2DM and DN progression by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and downregulating the expression of MCP-1.

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Regulation of p27 and Cdk2 Expression in Different Adipose Tissue Depots in Aging and Obesity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222111745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (21) ◽

pp. 11745

Author(s):

Ignacio Colón-Mesa ◽

Marta Fernández-Galilea ◽

Neira Sáinz ◽

Marta Lopez-Yus ◽

Jose M. Artigas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Adipose Tissue Depots ◽

Obesity In Mice ◽

Cdk2 Expression ◽

Lower Expression

Aging usually comes associated with increased visceral fat accumulation, reaching even an obesity state, and favoring its associated comorbidities. One of the processes involved in aging is cellular senescence, which is highly dependent on the activity of the regulators of the cell cycle. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the expression of p27 and cdk2 in different adipose tissue depots during aging, as well as their regulation by obesity in mice. Changes in the expression of p27 and CDK2 in visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) biopsies were also analyzed in a human cohort of obesity and type 2 diabetes. p27, but not cdk2, exhibits a lower expression in subcutaneous than in visceral WAT in mice and humans. p27 is drastically downregulated by aging in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT), but not in gonadal WAT, of female mice. Obesity upregulates p27 and cdk2 expression in scWAT, but not in other fat depots of aged mice. In humans, a significant upregulation of p27 was observed in visceral WAT of subjects with obesity. Taken together, these results show a differential adipose depot-dependent regulation of p27 and cdk2 in aging and obesity, suggesting that p27 and cdk2 could contribute to the adipose-tissue depot’s metabolic differences. Further studies are necessary to fully corroborate this hypothesis.

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