scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk according to plasma apolipoprotein and lipid profiles in a Canadian First Nation

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
ND Riediger ◽  
SG Bruce ◽  
TK Young
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Future Research

Introduction Despite high diabetes rates among Canadian First Nations people, little is known about their cardiovascular disease risk. Our aim was to describe the apolipoprotein profile with respect to cardiovascular risk in a Canadian First Nation community. Methods In 2003, a representative sample of adult members of a Manitoba First Nation (N = 483) participated in a screening study for diabetes and diabetes complications. We assessed their cardiovascular risk factors. Results Sixty percent of women were at increased cardiovascular risk because of low apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) levels, compared with 35% of men. The proportion of women with low apoA1 levels decreased with age, but the proportion with low high-density lipoprotein levels remained stable across age groups. Both apoB and apoA1 were significantly associated with obesity when age, sex, diastolic blood pressure, homocysteine, diabetes, and insulin resistance were controlled for. Conclusion Apolipoprotein and lipid profiles in this First Nation population suggest high cardiovascular risk. Future research should characterize the lipoprotein particle size in this population.

scholarly journals A Non-Probiotic Fermented Soy Product Reduces Total and LDL Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Jung ◽  
Ella H. Haddad ◽  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Rawiwan Sirirat ◽  
Alice Y. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Traditional Asian fermented soy food products are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in prospective studies, but few randomized controlled trials have been conducted in at-risk populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a commercial non-probiotic fermented soy product on blood lipids in adults with cardiovascular risk biomarkers. In a randomized, crossover, intervention study, 27 men and women (aged 29–75 y) exhibiting at least two risk factors, consumed two packets (12.5 g each) daily of a fermented powdered soy product, or an isoenergic control powder made from germinated brown rice for 12 weeks each. The consumption of the fermented soy product resulted in a significantly greater mean change from baseline (compared to the germinated rice, all p < 0.05) in total cholesterol of −0.23 mmol/L (CI: −0.40, −0.06) compared with 0.14 mmol/L (CI: −0.03, 0.31), respectively; and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol −0.18 mmol/L (CI: −0.32, −0.04) compared with 0.04 mmol/L (CI: −0.01, 0.018) respectively. This was accompanied by an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the germinated rice group, a decrease in apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in the fermented soy group, and a between-treatment effect in apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1); however, the ratio of the LDL:HDL and of Apo B:ApoA1 did not differ between the groups. The ratio of total cholesterol:LDL decreased in men in the fermented soy group (p < 0.001). Twenty-four-hour urine collection at the end of each treatment period resulted in an increased excretion expressed as a ratio in μmol/d between treatments of 10.93 (CI: 5.07, 23.54) for daidzein; 1.24 (CI: 1.14, 4.43) for genistein; and, 8.48 (CI: 4.28, 16.80) for glycitein, all p < 0.05. The fermented soy powder consumed by participants in this study without implementing other changes in their typical diets, decreased the total and LDL cholesterol, and may serve as a dietary strategy to manage blood lipids. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03429920.

scholarly journals Obesity and obesity-related comorbidities in a Canadian First Nation population

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Bruce ◽  
ND Riediger ◽  
JM Zacharias ◽  
TK Young
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Introduction Rates of obesity are higher among Canada's Aboriginal First Nations populations than among non-First Nations populations. We studied obesity and obesity-related illness in a Manitoba First Nation community. Methods We conducted a screening study of diabetes and diabetes complications in 2003, from which we drew a representative sample of Manitoba First Nation adults (N = 483). We assessed chronic disease and chronic disease risk factors. Results Prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities was higher among women than men. By using multivariate analysis, we found that factors significantly associated with obesity among women were diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, and employment status. Among men, factors were age, apolipoprotein A1 level, apolipoprotein B level, and insulin resistance. Seventy-five percent of study participants had at least 1 of the following conditions: obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes. Comorbidity was high even among the youngest age groups; 22% of men and 43% of women aged 18 to 29 had 2 or more chronic conditions. Twenty-two percent of participants had undiagnosed hypertension. Participants with undiagnosed hypertension had significantly more chronic conditions and were more likely to have microalbuminuria than were those without hypertension. The number of chronic conditions was not significantly different for participants with newly diagnosed hypertension than for those with previously diagnosed hypertension. Conclusion The prevalence of obesity and other chronic conditions in the study community is high, especially considering the number of young people. Community-based interventions are being undertaken to reduce the excessive rate of illness.

scholarly journals Lipid profiles in the Isfahan population: an Isfahan cardiovascular disease risk factor survey, 1994

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-777
Author(s):  
M. Rafiei ◽  
M. Boshtam ◽  
N. Sarraf Zadegan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Disease Risk Factor

A population-based study was conducted in 1994 in Isfahan to define the prevalence of various types of hyperlipidaemia and the mean concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein [HDL]cholesterol. In all, 2200 people were randomly chosen and classified into five age groups [20-70 years]. The data were obtained by questionnaires and anthropometric measurements and serum lipids and fasting blood sugar were measured. The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia was higher in women than men. Multiple linear regression showed only HDL cholesterol and triglycerides to be associated with body mass index. The most prevalent lipid abnormality was HDL cholesterol. Diet modification and physical activity should be encouraged to reduce hyperlipidaemia

Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Physical Performance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Pilot and Feasibility Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jiao Cheng ◽  
Xin-Ju Zhao ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Ming-Cheng Xu ◽  
Ying-Chun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Intradialytic Exercise

Introduction: Although intradialytic exercise is considered a form of “nonpharmacological medicine” for patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), this practice has not been widely implemented in most dialysis centers because of clinical limitations. We, therefore, aimed to design an intradialytic exercise training program to improve the implementation of this practice and determine its impact on physical performance and cardiovascular risk factors in patients receiving MHD. Methods: A total of 132 MHD patients at 4 outpatient dialysis units were enrolled and assigned randomly into exercise (n = 67) and control groups (n = 65). During a 2-year period, patients in the exercise group participated in 20-min exercise training sessions within dialysis sessions on 3 days per week. All patients underwent assessments of physical function (6-min walk test) and cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure [BP], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], albumin [Alb], hemoglobin [Hb], and erythropoietin [EPO] dose) at the baseline and annually thereafter. Results: Of the participants, 50.8% had completed the study after 2 years. No statistically significant intragroup or intergroup differences were observed in the measures of 6MD, BP, TC, hsCRP, Alb, Hb, and EPO dose. Conclusion: The results suggest that although this low-intensity, nonprogressive intradialytic exercise program may be practical, it was not sufficient to improve physiological function and reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients receiving MHD.

scholarly journals Body fat location and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight female adolescents and eutrophic female adolescents with a high percentage of body fat

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia F. Pereira ◽  
Hiara M. S. Serrano ◽  
Gisele Q. Carvalho ◽  
Joel A. Lamounier ◽  
Maria do Carmo G. Peluzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat

AbstractBackground:Excessive body fat, mainly abdominal fat, is associated with higher cardiovascular risk. However, a fat localisation measurement that would be more indicative of risk in adolescents has not yet been established.Objective:This study was conducted in order to evaluate the correlation between body fat location measurements and cardiovascular disease risk factors in female adolescents.Materials and methods:A total of 113 girls – 38 eutrophic according to their body mass index but with a high percentage of body fat, 40 eutrophic with adequate body fat, and 35 with excessive weight – were evaluated using 15 anthropometrical measurements and 10 cardiovascular risk factors.Results:The central skinfold was the best measurement for predicting variables such as glycaemia and high-density lipoprotein; waist circumference for insulin and homeostasis model assessment; coronal diameter for total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein; sagittal abdominal diameter for triglycerides and leptin; hip circumference for blood pressure; and the central/peripheral skinfold ratio for homocysteine. The correlation between the measurements and the number of risk factors showed that waist circumference and the waist/stature ratio produced the best results.Conclusions:The results suggest that the body fat distribution in adolescents is relevant in the development of cardiovascular risk factors. Simple measurements such as waist circumference and the waist/stature ratio were the best predictors of a risk of disease and they should therefore be associated with the body mass index in clinical practice in order to identify those adolescents at higher risk.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences of the Effect of Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins on 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk; Insights from the ATTICA Study (2002–2012)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
Matina Kouvari ◽  
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ◽  
Christina Chrysohoou ◽  
Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou ◽  
Dimitrios Tousoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Adjusted Risk

The sex-specific effect of lipid-related biomarkers on 10-year first fatal/non fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence was evaluated. ATTICA study was conducted during 2001–2012. n = 1514 men and n = 1528 women (>18 years) from greater Athens area, Greece were recruited. Follow-up (2011–2012) was achieved in n = 2020 participants. Baseline lipid profile was measured. Overall CVD event was 15.5% (n = 317) (19.7% in men and 11.7% in women, p < 0.001). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TAG) were independently associated with CVD in women; per 10 mg/dL HDL-C increase, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (0.53, 1.00); and per 10 mg/dL TAG increase, HR = 1.10, 95% CI (1.00, 1.21). Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) (per 10 mg/dL increase, HR = 0.90, 95% CI (0.81, 0.99)) was inversely associated with CVD in women, while a positive association with apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) was observed only in men (per 10 mg/dL increase, HR = 1.10, 95% CI (1.00, 1.21)). Non-HDL-C was associated with CVD in the total sample (HR = 1.10, 95% CI (1.00, 1.21)) and in women (HR = 1.10, 95% CI (1.00, 1.21)); a steep increase in HR was observed for values >185 mg/dL in the total sample and in men, while in women, a raise in CVD risk was observed from lower values (>145 mg/dL). As for non-HDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios, similar trends were observed. Beyond the common cholesterol-adjusted risk scores, reclassifying total CVD risk according to other lipid markers may contribute to early CVD prevention. Biomarkers such as HDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TAG should be more closely monitored in women.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF LIPID PROFILES WITH 10-YEAR ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK: STUDY AMONG SUBJECTS IN SLEMAN DISTRICT OF YOGYAKARTA INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Rita Suhadi ◽  
Dita Maria Virginia ◽  
Christianus Heru Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipid Ratio ◽  
Ascvd Risk

  Objectives: The subjects in the Sleman District of Yogyakarta had medium Framingham risk score (FRS) in the preceding year study. The 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was a newer risk estimator than FRS. This study aimed to associate the lipid profiles with the ASCVD risk.Methods: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional design and the subjects were selected with cluster random sampling. The association of lipid profiles and ASCVD risk was analyzed with Mann–Whitney/Kruskal–Wallis tests and Spearman’s rho correlation, whereas the categorical scores within sub-groups were analyzed Chi-square statistics, respectively.Results: The eligible subjects (n=221) had the age at 51.7±8.1 years, systolic/diastolic blood pressure 136.8±22.4/85.0±12.4 mmHg, total-cholesterol (total-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride at 202.0±34.9 mg/dl, 52.6±12.5 mg/dl, 126.3±30.0 mg/dl, and 135.9±95.4 mg/dl, respectively; with hypertension treatment 16.7%, smoking 52.9%, diabetes 10.4%, and the median ASCVD risk at 4.4 (0.2-41.4). The ASCVD risk has significant association with non-lipid profiles, total-C, lipid ratio of triglyceride/HDL-C, total-C/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C, to a lesser extent, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride.Conclusion: The 10-year ASCVD risk of the subjects was categorized as low and had a significant association with total-C and lipid ratio of triglyceride/ HDL-C, total-C/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C.

Abstract 15805: PCSK9 R46L, Lower LDL and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Baass
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Monogenic Disease ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Lipid Clinic ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a down-regulator of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a autosomal monogenic disease associated with high LDL-C concentration and cardiovascular risk. Hypothesis: This study aimed to examine whether the PCSK9 R46L loss of function mutation found in a cohort of FH patients will be associated with lower LDL-C and cardiovascular risk. Methods: We studied FH patients attending the IRCM Lipid Clinic and whose DNA genotyping was positive for LDLR mutations. The presence of the PCSK9 loss of function R46L missense mutation was determined among a cohort of 582 FH patients by sequencing. Results: Frequency of the R46L variant was 3%. Comparison of their lipid profile showed that carriers had significantly reduced LDL-C (11%, p<0.001), TC (9%, p<0.01), ApoB (10%, p<0.01) and non-HDL (12%, p<0.001) concentrations compared to non-carriers. The analysis of physical xanthomata among both groups, showed a decreased average number of xanthoma per individual in R46L carriers (0.33 and 0.76 respectively, p<0.001). Importantly, the R46L mutation was associated with a significant 66% (p=0.05) lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to non-carriers. Conclusion: Our study showed that the presence of the PCSK9 loss of function R46L mutation in the genotype of FH patients is beneficial for the lipid homeostasis and down-regulate the effect of the LDLR mutation in terms of accumulation of LDL-C, ApoB , total cholesterol, non-HDL and thereby, lowers the coronary heart disease risk of PCSK9 LOF mutation carriers. It is therefore very likely that anti-PCSK9 therapy will be useful in reducing cardiovascular risk in FH patients.

scholarly journals The Effects of Nano-Curcumin Supplementation on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Damoon Ashtary-Larky ◽  
Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi ◽  
Reza Bagheri ◽  
Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian ◽  
Alexei Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

Background: Previous studies have indicated that curcumin supplementation may be beneficial for cardiometabolic health; however, current evidence regarding the effects of its nanorange formulations, popularly known as “nano-curcumin”, remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the impact of nano-curcumin supplementation on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ISI web of science were systematically searched up to May 2021 using relevant keywords. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of nano-curcumin supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors were included. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models, and subgroup analysis was performed to explore variations by dose and baseline risk profiles. Results: According to the results of this study, nano-curcumin supplementation was associated with improvements in the glycemic profile by decreasing fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: −18.14 mg/dL; 95% CI: −29.31 to −6.97; p = 0.001), insulin (WMD: −1.21 mg/dL; 95% CI: −1.43 to −1.00; p < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (WMD: −0.28 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.33 to −0.23; p < 0.001). Interestingly, nano-curcumin supplementation resulted in increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (WMD: 5.77 mg/dL; 95% CI: 2.90 to 8.64; p < 0.001). In terms of other lipid profile markers (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), subgroup analyses showed that nano-curcumin supplementation had more favorable effects on lipid profiles in individuals with dyslipidemia at baseline. Nano-curcumin supplementation also showed favorable anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: −1.29 mg/L; 95% CI: −2.15 to −0.44; p = 0.003) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD: −2.78 mg/dL; 95% CI: −3.76 to −1.79; p< 0.001). Moreover, our results showed the hypotensive effect of nano-curcumin, evidenced by a decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Conclusions: In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that nano-curcumin supplementation may decline cardiovascular disease risk by improving glycemic and lipid profiles, inflammation, and SBP. Future large-scale investigations with longer durations are needed to expand on our findings.

Antiretroviral treatment

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1204-1208
Author(s):  
Nombulelo P. Magula ◽  
Rubeshan Perumal ◽  
Ruffin Apalata
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Achieving the targets set by UNAIDS for the year 2020 will enable the world to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Combination antiretroviral treatment (ART) is key to success of this goal and expanding access to all who need it, an imperative. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), ART, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients, either separately or collectively. The HIV replication in infected patients without ART is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease risk, which seems to reduce with ART. Proinflammatory cytokines maintained with HIV infection and associated with endothelial activation leading to a proatherogenic profile appear to improve with ART. Associations between protease inhibitors and increased triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol have been demonstrated. Although ART use has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in HIV-1-infected patients, the overall mortality benefit of ART seems to outweigh the cardiovascular risk. In the context of ART, traditional risk factors have been shown to be strong predictors of cardiovascular disease. Emphasis should be placed on assessment for and management of traditional risk factors. ART with less cardiovascular toxicity should be selected. Early initiation of ART is now recommended.

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