scholarly journals From pest to pet. Liminality, domestication and animal agency in the killing of rats and cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-25
Author(s):  
Nora Schuurman ◽  
Karin Dirke
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Written Narratives ◽  
The North ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Animal Agency

The ways in which the end of life of an animal is understood and undertaken depend on the category of the animal and its position in relation to humans. In this paper, we explore how transformations in human–animal relationality, including practices and cultural conceptions about animals become apparent in the norms and practices regarding the killing of animals. We focus here on rats and cats, species whose position in society has always been liminal, especially between the category of pet and that of pest but also between wild and domesticated. Rats and cats have co-existed with each other and with humans since a very long time and the three species have co-evolved in a constant dance of mutual interests and conflicts. The shared history of this multispecies network reflects in many ways how humans have related to animals in different historical and spatial contexts and how these relations have transformed. By discussing the entanglement of rats, cats and humans in the close connection between caring and killing we wish to highlight the ways in which human–animal relations are manifested in the North of Europe during the 20th century. The specific context of the study is Sweden and Finland, countries that share similar history and cultural characteristics. In our analysis we draw from various data collected in both countries, including written narratives from an nationwide writing collection and historic documents such as the journals of animal welfare societies and documents concerning the extermination of rats.

The northern Black Sea and North Caucasus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valenina Mordvinceva ◽  
Sabine Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Shore ◽  
Greek Colonization

This chapter surveys the Iron Age in the region extending from the western Black Sea to the North Caucasus. As in many parts of Europe, this was the first period in which written sources named peoples, places, and historical events. The Black Sea saw Greek colonization from the seventh century BC and its northern shore later became the homeland of the important Bosporan kingdom. For a long time, researchers sought to identify tribes named by authors such as Herodotus by archaeological means, but this ethno-deterministic perspective has come under critique. Publication of important new data from across the region now permits us to draw a more coherent picture of successive cultures and of interactions between different parts of this vast area, shedding new light both on local histories and on the role ‘The East’ played in the history of Iron Age Europe.

scholarly journals The Siberian Polonia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century in the Polish historiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shaidurov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The period between the 19th – early 20th century witnessed waves of actively forming Polish communities in Russia’s rural areas. A major factor that contributed to the process was the repressive policy by the Russian Empire towards those involved in the Polish national liberation and revolutionary movement. Large communities were founded in Siberia, the Volga region, Caucasus, and European North of Russia (Arkhangelsk). One of the largest communities emerged in Siberia. By the early 20th century, the Polonia in the region consisted of tens of thousands of people. The Polish population was engaged in Siberia’s economic life and was an important stakeholder in business. Among the most well-known Polish-Siberian entrepreneurs was Alfons Poklewski-Koziell who was called the “Vodka King of Siberia” by his contemporaries. Poles, who returned from Siberian exile and penal labor, left recollections of their staying in Siberia or notes on the region starting already from the middle of the 19th century. It was this literature that was the main source of information about the life of the Siberian full for a long time. Exile undoubtedly became a significant factor that was responsible for Russia’s negative image in the historical memory of Poles. This was reflected in publications based on the martyrological approach in the Polish historiography. Glorification of the struggle of Poles to restore their statehood was a central standpoint adopted not only in memoirs, but also in scientific studies that appeared the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The martyrological approach dominated the Polish historiography until 1970s. It was not until the late 20th century that serious scientific research started utilizing the civilizational approach, which broke the mold of the Polish historical science. This is currently a leading approach. This enables us to objectively reconstruct the history of the Siberian Polonia in the imperial period of the Russian history. The article is intended to analyze publications by Polish authors on the history of the Polish community in Siberia the 19th – early 20th century. It focuses on memoirs and research works, which had an impact on the reconstruction of the Siberian Polonia’s history. The paper is written using the retrospective, genetic, and comparative methods.re.

Historical Analysis and Structural Monitoring Cases – Studies for an Integrated Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Laura Balboni ◽  
Paolo Corradini ◽  
Davide Del Curto ◽  
Luca Valisi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
The North ◽  
Single Structure ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The paper focuses on the structural analysis of monumental buildings, particularly upon the relationship between both instrumental measurements and the preliminary studies and the general comprehension of the construction history of each single building, including e.g. the historical evolution, materials, decay. A couple of case – study in the north of Italy are presented: the Trostburg Castle in South Tyrol and the S. Agata Church in Brescia. In these cases, cracks have been controlled by a long - time monitoring to investigate if structural damages could be influenced by the construction of underground galleries just near their foundations. The study focuses on the structural analysis of monumental buildings, particularly upon the relationship between both instrumental measurements and the preliminary studies and the general comprehension of the construction history of each single building, including e.g. the historical evolution, materials, decay. Collected data are discussed in comparison with the different approaches related to the knowledge of buildings, in order to evaluate limits and possibilities of proposed methods. Results underline how a deep investigation of an ancient and complex building, usually made up by a long time process of transformations and stratifications, allows to better understand the general structural behaviour. The strong comprehension of the constructive history of each single structure and a carefully discussed cracks board can provide a wider support to plan and make the diagnostic and structural investigation, e.g. this method helps in the choice of the type of tests and instrumentation to be employed and helps to localise where measurements should be taken, empowering the effectiveness of the results. Moreover, it allows to control and to understand results.

scholarly journals The path of logic in Ukraine

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
И.В. Хоменко
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
History Of Logic ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper traces the development of history of logic in Ukraine in the 19th century and early 20th century. The author particularly discusses and compares the logical concepts of representatives of Kyiv philosophies, who made their contribution to the development of logic as a science and academic discipline. Some of them had sunk into oblivion for a long time and their names are still unknown in the logic community.

scholarly journals Chapter 3. The place names of Franz Josef Land: framing the problem

2015 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Magnus Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The North ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Arctic

A brief introduction to the geographic place names of Franz Josef Land. Franz Josef Land is located in the western Arctic though for much of the 20th Century it was closed behind the Iron Curtain. Prior to that, there were a series of Western expeditions between the ‘official’ discovery in 1873 and the departure of the American Fiala group in 1905. From these expeditions, the islands are heavily connected to the history of the search for the North Pole.

scholarly journals Vladimir Strekopytov. The Rebel Commander

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-391
Author(s):  
N. N. Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
World War I ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
The North ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
North Western

The article explores of the life and work of one participant in the White movement, Vladimir Strekopytov. Born in Tula and a staff captain in World War I, in March 1919 Strekopytov led the anti-Bolshevik uprising of the Red Army in Gomel. For a long time, the events of the Gomel anti-Bolshevik uprising, known as the “Strekopytovsky rebellion”, remained a little-known and unexplored event of the Civil War. Despite the fact that, in the first years of Soviet power, a number of publications based on recollections of participants in those dramatic events had come out, many facts related to the uprising remained outside the scope of study. The scantiest information has been preserved about the leader of the insurgents: the name by which the uprising entered historiography, and the mention that he was a former officer. The real name of the leader of the Gomel uprising became known thanks to researchers from Estonia, who opened an investigation into participants of the Gomel uprising at the end of the last century. In the history of Russian Civil War, the Tula detachment that he led made an unprecedented defection from the Red Army to the White Army. He made his way from Gomel, through Ukraine, Poland, and the Baltic states and joined the North-Western Army under General Yudenitch. After the disbandment of the North-Western Army in February 1920, he headed the Tula workers’ artel in Estonia, in which he gathered former members of his detachment. Vladimir Strekopytov lived in exile in Estonia and was engaged in social activities. After the unification of Estonia with the USSR, he was arrested by the NKVD in 1940 and executed in April 1941.

scholarly journals THE SONGS OF THE SHENEHEN BURYATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Лариса Батоевна Бадмаева
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

В статье впервые рассматриваются тематика и особенности языка текстов песен шэнэхэнских бурят в авторском переводе на русский язык. Уникальность шэнэхэнских бурят, проживающих в течение 100 лет в Китае, в том, что им удалось сохранить свою аутентичную культуру: язык, традиционное монгольское письмо, национальный костюм, традиции, обычаи и народные песни. Долгое время тема о бурятской эмиграции находилась под запретом. В статье также освещены причины и история эмиграции агинских бурят в местность Шэнэхэн АРВМ КНР, с опорой на работу Бодонгут Абиды (1983), написанной на старомонгольской письменности. Природа миграции бурятской диаспоры в Баргу носила этнозащитный характер и связана с политическими событиями в России в начале XX в. Наличие жанра одических песен (магтаал) в песенной традиции бурят свидетельствует об их развитой системе письменной культуры, различении письменных и устных текстов, стилистической дифференциации языка текстов песен. Выявлено, что лексика гимнических песен (магтаалов) выдержана в высоком стиле с ориентацией на нормы старописьменного монгольского языка. Анализ полевых материалов свидетельствует о мастерстве стихосложения безымянных поэтов, строго соблюдающих начальную аллитерацию в строфах, использующих различные фигуры речи, весь арсенал грамматических форм для передачи оттенков семантики лексической единицы. Это позволяет утверждать, что песенные тексты бурят создавались и передавались не только в устной форме, но и в письменной еще задолго до революции 1917 г. Abstract. For the first time, the article discusses the subject matter, features of the language of the songs of the Shenehen Buryats in the author's translation into Russian. The uniqueness of the Shenehen Buryats, who have been living in China for about 100 years, is that they have preserved their authentic culture: language, traditional Old Mongolian script, national costume, traditions, customs and folk songs. For a long time, the topic about Buryat emigration was banned. The article also highlights the reasons and history of the emigration of the Aga Buryats to the Shenehen locality of the China, based on the work of Bodongut Abida (1983), written in Old Mongolian script. The migration of the Buryat diaspora to Bargu was ethnically protective in nature and was associated with political events in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The presence of the genre of odic songs (magtaal) in the song tradition testifies to their developed system of written culture, the distinction between written and oral texts, and the stylistic differentiation of the language of the lyrics. It has been revealed that the vocabulary of the Magtaals is sustained in a high style with an orientation towards the norms of the Old Mongolian language. An analysis of the field materials testifies to the mastery of versification of nameless poets, strictly observing the initial alliteration in strophes, using various figures of speech, the entire arsenal of grammatical forms to convey shades of semantics of the lexical unit. This allows us to argue that the lyrics are created and transmitted not only verbally, but also in writing long before the 1917 revolution.

What Was It Like to Be a Cow?

2014 ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Fudge
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Animal Welfare Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Agency

This chapter outlines where the history of animals is now, and suggests where it and the historiographical issues raised by the inclusion of animals in a study of the past might go in the future. The chapter traces shifts in the idea that animals recorded in textual documentation are always and only human representations, looks at the potential for animals to be historical agents and at the questions of animal agency and the possibility of recovering an animal’s point of view in historical work using the findings of animal welfare science. It also engages with the nature of the documents available to historians of animals, and uses some contemporary theoretical work—particularly that of Vinciane Despret—to think about new ways of engaging with the intraspecific and interspecific encounters of animals and humans in history.

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