Escaping by Accident

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
American Empire ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Domestic Influence ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Franklin Roosevelt

This chapter demonstrates how the Great Depression allowed Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt to pull back from Theodore Roosevelt's imperial commitment. The Depression facilitated the end of the first American empire by breaking up the coalition between creditors and direct investors. Under Depression conditions, however, governments faced a painful bind: they could maintain payments on their foreign debt at the cost of austerity measures that undermined political stability; or they could impose tax hikes that directly influenced the profitability of foreign direct investments; or they could default. In the battle between bondholders and direct investors, the direct investors won: the Depression had devastated the domestic influence of the financiers.

Rhetoric as Currency: Hoover, Roosevelt, and the Great Depression. By Davis W. Houck. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2001. Pp. 226. $39.95.

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1156
Author(s):  
George D. Green
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Legislative Action ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Presidential Speech ◽  
Economic Rhetoric ◽  
College Station ◽  
Franklin Roosevelt

In this study of the economic rhetoric of Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt, 1929–1933, Davis Houck tries boldly to link the fields of rhetoric, history, and economics. He claims to “have established the crucial relationship between rhetoric and economics. Specifically, economic recovery is premised, in part, on collective confidence, which, in turn, is influenced by both presidential speech and cooperative legislative action” (p. 199).

The Earnings Gap Between Agricultural and Manufacturing Laborers, 1925–1941

1991 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee J. Alston ◽  
T. J. Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
The Cost

We estimate the monthly and hourly earnings ratio between agricultural and manufacturing laborers, adjusting for compensation received in-kind and differences in the cost of living. Our results indicate that prior to the Great Depression, agricultural compensation was similar to that in manufacturing within geographic regions, and a substantial earnings gap in favor of manufacturing emerged in the early thirties.

The Great Depression and World War II

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Morris
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
World War ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Social Security Act ◽  
Employment Programs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Franklin Roosevelt

Although many American communities had erected an impressive array of charitable institutions by the 1920s, they crumbled under the unemployment and poverty generated by the Great Depression. President Franklin Roosevelt, elected in 1932, set aside the concerns of his predecessor, Herbert Hoover, about the dangers of federally provided relief, and presided over the creation of emergency public relief and employment programs as part of the New Deal. With the passage of the Social Security Act in 1935, Roosevelt and his Congressional allies established a permanent basis for a federal role in social welfare provision. The benefits of these programs were substantial, but they were sharply influenced by the race and gender of their recipients. Hopes for more robust federal programs were dispelled by the economic recovery associated with World War Two. Instead, the war saw the expansion of private, workplace-based benefits destined to be major elements of postwar social provision.

6. The institutional Revolution

2016 ◽  
pp. 75-103
Author(s):  
Alan Knight
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Military ◽  
Mexican Politics ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Revolution

‘The institutional Revolution: The Sonoran dynasty’ concentrates on the evolution of the Revolution—the Revolution in power—during the 1920s under the leadership of Obregón and then his fellow-Sonoran Calles. After a decade of armed revolution, political stability was painfully achieved, but there were still serious military revolts, a bitter war between Church and State, and then the Great Depression of the early 1930s, which had a powerful impact on the course of the then institutionalized Revolution. The Sonoran dynasty faced serious challenges, as well as potential opportunities, in six areas of Mexican politics: the military; the peasantry; organized labour; the middle class; the Church; and the United States.

The Struggle to Fashion the NRA Code: The Triumph of Studio Power in 1933 Hollywood

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARVEY G. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Film Studios ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Code Process ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Franklin Roosevelt ◽  
American Economy

This article traces the long and antagonistic fashioning of the National Recovery Adminstration's code of practice for the film industry during 1933. The NRA code process publicly exposed resentful fissions within Hollywood, and the oligarchic, if not monopolistic, way in which the major film studios had set up their vertically integrated consolidation of the motion-picture industry in terms of production, distribution and exhibition on a national scale. A media spotlight flooded onto their soundstages and executive suites, and many, including President Franklin Roosevelt, were not pleased with what they saw. The NRA, signed into law in 1933 by Roosevelt, implemented an unprecedented reorganization of the American economy to restore employment to combat the Great Depression. Perhaps most controversially, especially for the union-averse film industry, the NRA established collective bargaining. Though they supported it initially, the major studios would not long abide by the NRA. Throughout 1933, they violated the spirit and letter of the code, ensuring as much as possible that the economic pain and sacrifice of the Great Depression in Hollywood was visited upon artists and technicians, not studio heads and executives. They used the making of the code to attempt to cement and further the advantages they enjoyed while offering little to other interests in the film industry.

Remaking the Heartland

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wuthnow
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Objective Observer ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Middle West

For many Americans, the Middle West is a vast unknown. This book sets out to rectify this. It shows how the region has undergone extraordinary social transformations over the past half-century and proven itself surprisingly resilient in the face of such hardships as the Great Depression and the movement of residents to other parts of the country. It examines the heartland's reinvention throughout the decades and traces the social and economic factors that have helped it to survive and prosper. The book points to the critical strength of the region's social institutions established between 1870 and 1950—the market towns, farmsteads, one-room schoolhouses, townships, rural cooperatives, and manufacturing centers that have adapted with the changing times. It focuses on farmers' struggles to recover from the Great Depression well into the 1950s, the cultural redefinition and modernization of the region's image that occurred during the 1950s and 1960s, the growth of secondary and higher education, the decline of small towns, the redeployment of agribusiness, and the rapid expansion of edge cities. Drawing arguments from extensive interviews and evidence from the towns and counties of the Midwest, the book provides a unique perspective as both an objective observer and someone who grew up there. It offers an accessible look at the humble yet strong foundations that have allowed the region to endure undiminished.

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