Use of cross-sectoral data linkage to predict high-rate offenders in Western Australia

IntroductionStudies have repeatedly found that a small number of offenders account for a disproportionate amount of crime. High-rate, persistent offenders (so-called ‘prolific’ offenders) have a major impact on local crime rates and public perceptions of safety, and place a substantial financial and social burden on communities. Objectives and ApproachUsing population-level administrative data, our study identifies ‘prolific’ offenders in WA and describes their demographic and crime profiles. The official criminal records of all offenders born in WA between 1980 and 1995 were linked to administrative records from health, education and child protection databases (followed to 2005). Linked data on families (parents and siblings) were also included. Using this information, the study identified factors that distinguish between prolific and non-prolific offenders. The study also examined whether correlates of prolific offending were similar between a) male and female offenders, and b) Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders. ResultsClusters of offenders exhibiting a high-rate and persistent pattern of offending over the life-course were identified. These ‘prolific’ offenders accounted for a disproportionate amount of crime and criminal justice contacts: 8\% of female offenders accounted for 41% of female contacts; 3\% of male offenders made up 21% of male contacts; 9\% of Indigenous offenders made up 37% of Indigenous contacts; 7\% of non-Indigenous offenders made up 36% of non-Indigenous contacts. Being the subject of a maltreatment allegation, being placed in out-of-home care, and having a serious mental health condition before the age of 18 increased the odds of being a prolific offender. Two criminogenic factors - early onset of offending (contact before age 12) and early violence - emerged as the most significant predictors. Conclusion/ImplicationsChild protection and mental health services have much of the information needed to target early prevention, while criminal justice agencies are well-placed to apply crime reduction strategies through the targeting of early-onset/early-violent offenders. A combined approach is likely to have the greatest effect on reducing impact of prolific offending.

Download Full-text

Our Biggest Hurdle Yet: Caregivers' Encounters with Structural Stigma in Child and Youth Mental Health

Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services ◽

10.1606/1044-3894.2017.98.35 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 300-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Liegghio

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

Focus Group ◽

Health Services ◽

Child Protection ◽

Youth Mental Health ◽

Service Systems ◽

Service Delivery System ◽

Health Practice ◽

Mental Health Practice

The aim of this article explores structural stigma in child and youth mental health. The focus is on the experiences of caregivers with children between 12 and 22 years old in their encounters with the systems involved with their families for their children's mental health. The outcomes are presented of a study based on analysis of 10 transcripts—two focus group and eight interview transcripts—with 15 caregivers with children involved with mental health services. Two main themes emerged: (a) structural stigma as denigrating encounters within and across service systems (i.e., child and youth mental health, education, child protection, and criminal justice) and (b) fragmentation of the service delivery system as a significant factor exacerbating stigmatizing encounters. The implications for mental health practice with families are considered.

Download Full-text

Are the needs of people with mental health problems met?

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v3i2.481 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Foteini Tseliou ◽

Michael Rosato ◽

Dermot O'Reilly

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Northern Ireland ◽

Mental Health Treatment ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Population Level ◽

Health Condition ◽

Health Needs ◽

Mental Health Needs ◽

The Impact

BackgroundHigh levels of mental ill-health have resulted in increasing delays in the receipt of appropriate care. However, the size of the gap between mental health needs and the likelihood of receiving treatment has not been thoroughly investigated on a population-level within Northern Ireland. ObjectivesTo that end we investigated the link between self-reported mental ill-health and likelihood of being in receipt of treatment in a population cohort. MethodsThe 2011 Northern Ireland Census was linked to a population-wide prescribing database. The presence of a chronic mental health condition, as assessed through the Census self-reported mental health question, was compared to regular psychotropic medication use in the six and twelve months following the Census. Of the 23,803 individuals (aged 25 to 74) who reported chronic mental ill-health at the Census, 22% were not in receipt of medication over the following six months, with this being reduced down to 18.5% by the twelve month mark. FindingsAfter adjusting logistic regression models for socio-demographic factors, men (OR=0.56: 95%CI=0.52-0.60), those of non-white ethnicity (OR=0.38: 95%CI=0.26-0.54), never married (OR=0.67: 95%CI=0.61-0.82), unemployed (OR=0.65: 95%CI=0.53-0.81) and living in a rural area (OR=0.88: 95%CI=0.79-0.98) were less likely to receive regular medication, indicating mental health unmet need. ConclusionsA level of discord was observed between mental-ill health and medication receipt on a population level. Further focus on mental health needs and the impact of low prescribing rates on mental health patients could help ameliorate the current inequalities and reduce potential gaps in mental health treatment.

Download Full-text

The Criminal Mental Patient

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854887014003002 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 268-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

ARTHUR J. LURIGIO ◽

DAN A. LEWIS

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

Mental Patient ◽

Reference Period ◽

Mental Health Systems ◽

Criminal Records ◽

Psychiatric Admissions ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Self Reports

The present study extends prior research on the criminality of mental patients by providing an in-depth analysis of their movements through the criminal justice and mental health systems. The arrests and admissions of a random sample of patients were recorded during a six-month period, and the circumstances surrounding each of the episodes were examined. Criminal and psychiatric histories were also obtained along with patients' self-reports of violence and victimization experiences. Although relatively few of the patients were arrested during the reference period, a number of those who were arrested had serious criminal records. Patient arrestees were more likely than nonarrestees to be hospitalized in the follow-up period and to have more previous psychiatric admissions overall.

Download Full-text

Examining service participation and outcomes from a population-level telephone-coaching service supporting changes to healthy eating, physical activity and weight: a comparison of participants with and without a mental health condition

Preventive Medicine Reports ◽

10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101609 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101609

Author(s):

Tegan Bradley ◽

Kate Bartlem ◽

Kim Colyvas ◽

Paula Wye ◽

Elizabeth Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Population Level ◽

Health Condition ◽

Mental Health Condition ◽

Telephone Coaching

Download Full-text

Introduction

Decision Making in Child and Family Social Work ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447354444.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Clive Diaz

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Child Protection ◽

Ethical Considerations ◽

England And Wales ◽

Protection Systems ◽

Outcomes For Children ◽

Children In Care

This chapter sets the context for the book, examining the increase in numbers of children in care and subject to a child protection plan in England and Wales, outcomes for children in care and an overview of the child protection system in England. This chapter reviews the literature available on this subject as I explore the background of the care and child protection systems in England and Wales. It will further examine how the outcomes for children in care can be related to education, employment, mental health, early parenthood, and the criminal justice system. Chapter 1 will also discuss the methodology used during this research, as well as ethical considerations and the familiarity problem that needed to be considered when carrying out this research.

Download Full-text

Evidence-Based Prevention Strategies of Suicide Behavior in the World: Implications for Slovenia

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.23.3.121 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 121-126

Author(s):

Claire Henderson ◽

Paola Dazzan ◽

Mojca Dernovsek ◽

Rok Tavcar ◽

Marija Brecelj

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

High Risk ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Community Mental Health Services ◽

Population Level ◽

Risk Groups ◽

High Rate ◽

The Baltic ◽

The Impact

Abstract: In this review we consider how Slovenia could consider tackling its high rate of suicide (overall 29 per 100,000, 46 in males, 13 in females). First, we consider the evidence for risk factors that may contribute to Slovenia's high rate of suicide. Second, we describe the interventions to try to reduce the impact of these factors and the evidence for such interventions. We categorize interventions in terms of their operation at either the population level or that of high-risk groups. However, it should be borne in mind that settings often assumed to provide access to population groups, such as general practice and schools, do not reach some people who are likely to be at high risk; for example those who have dropped out of school or who have been excluded from a GP's list. We focus particularly on those for high-risk groups, as a number of East-European countries with high suicide rates such as Slovenia, Hungary, and the Baltic republics are currently considering a shift toward more community-based mental health services. The provision of community mental health services in Slovenia would provide an opportunity to study their impact on the suicide rate. However, we conclude that their development should be accompanied by other initiatives operating at population levels. This multilevel approach acknowledges the complexity of the etiology of suicide, the impossibility of reaching all those at risk through services and the lack of strong evidence for any one intervention.

Download Full-text

Tingkat Kecemasan Perawat ICU Dimasa Pandemi COVID-19 : Literature Review

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kesehatan ◽

10.48144/prosiding.v1i.685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 358-367

Author(s):

Sisca Amelia ◽

Benny Arief Sulistyanto

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Critical Care ◽

Literature Review ◽

Health Risks ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Health Condition ◽

High Rate ◽

Mental Health Condition ◽

Care Nurse ◽

Critical Care Nurse

AbstractAt the beginning of 2020, the whole world was shocked by the emergence of a new irus, namely the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The high rate of transmission of COVID-19 has resulted in a psychological impact on ICU nurses, one of which is anxiety. They are faced with mental health risks such as fear or anxiety if they carry a virus that endangers family or friends and are afraid of being infected. To identify the anxiety of ICU nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is a literature review. The process was by searching articles in two databases; PubMed and ScienceDirect. The searching used Critical Care Nurse, COVID-19 pandemic and anxiety as the keywords. There were 5 articles in inclusive and exclusive criteria and meet the critical review with the JBI (The Joanna Briggs Institute) instrument. The results stated from the total samples 1.353, there was 45,8 % of ICU nurse ere in anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic has an impact on nurses’ mental health, especially for ICU nurses. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is very important to pay attention to the mental health condition of nurses, especially ICU nurses. It suggested for them to see a psychiatrist or psychologist to recognizze their mental conditons so as to reduce anxiety levels.Keywords : Anxiety; COVID-19 Pandemic; ICU Nurse AbstrakPada awal tahun 2020, diseluruh dunia digemparkan dengan munculnya virus baru yaitu coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Tingginya tingkat penularan COVID-19 ini mengakibatkan dampak psikologis pada perawat ICU salah satunya adalah kecemasan. Perawat yang bekerja di ICU di saat pandemi ini dihadapkan dengan resiko kesehatan mental mereka seperti takut atau cemas membawa virus dan membahayakan keluarga atau teman sejawat serta takut terinfeksi. Untuk mengidentifikasi kecemasan perawat ICU dimasa pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan mencari artikel dari dua data base yaitu PubMed dan ScienceDirect. Pencarian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kata kunci “Critical Care Nurse” AND “COVID-19 Pandemic” AND “anxiety”. Terdapat lima artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi penelitian, serta memenuhi telaah kritis dengan instrumen JBI (The Joanna Briggs Institute). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari beberapa perawat dengan total sampel 1.353 terdapat 45,8% perawat ICU mengalami kecemasan selama pandemi COVID-19. Pandemi COVID – 19 ini memberikan dampak kesehatan mental perawat khususnya pada perawat ICU. Dimasa pandemi COVID-19 seperti saat ini, pentingnya memperhatikan kondisi kesehatan mental perawat khususnya perawat ICU. Seperti bertemu dengan psikater/ psikolog untuk mengenali kondisi mental perawat khususnya dengan gejala kecemasan dapat mengurangi tingkat kecemasan yang terjadi.Kata kunci : Kecemasan; Pandemi COVID-19; Perawat ICU

Download Full-text