Mechanical Sound Flux Amplifier for Diagnostics by the Auscultation Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
V.L. Murzinov ◽  
◽  
P.V. Murzinov ◽  
Yu.V. Murzinov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Outlet Cross Section ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Parabolic Reflectors

The article notes that occupational safety in industry largely depends on the working equipment reliability. Among the various methods of maintaining equipment operability, there is a diagnostic method that helps to identify hidden defects before they appear. Thanks to equipment diagnostics, it is possible to increase safety, avoid accidents, catastrophes, and minimize repair and operation costs. There are two types of diagnostic methods: contact and non-contact. The most efficient non-contact methods are acoustic methods that are not associated with the destruction of the equipment under study. The possibility of applying the methods of auscultation used in medicine for diagnosing the state of industrial equipment is shown. Various methods and devices of auscultation are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of currently existing auscultation devices are noted. The design of an auscultation device with a mechanical sound flux seal is presented. Mechanical sealing of the sound flux is based on the parabolic reflectors use. The efficiency of using parabolic reflective surfaces is shown. A relationship is obtained that relates the magnitude of the amplification of the sound flux with the dimensions of the auscultation device. The results of calculations of the increase in the sound level in the auscultation device show that even with a sufficiently small ratio of the diameter of the inlet for the sound flux to the diameter of the outlet cross section of the sound flux and the diameter of the reduced parabolic reflector, a noticeable increase in the sound level is obtained when using a mechanical amplifier of the sound flux in the auscultation device.

Trends in Diagnosis for Active Tuberculosis Using Nanomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1946-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Minh Tu Phan ◽  
Lemma Teshome Tufa ◽  
Hwa-Jung Kim ◽  
Jaebeom Lee ◽  
Tae Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Background:Tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is difficult to diagnose based only on signs and symptoms. Methods for TB detection are continuously being researched to design novel effective clinical tools for the diagnosis of TB.Objective:This article reviews the methods to diagnose TB at the latent and active stages and to recognize prospective TB diagnostic methods based on nanomaterials.Methods:The current methods for TB diagnosis were reviewed by evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the trends in TB detection using nanomaterials were discussed regarding their performance capacity for clinical diagnostic applications.Results:Current methods such as microscopy, culture, and tuberculin skin test are still being employed to diagnose TB, however, a highly sensitive point of care tool without false results is still needed. The utilization of nanomaterials to detect the specific TB biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity can provide a possible strategy to rapidly diagnose TB. Although it is challenging for nanodiagnostic platforms to be assessed in clinical trials, active TB diagnosis using nanomaterials is highly expected to achieve clinical significance for regular application. In addition, aspects and future directions in developing the high-efficiency tools to diagnose active TB using advanced nanomaterials are expounded.Conclusion:This review suggests that nanomaterials have high potential as rapid, costeffective tools to enhance the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB. Hence, portable nanobiosensors can be alternative effective tests to be exploited globally after clinical trial execution.

scholarly journals SCREENING IN CARDIOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Samorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Expensive Process ◽  
Current Guidelines

The organization of screening is a complex and expensive process. Many countries have implemented and continue to implement various health screening programs in the population groups. However, there is a process of refusing to screen certain diseases. In cardiology, some screening strategies are integrated in the national programs aimed at identifying risk factors and preventing chronic non-communicable diseases. None of the countries have established the screening of the entire population for all known cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using all known diagnostic methods. The decision to screen individuals for CVDs / risk factors within the opportunistic screening in the target populations in different countries varies, since it depends on many factors. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of screening for CVD, presents current guidelines from professional communities and national services of the United States of America, Great Britain, and Canada.

scholarly journals Problems of diagnostics and treatment of diffuse — toxic goiter (Graves’ disease)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saydiganikxodja I. Ismailov ◽  
Komila Kh. Khayitboyeva
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Radioiodine Ablation ◽  
Treatment Indications ◽  
Toxic Goiter

The article is devoted to prevalence, contemporary diagnostic methods and treatment of Grave’s disease. Advantages and disadvantages of different treatment options are discussed. The cause of the disease can be environmental conditions, infectious diseases, severe operational intervention, drugs, trauma, especially brain traumas, iodine deficiency and radiation damage of thyroid in iodine deficiency conditions, familial predisposition. The ideal treatment of Graves’ disease should ensure a fairly rapid elimination of clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, return to an euthyroid state, with minimal risk of complications. The relapse rate of the disease can reach up to 80 %, using conservative treatment. The radioiodine ablation is relatively simple, non-invasive, effective and cheap. There are special indications for surgical treatment. Indications for surgical treatment: 1) large goiter (the volume of the thyroid gland is more than 45 ml); 2) frequent recurrences of thyrotoxicosis and failure of the drug and RIT; 3)malignancy of goiter; 4) allergic and toxic (leukopenic) reactions to thyreostatics. Patients with Graves’ disease should referred to a specialized center with multidisciplinary team.

scholarly journals Update on Malaria Diagnostics and Test Utilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 2009-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine A. Mathison ◽  
Bobbi S. Pritt
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
Malaria Test

ABSTRACT Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. Although microscopic examination of thick and thin blood films remains the gold standard for laboratory diagnosis, rapid antigen tests and nucleic acid amplification methods may also play a useful role in detection of acute infection. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used diagnostic methods and provides important practice points for optimal malaria test utilization.

INTRADUCTAL PAPILLOMA BREAST CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-12
Author(s):  
Arif Guseynov
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Intraductal Papilloma ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The lecture provides information for practitioners: oncologists and surgeons. mammologists, General practitioners on the problems of modern diagnosis and treatment of intra-flow breast papilloma. Modern diagnostic methods, advantages and disadvantages of each method are described in detail. Questions of differential diagnostics are presented, optimal tactics and treatment regimen, methods of prevention are proposed.

scholarly journals THE VIBROACOUSTICAL RESEARCH OF ROLL BEARINGS DEFECTS

Transport ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Eimantas Juodzevičius
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Vibration Frequencies ◽  
Acoustical Parameters ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

This article presents the description, results and conclusions of the methodology of the vibroacoustical research of the transmission of one of the units of a tactical car- of the bevel bearings of the main gear reducer. To explore the vibroacoustical research of the roll bearings with reference to the latest western literature the main diagnostic methods are used. Their advantages and disadvantages, the limits of the vibration frequencies, where the assessment of acoustical parameters of vibration, are analyzed. The defects of the bearings are identified exploring the level of the noise intensiveness in the proximate points fiom the bearings, components (changing the diametric clearance), and the results are presented in the form of the spectra of the amplitude surrounding.

scholarly journals Effect of Noise Pollution Among Milling Machine Operators in North-West Nigeria.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola James Adeyemi ◽  
Semiu Adedeji Yusuf ◽  
Abubakar Arzika Zaki ◽  
Emmanuel Akujieze
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
North West ◽  
Commercial Activities

Commercial activities are mostly centralized to main markets in many towns and cities of the Northern part of Nigeria. Such central markets constitute the noisiest part of the towns. Yet, there is no evidence that the workers and traders in such markets are aware of the challenges excessive noise pollution pose to their health. This problem serves as the basis for this research, which investigated the major source of noise pollution in Kebbi central market and make recommendation to improve the wellbeing of the people in the market.The market was divided into thirteen sections based on activities. These sections were visited twice a day for two weeks to measure their sound levels. The sound level was measured with a CEM digital noise level meter with an accuracy of ±3.5dB@1KHz. Thereafter, an ergonomic observation assessment of the noisiest section was carried out. The assessment was carried out based on rapid entire body assessment (REBA) methodology. The average sound intensity in all the sections exceeded the recommended safe sound level of 40dB. However, only the sound intensity at the grain and spice milling section (89.13 dB) exceeded the noise harmfulness level of 85dB. Operators were encouraged to use ear muffs or earplugs to minimise the exposure to harmful noise level. Proper electrification of the section was also recommended to minimise the use of internal combustion engines. The findings emphasised the need for government and relevant authorities to carry out occupational safety awareness among workers in the non-formal sector of the society.

scholarly journals STATE OF THE ART USAGE OF RADIOLOGICAL AND ACOUSTIC METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA, INCLUDING THOSE CAUSED BY SARS-COV-2 VIRUS, IN CHILDREN. Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Y.V. Marushko ◽  
O.V. Khomych ◽  
T.V. Hyshchak ◽  
O.L. Tarynska ◽  
G.O. Shchegel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
External Irradiation ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Treatment Indications ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acoustic Methods

Relevance. Pneumonia is an actual problem of practical medicine. Diagnosis of pneumonia is quite complex and requires a comprehensive study, taking into account both clinical symptoms and the results of paraclinical research methods. Objective. The aim of the work is to generalize the data of the literature and our own experience of modern radiological and acoustic methods of pneumonia diagnosis. Methods. Analysis of scientific publications in the international electronic scientometric databases Scopus, PubMed by keywords. Search depth – 15 years (2007-2021). Results. The article summarizes its own data and presents a scientific review of the medical literature, which is devoted to the analysis of the problem of diagnosing pneumonia at different stages of treatment. Indications and contraindications to use, advantages and disadvantages of X-ray method, CT method and ultrasound diagnostics are described. The characteristic of a new method of hardware diagnostics which without external irradiation gives the chance to carry out primary acoustic remote diagnostics of pneumonia is resulted. Conclusion. Today there is a wide range of instrumental methods of studying the respiratory system that allow accurate diagnosis, but have some limitations in use in clinical practice, in particular in pediatrics. Promising is the development of new acoustic methods that have high diagnostic value, lack of additional radiation and contraindications.

scholarly journals A review on lab-on-chip as a potential diagnostic tool for early detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solihah Maketar ◽  
Nurhidanatasha Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
On Chip

Massive elimination efforts have been done to control the malaria disease caused by the emergence of the fifth human malaria parasite known as Plasmodium knowlesi. Early detection of the parasite is important in treating malaria infection. Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films is the gold standard for laboratory malaria diagnosis, while rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) are significant diagnostic techniques to detect acute infection. However, these methods have several limitations in which it could delay the treatment. The potential of lab-on-chip (LOC) as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for malaria fulfils the requirement of limitations where it is able to produce early detection of malaria infection. This review discusses advantages and disadvantages of malaria diagnostic methods as well as new approaches that could be used for high speed, sensitive and reliable malaria detection to prevent the disease from causing severe complications and even fatal if left untreated.

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