scholarly journals Dampak Perubahan Curah Hujan Terhadap Tingkat Kerentanan Erosi Tanah Di Sub DAS Merawu, Jawa Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Donnie Koes Nugraha ◽  
Bayu Dwi Apri Nugroho ◽  
Chandra Setyawan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Rainfall Prediction ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Erosion Prediction ◽  
Vulnerability Prediction ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

This research was held to estimate rainfall and change in soil erosion vulnerability from 2020 to 2050 in Merawu Sub-Watershed, Banjanegara District with RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5. The RCP is an overview of the concentration trends for greenhouse gases, aerosols and land use change created by the climate modeling community. Rainfall prediction was generated from SDSM Software and combined with USLE to predict soil erosion in ArcGIS 10.4. Changes in rainfall intensity are an important factor in changes of soil erosion rates because the kinetic energy of falling rainwater can cause soil erosion.The results showed rainfall in Banjarnegara Station at 2020-2050 with RCP 2.6,4.5 and 8.5 were increasing by +0,26%; +0,60%; +0,52%, while in Kalisapi Station were decreasing by -1,54%; -1,65% dan -2,20%. The change of soil erosion vulnerability prediction showed that soil erosion in Sub-DAS Merawu at 2020-2050 with RCP 2.6,4.5 and 8.5 in very light category were -0,02%;-0,02%;-0,03%, light category were -0,17%;-0,17%;-0,17%, moderate category -0,05%;-0,05%;-0,04%, heavy category -0,26%;-0,35%;-0,37%, and very heavy category were +1,46%;+1,88%;+1,95%. While the average soil erosion prediction at RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 were +0,86, +1,19% and +1,03%, respectively.  Keywords: soil erosion prediction, rainfall prediction, SDSM Software, Sub-DAS Merawu

Influence of climate and land use changes on recent trends of soil erosion rates within the Russian Plain

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 2658-2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Golosov ◽  
Oleg Yermolaev ◽  
Leonid Litvin ◽  
Nelli Chizhikova ◽  
Zoya Kiryukhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Recent Trends

Evaluation of changes in soil erosion rates in Andalucia between 1990 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Milazzo ◽  
Tom Vanwalleghem ◽  
Pilar Fernández, Rebollo ◽  
Jesus Fernández-Habas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
Soil Erosion By Water

<p>Land use and land management changes impact significantly on soil erosion rates. The Mediterranean, and in particular Southern Spain, has been affected by important shifts in the last decades. This area is currently identified as a hotspot for soil erosion by water. In the effort to achieve the SDG Target 15, we aim to show the effect of land management change, assessing soil erosion rate based on historical data. We analyzed the evolution of land use from historical aerial photographs between 1990 and 2018. We then calculated soil erosion with RUSLE. For this, we first determined the distribution frequency of cover-management factors for each land use class, comparing current land use maps with the European Soil Erosion Map (Panagos et al., 2015). Past C factors where then assigned using a Monte Carlo approach, based on the obtained frequency distributions. </p>

LAND USE: U.S. Soil Erosion Rates--Myth and Reality

Science ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 289 (5477) ◽  
pp. 248-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of anthropogenic land use on the Pănăzii Lake (Romania) catchment area using Cs-137 and Pb-210 radionuclides

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251603
Author(s):  
Robert-Csaba Begy ◽  
Codrin F. Savin ◽  
Szabolcs Kelemen ◽  
Daniel Veres ◽  
Octavian-Liviu Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Lake Catchment

The problem of soil degradation has accentuated over recent decades. Aspects related to soil erosion and its relation to changes in land use as well as anthropogenic influence constitute a topic of great interest. The current study is focused on a soil erosion assessment in relation to land use activities in the Pănăzii Lake catchment area. Fallout radionuclides were used to provide information on soil erosion as well as redistribution rates and patterns. Variations in the sedimentation rate of the lake were also investigated as these reflect periods in which massive erosion events occurred in the lake catchment area. The novelty of this study is the construction of a timescale with regard to the soil erosion events to better understand the relationship between soil erosion and land use activities. In this study, 10 soil profiles and one sediment core from the lake were taken. Soil parameters were determined for each sample. The activities of 210Pb, 137Cs and 226Ra were measured by gamma spectroscopy. For low 210Pb activities, measurements via 210Po using an alpha spectrometer were performed. Soil erosion rates were determined by the 137Cs method and the sedimentation rate calculated by the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model. A soil erosion rate of 13.5 t·ha-1·yr-1 was obtained. Three distinct periods could be observed in the evolution of the sedimentation rate. For the first period, between 1880 and 1958, the average deposition rate was 9.2 tons/year, followed by a high deposition period (1960–1991) of 29.6 tons/year and a third period, consisting of the last 30 years, during which the sedimentation rate was 15.7 tons/year. These sedimentation rates fluctuated depending on the main land use activity, which can also be seen in the soil erosion rates that had almost doubled by the time agricultural activities were performed in the area.

scholarly journals Soil aggregation, erodibility, and erosion rates in mountain soils (NW Alps, Italy)

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stanchi ◽  
G. Falsone ◽  
E. Bonifacio
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

Abstract. Erosion is a relevant soil degradation factor in mountain agrosilvopastoral ecosystems that can be enhanced by the abandonment of agricultural land and pastures left to natural evolution. The on-site and off-site consequences of soil erosion at the catchment and landscape scale are particularly relevant and may affect settlements at the interface with mountain ecosystems. RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) estimates of soil erosion consider, among others, the soil erodibility factor (K), which depends on properties involved in structure and aggregation. A relationship between soil erodibility and aggregation should therefore be expected. However, erosion may limit the development of soil structure; hence aggregates should not only be related to erodibility but also partially mirror soil erosion rates. The aim of the research was to evaluate the agreement between aggregate stability and erosion-related variables and to discuss the possible reasons for discrepancies in the two kinds of land use considered (forest and pasture). Topsoil horizons were sampled in a mountain catchment under two vegetation covers (pasture vs. forest) and analyzed for total organic carbon, total extractable carbon, pH, and texture. Soil erodibility was computed, RUSLE erosion rate was estimated, and aggregate stability was determined by wet sieving. Aggregation and RUSLE-related parameters for the two vegetation covers were investigated through statistical tests such as ANOVA, correlation, and regression. Soil erodibility was in agreement with the aggregate stability parameters; i.e., the most erodible soils in terms of K values also displayed weaker aggregation. Despite this general observation, when estimating K from aggregate losses the ANOVA conducted on the regression residuals showed land-use-dependent trends (negative average residuals for forest soils, positive for pastures). Therefore, soil aggregation seemed to mirror the actual topsoil conditions better than soil erodibility. Several hypotheses for this behavior were discussed. A relevant effect of the physical protection of the organic matter by the aggregates that cannot be considered in $K$ computation was finally hypothesized in the case of pastures, while in forests soil erodibility seemed to keep trace of past erosion and depletion of finer particles. A good relationship between RUSLE soil erosion rates and aggregate stability occurred in pastures, while no relationship was visible in forests. Therefore, soil aggregation seemed to capture aspects of actual vulnerability that are not visible through the erodibility estimate. Considering the relevance and extension of agrosilvopastoral ecosystems partly left to natural colonization, further studies on litter and humus protective action might improve the understanding of the relationship among erosion, erodibility, and structure.

scholarly journals Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during AD 1850–2005

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 4459-4480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Naipal ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Yilong Wang ◽  
Ronny Lauerwald ◽  
Bertrand Guenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

Abstract. Erosion is an Earth system process that transports carbon laterally across the land surface and is currently accelerated by anthropogenic activities. Anthropogenic land cover change has accelerated soil erosion rates by rainfall and runoff substantially, mobilizing vast quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC) globally. At timescales of decennia to millennia this mobilized SOC can significantly alter previously estimated carbon emissions from land use change (LUC). However, a full understanding of the impact of erosion on land–atmosphere carbon exchange is still missing. The aim of this study is to better constrain the terrestrial carbon fluxes by developing methods compatible with land surface models (LSMs) in order to explicitly represent the links between soil erosion by rainfall and runoff and carbon dynamics. For this we use an emulator that represents the carbon cycle of a LSM, in combination with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. We applied this modeling framework at the global scale to evaluate the effects of potential soil erosion (soil removal only) in the presence of other perturbations of the carbon cycle: elevated atmospheric CO2, climate variability, and LUC. We find that over the period AD 1850–2005 acceleration of soil erosion leads to a total potential SOC removal flux of 74±18 Pg C, of which 79 %–85 % occurs on agricultural land and grassland. Using our best estimates for soil erosion we find that including soil erosion in the SOC-dynamics scheme results in an increase of 62 % of the cumulative loss of SOC over 1850–2005 due to the combined effects of climate variability, increasing atmospheric CO2 and LUC. This additional erosional loss decreases the cumulative global carbon sink on land by 2 Pg of carbon for this specific period, with the largest effects found for the tropics, where deforestation and agricultural expansion increased soil erosion rates significantly. We conclude that the potential effect of soil erosion on the global SOC stock is comparable to the effects of climate or LUC. It is thus necessary to include soil erosion in assessments of LUC and evaluations of the terrestrial carbon cycle.

The effect of land use on runoff and soil erosion rates under Mediterranean conditions

CATENA ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kosmas ◽  
N. Danalatos ◽  
L.H. Cammeraat ◽  
M. Chabart ◽  
J. Diamantopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

Global-scale quantification of organic and inorganic carbon mobilisation via wind- and water-driven erosion 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Turnbull-Lloyd ◽  
John Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

<p>Soil carbon content is greatly affected by soil degradation – in particular erosional processes – which cannot be ignored in the context of the global C cycle. Soil degradation, driven largely by wind and water erosion, affects up to 66% of Earth’s terrestrial surface. Understanding how soil degradation affects soil organic carbon (OC) and soil inorganic carbon (IC) stocks is an essential component of understanding global C cycling and global C budgets, and is essential for improved C management and climate-change mitigation policies.</p><p>In this study, we quantify the distribution of soil OC and soil IC (using Harmonized World Soil Database v1.2), and estimate the amount of OC and IC that is mobilised by wind- and water-driven erosion.  For water-driven erosion, we estimate spatially variable water-driven erosion rates for different land-use systems (using the Land Use Systems of the World database) and degradation severities (using the GLASOD map of soil degradation), using values obtained from a meta-analysis of soil erosion rates. We account for potential uncertainty in our estimates of soil erosion rates by undertaking stochastic simulations. For wind-driven soil erosion rates we use modelled dust emission rates from AeroCom Phase III model experiments for the 2010 reference year, for 15 participating models. Global surface soil stocks of carbon (in the top 1-m of soil) are 1218 Pg OC and 452 Pg IC, and of this, 651 Pg OC and 306 Pg IC is located in degrading soils. We estimate that global water-driven soil erosion is 217.54 Pg yr<sup>-1</sup> which results in the mobilisation of 4.82 Pg OC yr<sup>-1</sup>. A minimum estimate of soil IC mobilisation by water erosion is 0.45 Pg IC yr<sup>-1</sup>. AeroCom model ensemble results indicate that 1.58 Pg dust (ensemble mean) is emitted for the 2010 AeroCom reference year, containing 0.0082 Pg OC and 0.0121 Pg IC.  We found that patterns of wind- and water-driven mobilisation of OC and IC are completely different. The total amount of soil OC and soil IC mobilised by water-driven erosion is much greater than wind-driven erosion, and whereas mobilisation of OC dominates carbon mobilisation via water-driven erosion, IC dominates carbon mobilisation in dust emissions. Across all land-use types, water-driven carbon mobilisation is higher than wind. In particular, water-driven SOC mobilisation is highest in cropland (4.30 Pg OC yr<sup>-1</sup>) where high erosion rates coincide with average SOC content of 68.4 tonnes ha<sup>-1</sup>. SIC mobilisation follows the same pattern in relation to land use, with highest water-driven mobilisation in cropland (0.33 Pg IC yr<sup>-1</sup>).  Future land-use change has great potential to affect global soil carbon stocks further, especially with increases in the severity of soil degradation and consequential mobilisation of OC and IC by wind-and water-driven erosion as human pressures on agricultural systems increase.</p><p> </p>

Soil erosion leads to significant mobilisation of terrestrial organic and inorganic carbon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Turnbull ◽  
John Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

<p>Soil carbon content is greatly affected by soil degradation – in particular erosional processes – which cannot be ignored in the context of the global C cycle. Soil degradation, driven largely by wind and water erosion, affects up to 66% of Earth’s terrestrial surface. Understanding how soil degradation affects soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks is an essential component of understanding global C cycling and global C budgets, and is essential for improved C management and climate-change mitigation policies.</p><p>In this study, we quantify the distribution of SOC and SIC, and estimate their combined effects on carbon mobilisation via water and wind-driven erosion. We estimate spatially variable water-driven erosion rates for different land-use systems and degradation severities using values obtained from a meta-analysis of soil erosion rates, and undertake stochastic simulations to account for possible uncertainty in our estimates. For wind-driven soil erosion rates we use modelled dust emission rates from AeroCom Phase III model experiments for the 2010 control year, for 14 different models. We use the Harmonized World Soil Database v1.2 to calculate SOC and SIC stocks, the GLASOD map of soil degradation to estimate soil degradation severities and the Land Use Systems of the World database to estimate water-driven erosion rates associated with different land-use systems.  </p><p>We find that 651 Pg SOC and 306 Pg SIC (in the top 1-m of soil) is located in degrading soils. We estimate global water-driven soil erosion to be 216.4 Pg yr<sup>-1</sup>, which results in the mobilisation of ~2.9536 Pg OC yr<sup>-1</sup>. Accounting for the enrichment of organic carbon in eroded sediment increases these estimates up to 12.2 Pg SOC yr<sup>-1</sup>. A minimum estimate of SIC mobilisation by water erosion is ~0.5592 Pg IC yr<sup>-1</sup>. Dust emission model ensemble results indicate that ~19.8 Pg soil is eroded for the 2010 AeroCom reference year, with ~11.1 Pg deposited via dry deposition and ~7.2  Pg deposited via wet deposition. The total amount of SOC and SIC mobilised by water-driven erosion is greater than wind-driven erosion, and the spatial patterns of SIC and SOC mobilisation by wind and water vary considerably. Across all land-use types, water-driven carbon mobilisation is higher than wind. Water-driven SOC mobilisation is highest in cropland (~ 2.6602 Pg OC yr<sup>-1</sup>) where high erosion rates coincide with average SOC content of 68.4 tonnes ha<sup>-1</sup>. SIC mobilisation follows the same pattern in relation to land use, with highest water-driven mobilisation in cropland (~0.4660 Pg IC yr<sup>-1</sup>) and highest wind-driven mobilisation in bare areas (0.05 Pg IC yr<sup>-1</sup>). Overall, wind-driven erosion mobilises more IC than OC.</p><p>Future land-use change has great potential to affect global soil carbon stocks further, especially with increases in the severity of soil degradation as human pressures on agricultural systems increase.</p>

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