Effects of sprint interval training on maximal oxygen uptake in athletes: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun YANG ◽  
Duanying LI ◽  
Hezhi XIE ◽  
Hongshen JI ◽  
Junbing LU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training

Contribution of central and peripheral adaptations to changes in maximal oxygen uptake following 4 weeks of sprint interval training

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Raleigh ◽  
Matthew D. Giles ◽  
Hashim Islam ◽  
Matthew Nelms ◽  
Robert F. Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

The current study examined the contribution of central and peripheral adaptations to changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) following sprint interval training (SIT). Twenty-three males completed 4 weekly SIT sessions (8 × 20-s cycling bouts at ∼170% of work rate at V̇O2max, 10-s recovery) for 4 weeks. Following completion of training, the relationship between changes in V̇O2max and changes in central (cardiac output) and peripheral (arterial–mixed venous oxygen difference (a-vO2diff), muscle capillary density, oxidative capacity, fibre-type distribution) adaptations was determined in all participants using correlation analysis. Participants were then divided into tertiles on the basis of the magnitude of their individual V̇O2max responses, and differences in central and peripheral adaptations were examined in the top (HI; ∼10 mL·kg−1·min−1 increase in V̇O2max, p < 0.05) and bottom (LO; no change in V̇O2max, p > 0.05) tertiles (n = 8 each). Training had no impact on maximal cardiac output, and no differences were observed between the LO group and the HI group (p > 0.05). The a-vO2diff increased in the HI group only (p < 0.05) and correlated significantly (r = 0.71, p < 0.01) with changes in V̇O2max across all participants. Muscle capillary density (p < 0.02) and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase maximal activity (p < 0.05) increased in both groups, with no between-group differences (p > 0.05). Citrate synthase maximal activity (p < 0.01) and type IIA fibre composition (p < 0.05) increased in the LO group only. Collectively, although the heterogeneity in the observed V̇O2max response following 4 weeks of SIT appears to be attributable to individual differences in systemic vascular and/or muscular adaptations, the markers examined in the current study were unable to explain the divergent V̇O2max responses in the LO and HI groups.

Changes in exercise capacity and serum BDNF following long-term sprint interval training in well-trained cyclists

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Rafał Hebisz ◽  
Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz ◽  
Marek Zatoń
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Exercise Tests

The study determined the effects of sprint interval training on the acute and chronic changes of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and aerobic capacity. Twenty-six cyclists were divided into experimental (E) and control groups. Both groups executed a 6-month exercise intervention involving high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous endurance training (CET) with group E replacing HIIT and CET sessions with sprint interval training (SIT) that was executed twice a week. Two exercise tests were administered prior to the intervention and at 2 and 6 months after study outset. Incremental exercise test assessed aerobic capacity by measuring maximal oxygen uptake and work output; the sprint interval exercise test (SIXT) comprises 3 sets of four 30-s all-out repetitions interspersed with 90 s of rest with sets separated by 25–40 min of active recovery. Oxygen uptake, work output, BDNF, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) concentrations (baseline, 10 min after first set, and 10 and 60 min after third SIXT set) were taken during the SIXT. Significant decreases in BDNF relative to baseline values were observed 10 min after the first set and 60 min after the third set in group E at the 2- and 6-month assessments. Increases in baseline VEGF-A after 2 and 6 months of training and increases in maximal oxygen uptake after 2 months of training were also observed only in group E. The inclusion of SIT with HIIT and CET shows positive long-term effects, including increased maximal oxygen uptake and baseline VEGF-A and a reduction in BDNF below baseline levels during and after SIXT.

scholarly journals Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Maximal Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10740
Author(s):  
Jing Hu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Bingkai Lei ◽  
Junping Li ◽  
Ruiyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet has recently been subject to attention on account of its reported influences on body composition and physical performance. However, the combined effect of LCHF with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore the effect of the LCHF diet combined with HIIT on human body composition (i.e., body weight (BM), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), fat-free mass (FFM)) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Online libraries (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CNKI, Wan Fang) were used to search initial studies until July 2021, from which 10 out of 2440 studies were included. WMD served as the effect size with a confidence interval value of 95%. The results of meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in BM (WMD = −5.299; 95% CI: −7.223, −3.376, p = 0.000), BMI (WMD = −1.150; 95% CI: −2.225, −0.075, p = 0.036), BFP (WMD = −2.787; 95% CI: −4.738, −0.835, p = 0.005) and a significant increase in VO2max (WMD = 3.311; 95% CI: 1.705, 4.918, p = 0.000), while FM (WMD = −2.221; 95% CI: −4.582, 0.139, p = 0.065) and FFM (WMD = 0.487; 95% CI: −3.512, 4.469, p = 0.814) remained unchanged. In conclusion, the LCHF diet combined with HIIT can reduce weight and fat effectively. This combination is sufficient to prevent muscle mass loss during LCHF, and further enhance VO2max. Further research might be required to clarify the effect of other types of exercise on body composition and physical performance during LCHF.

scholarly journals The Effect of Eight-Week Sprint Interval Training on Aerobic Performance of Elite Badminton Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Haochong Liu ◽  
Bo Leng ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Dapeng Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
And Control

This study was aimed to: (1) investigate the effects of physiological functions of sprint interval training (SIT) on the aerobic capacity of elite badminton players; and (2) explore the potential mechanisms of oxygen uptake, transport and recovery within the process. Thirty-two elite badminton players volunteered to participate and were randomly divided into experimental (Male-SIT and Female-SIT group) and control groups (Male-CON and Female-CON) within each gender. During a total of eight weeks, SIT group performed three times of SIT training per week, including two power bike trainings and one multi-ball training, while the CON group undertook two Fartlek runs and one regular multi-ball training. The distance of YO-YO IR2 test (which evaluates player’s ability to recover between high intensity intermittent exercises) for Male-SIT and Female-SIT groups increased from 1083.0 ± 205.8 m to 1217.5 ± 190.5 m, and from 725 ± 132.9 m to 840 ± 126.5 m (p < 0.05), respectively, which were significantly higher than both CON groups (p < 0.05). For the Male-SIT group, the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and ventilatory anaerobic threshold in percentage of VO2max significantly increased from 3088.4 ± 450.9 mL/min to 3665.3 ± 263.5 mL/min (p < 0.05),and from 74 ± 10% to 85 ± 3% (p < 0.05) after the intervention, and the increases were significantly higher than the Male-CON group (p < 0.05); for the Female-SIT group, the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and ventilatory anaerobic threshold in percentage of VO2max were significantly elevated from 1940.1 ± 112.8 mL/min to 2176.9 ± 78.6 mL/min, and from 75 ± 4% to 82 ± 4% (p < 0.05) after the intervention, which also were significantly higher than those of the Female-CON group (p < 0.05). Finally, the lactate clearance rate was raised from 13 ± 3% to 21 ± 4% (p < 0.05) and from 21 ± 5% to 27 ± 4% for both Male-SIT and Female-SIT groups when compared to the pre-test, and this increase was significantly higher than the control groups (p < 0.05). As a training method, SIT could substantially improve maximum aerobic capacity and aerobic recovery ability by improving the oxygen uptake and delivery, thus enhancing their rapid repeated sprinting ability.

scholarly journals Effect of tapering after a period of high-volume sprint interval training on running performance and muscular adaptations in moderately trained runners

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Skovgaard ◽  
Nicki Winfield Almquist ◽  
Thue Kvorning ◽  
Peter Møller Christensen ◽  
Jens Bangsbo
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trained Runners

The effect of tapering following a period of high-volume sprint interval training (SIT) and a basic volume of aerobic training on performance and muscle adaptations in moderately trained runners was examined. Eleven (8 men, 3 women) runners [maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2max): 56.8 ± 2.9 ml·min−1·kg−1; mean ± SD] conducted high-volume SIT (HV; 20 SIT sessions; 8–12 × 30 s all-out) for 40 days followed by 18 days of tapering (TAP; 4 SIT sessions; 4 × 30 s all-out). Before and after HV as well as midway through and at the end of TAP, the subjects completed a 10-km running test and a repeated running test at 90% of vV̇o2max to exhaustion (RRT). In addition, a biopsy from the vastus lateralis muscle was obtained at rest. Performance during RRT was better ( P < 0.01) at the end of TAP than before HV (6.8 ± 0.5 vs. 5.6 ± 0.5 min; means ± SE), and 10-km performance was 2.7% better ( P < 0.05) midway through (40.7 ± 0.7 min) and at the end of (40.7 ± 0.6 min) TAP than after HV (41.8 ± 0.9 min). The expression of muscle Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA)α1, NKAβ1, phospholemman (FXYD1), and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA1) increased ( P < 0.05) during HV and remained higher during TAP. In addition, oxygen uptake at 60% of vV̇o2max was lower ( P < 0.05) at the end of TAP than before and after HV. Thus short-duration exercise capacity and running economy were better than before the HV period together with higher expression of muscle proteins related to Na+/K+ transport and Ca2+ reuptake, while 10-km performance was not significantly improved by the combination of HV and tapering. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Short-duration performance became better after 18 days of tapering from ~6 wk of high-volume sprint interval training (SIT), whereas 10-km performance was not significantly affected by the combination of high-volume SIT and tapering. Higher expression of muscle NKAα1, NKAβ1, FXYD1, and SERCA1 may reflect faster Na+/K+ transport and Ca2+ reuptake that could explain the better short-duration performance. These results suggest that the type of competition should determine the duration of tapering to optimize performance.

scholarly journals Incidence of nonresponse and individual patterns of response following sprint interval training

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon J. Gurd ◽  
Matthew D. Giles ◽  
Jacob T. Bonafiglia ◽  
James P. Raleigh ◽  
John C. Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Training Dose ◽  
Significant Incidence ◽  
The Individual

The current study sought to explore the incidence of nonresponders for maximal or submaximal performance following a variety of sprint interval training (SIT) protocols. Data from 63 young adults from 5 previously published studies were utilized in the current analysis. Nonresponders were identified using 2 times the typical error (TE) of measurement for peak oxygen uptake (2 × TE = 1.74 mL/(kg·min)), lactate threshold (2 × TE = 15.7 W), or 500 kcal time-to-completion (TTC; 2 × TE = 306 s) trial. TE was determined on separate groups of participants by calculating the test–retest variance for each outcome. The overall rate of nonresponders for peak oxygen uptake across all participants studied was 22% (14/63) with 4 adverse responders observed. No nonresponders for peak oxygen uptake were observed in studies where participants trained 4 times per week (n = 18), while higher rates were observed in most studies requiring training 3 times per week (30%–50%; n = 45). A nonresponse rate of 44% (8/18) and 50% (11/22) was observed for the TTC test and lactate threshold, respectively. No significant correlations were observed between the changes in peak oxygen uptake and TTC (r = 0.014; p = 0.96) or lactate threshold (r = 0.17; p = 0.44). The current analysis demonstrates a significant incidence of nonresponders for peak oxygen uptake and heterogeneity in the individual patterns of response following SIT. Additionally, these data support the importance of training dose and suggest that the incidence of nonresponse may be mitigated by utilizing the optimal dose of SIT.

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