CLINICAL COURSE OF POST-VACCINATION PERIOD IN CHILDREN REVACCINATED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERTUSSIS VACCINES

Since the end of 2020, the mass vaccination has been actively promoted and seemed to be effective to bring the COVID-19 pandemic under control. However, the fact of immunity waning and the possible existence of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) make the situation uncertain. We developed a dynamic model of COVID-19 incorporating vaccination and immunity waning, which was calibrated by using the data of accumulative vaccine doses administered and the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 in mainland China. We explored how long the current vaccination program can prevent China in a low risk of resurgence, and how ADE affects the long-term trajectory of COVID-19 epidemics. The prediction suggests that the vaccination coverage with at least one dose reach 95.87%, and with two-doses reach 77.92% on August 31, 2021. However, even with the mass vaccination, randomly introducing infected cases in the post-vaccination period can result in large outbreaks quickly in the presence of immunity waning, particularly for SARS-CoV-2 variants with higher transmission ability. The results showed that with the current vaccination program and a proportion of 50% population wearing masks, mainland China can be protected in a low risk of resurgence till 2023/01/18. However, ADE effect and higher transmission ability for variants would significantly shorten the protective period for more than 1 year. Furthermore, intermittent outbreaks can occur while the peak values of the subsequential outbreaks are decreasing, meaning that subsequential outbreaks boosted the immunity in the population level, which further indicating that catching-up vaccination program can help to mitigate the possible outbreaks, even avoid the outbreaks. The findings reveal that integrated effects of multiple factors, including immunity waning, ADE, relaxed interventions, and higher transmission ability of variants, make the control of COVID-19 much more difficult. We should get ready for a long struggle with COVID-19, and should not totally rely on COVID-19 vaccine.

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Assessment of the timeliness of vaccination against pertussis in children of the first year of life and the reasons for the violation of the vaccination schedule

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-2-79-86 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 79-86

Author(s):

T. M. Chernova ◽

V. N. Timchenko ◽

A. I. Pedash ◽

M. D. Subbotina ◽

O. I. Bulina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Severe Form ◽

Recombinant Interferon ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Ifn Alpha ◽

Vaccination History ◽

Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽

Vaccination Period

The maximum incidence of pertussis in young children confirms the importance of their timely immunization.The goal is – to study the timeliness of vaccination against whooping cough, causes of violation of the vaccination schedule in young children, the effect of recombinant interferon-a on the post-vaccination period.Materials and methods: the vaccination history and data on the course of the post-vaccination period after immunization with DPT and DaPT vaccines of 469 children at the age of 3–24 months were studied.Results. The analysis showed that 14,9% of the observed children were not vaccinated against whooping cough in a timely manner. Of these: 34,3% had a written refusal to vaccinate (5.1% of the total number of observed children), in 32,8% of cases, the vaccination schedule was violated due to late arrival of parents, 32,9% of children by the start of immunization had medical challenges, and only half of them had justified contraindications. Non-serious side effects associated with immunization were observed in 11.3% of cases, statistically more often with DTP (22,0%) compared with DaPT (5.,5%). General and local reactions, in general, were recorded on DPT (6,9% and 15,1%, respectively) and less often developed with the use of DaPT (1,0% and 4,5%, respectively). Within 1 month after immunization, 16,2% of the observed children had an acute respiratory viral infection of varying severity. Those who did not receive antiviral therapy more often carried the disease in a moderate and severe form, which in all cases led to the postponement of the administration of the second and third doses of the vaccine.Conclusion. To increase the timeliness of vaccination of children against whooping cough, medical professionals should persistently remind parents about the timing of turnout for the next vaccination, when making medical withdrawals, be guided by modern methodological documents and instructions for vaccines. The use of antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of IFN-alpha drugs allows us to comply with the recommended schedule for vaccination of children with a high risk of SARS in the post-vaccination period.

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Clinical Course of Different Types of Immune Reactions following Keratoplasty

Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/a-1554-5362 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Philip Keye ◽

Thabo Lapp ◽

Daniel Böhringer ◽

Sonja Heinzelmann ◽

Philip Maier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Course ◽

Corneal Graft ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Corneal Graft Rejection ◽

Different Types ◽

Lost To Follow Up

Abstract Background Immune-mediated corneal graft rejection (IR) is a leading cause of corneal graft failure. The endothelium, stroma, epithelium, or a combination can be affected. Little is known about the long-term outcomes of different types of IR. Methods We reviewed the medical records of all keratoplasties that had been performed at our eye centre between 2003 and 2016 (n = 3934) for any kind of IR that occurred between the surgery and 2019. All patients with a definite diagnosis of IR and sufficient clinical data were included in the analysis. IRs were grouped according to the affected part of the graft (endothelial, stromal, epithelial, and mixed). We analysed the dynamics of recovery and the clinical outcomes. Results We identified a total of 319 patients with IR. Twenty-seven of those were lost to follow-up and were excluded from further analysis. Of the IRs, 89% affected the endothelium. Endothelial IR resulted more frequently in a considerable loss of endothelial cell density than other forms of IR. Stromal IR showed a lower relapse rate and a better visual recovery than other types of IR and resulted less often in a failure of the graft. Conclusions We herein report comprehensive data about the prognosis regarding functional recovery after different types of IR following keratoplasty. Our data underline that timely recognition and correct classification of IR are important because they determine the clinical course and prognosis.

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The effectiveness of treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with multiple decay cavities

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj64598 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

G. A. Smirnov ◽

E. A. Martynenkova ◽

R. M. Fattakhova ◽

R. Sh. Valiev

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Separate Analysis ◽

Destructive Process ◽

Complex Therapy ◽

Different Types

Pulmonary tuberculosis with multiple decay cavities is classified as a common destructive process and is treated with more intensive methods. We have drawn attention to the fact that the processes with the number of cavities more than one are very different in the nature of the flow. Having accumulated a sufficient number of observations over 15 years, we decided to conduct a separate analysis of the clinical course of the disease and evaluate the effectiveness of some methods of complex therapy in different types of pulmonary tuberculosis with multiple decay cavities.

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Identification of New Markers Discriminating Between Myeloid and Lymphoid Acute Leukemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.4891.4891 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 4891-4891

Author(s):

Houda Haouas ◽

Samira Haouas ◽

Georges Uzan ◽

Aicha Hafsia

Keyword(s):

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Guanine Nucleotide ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein ◽

Response To Chemotherapy ◽

Different Types ◽

Guanine Nucleotide Binding ◽

Acute Myeloid ◽

Sensitive Method

Abstract The heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with respect to biology and clinical course resides in the fact that patients belonging to the same group show marked differences in their response to chemotherapy, which would necessitate a refinement of AML classification. In order to contribute to define molecular markers for AML we realized microarray assays on two M5 AMLs and selected four differentially expressed genes to validate their expression by RQ-PCR. We have shown that two down-regulated genes in AML, Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) gamma 11 (GNG11) and Amphiregulin are also down-regulated in B-ALL and T-ALL patients. We have found a gene, Ceruloplasmin, which is up-regulated in AML but not in B-ALL and T-ALL. The level of expression of these genes varies from one patient to another. Since the group of patients studied is limited, further studies must carry on with a larger series of patients to be able to make subdivision according to the expression of GNG11, Amphiregulin and Ceruloplasmin. Our study is the first to analyze these genes in AML, B-ALL, T-ALL and CL patients by quantitative real time PCR. This rapid and sensitive method could be used to screen these genes in different types of leukemia.

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Emergence of human G2P[4] rotaviruses containing animal derived gene segments in the post-vaccine era

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep36841 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mark Zeller ◽

Valerie Nuyts ◽

Elisabeth Heylen ◽

Sarah De Coster ◽

Nádia Conceição-Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequencing ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Nsp4 Gene ◽

Genetic Composition ◽

Immunization Program ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Complete Genome Sequencing ◽

Relative Prevalence ◽

Vaccination Period

Abstract The introduction of Rotarix into the Belgian immunization program in June 2006 coincided with an increase of the relative prevalence of G2P[4] strains. However, the genetic composition of these persistent G2P[4] strains has not been investigated. Therefore, we have investigated the NSP4 gene of 89 Belgian G2P[4] strains detected between 1999 and 2013, covering both pre- and post-vaccination periods. The NSP4 genes were divided over seven separate clusters of which six were more closely related to animal than to human strains. The NSP4 genes that clustered more closely to animal DS-1-like strains were isolated after 2004–2005 and were found throughout multiple seasons. Complete genome sequencing of 28 strains identified several other gene segments that clustered more closely to animal than to human DS-1-like strains. These findings suggest that frequent interspecies reassortments may have played a role in the spread of G2P[4] rotaviruses in the post-vaccination period in Belgium.

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Familial left ventricular noncompaction: phenotypes and clinical course. Results of the multicenter registry

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2021.04.200677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 381-388

Author(s):

Olga V. Kulikova ◽

Roman P. Myasnikov ◽

Elena A. Mershina ◽

Polina S. Pilus ◽

Sergei N. Koretskiy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ventricular Remodeling ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Noncompaction ◽

Ventricular Noncompaction ◽

Different Types ◽

Multicenter Registry

Aim. To analyze and demonstrate various phenotypes in patients with familial left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC). Materials and methods. In 2013 was created a multicenter registry of LVNC patients. On its basis 30 families with a familial LVNC were selected. Results. 30 LVNC families were selected from the register. From a total of 115 people (probands and relatives) in 71 (61.7%) LVNC was diagnosed (30 probands and 41 relatives with non-compact myocardial criteria). The most common type of remodeling in patients was the dilated type (DT) (n=30), the isolated LVNC with preserved ejection fraction (EF) was slightly less common (n=23), and the hypertrophic type (GT) was detected in 8 patients. 4 patients were diagnosed with the isolated LVNC with a reduced EF. 3 patients were with a combination of non-compact myocardium with congenital heart disease and with a combination of DT and GT (DT+GT). During the analysis of cases a combination of different phenotypes in the same family was observed. The largest number of families was diagnosed with a combination of DT and the isolated LVNC with preserved EF. The development of cardiovascular complications was associated with DT. Conclusion. Family cases of LVNC had different types of myocardial remodeling and variants of clinical course. In one family a combination of different types of left ventricular remodeling is possible. DT is associated with the most severe clinical manifestations. The clinical picture of the isolated LVNC with preserved EF, is the most favorable, but in rare cases, serious clinical manifestations were observed.

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Convulsive syndrome in the post-vaccination period: is there a connection with the vaccine?

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-5-15-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

E. P. Nacharova ◽

S. M. Kharit ◽

A. A. Ruleva

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

New Methods ◽

Clinical Center ◽

The Usa ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Vaccination Period

The article describes the characteristics and classification of adverse events after immunization (AEFI) according to the latest WHO recommendations. The registration systems for AEFI in the USA and in Russia are described. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the convulsive syndrome that developed after vaccination. Four clinical cases of the development of convulsive syndrome in children hospitalized at the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of Russia (St. Petersburg) in the postvaccination period are presented. The criteria for differential diagnosis of the described diseases are indicated. Only a search for the etiology of the disease allows us to assess the relationship with vaccination, timely conduct adequate therapy and generate objective information on the safety of vaccines. There is a need to register all episodes of seizures after vaccination and introduce new methods for registering PPI, as well as creating a system of statistical accounting of background health conditions (convulsions, allergies) of the population of the Russian Federation of various age groups.

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The initial impact of a national BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine rollout

10.1101/2021.04.26.21256087 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Zaqout ◽

Joanne Daghfal ◽

Israa Alaqad ◽

Saleh A.N. Hussein ◽

Abdullah Aldushain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Confidence Intervals ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Time Periods ◽

Rate Ratios ◽

Vaccination Period

AbstractObjectiveWe herein report the initial impact of a national BNT162b2 rollout on SARS-CoV-2 infections in Qatar.MethodsWe included all individuals who by 16 March 2021 had completed ≥14 days of follow up after the receipt of BNT162b2. We calculated incidence rates (IR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), during days 1–7, 8–14, 15–21, 22–28, and >28 days post-vaccination. Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) relative to the first 7-day post-vaccination period.ResultsWe included 199,219 individuals with 6,521,124 person-days of follow up. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 1,877 (0.9%), of which 489 (26.1%) were asymptomatic and 123 (6.6%) required oxygen support. The median time from first vaccination to SARS-CoV-2 confirmation was 11.9 days (IQR 7.7–18.2). Compared with the first 7-day post-vaccination period, SARS-CoV-2 infections were lower by 65.8–84.7% during days 15–21, days 22–28, and >28 days (P <0.001 for each). For severe COVID-19, the incidence rates were 75.7– 93.3% lower (P <0.001 for each) during the corresponding time periods.ConclusionOur results are consistent with an early protective effect of BNT162b2 against all degrees of SARS-CoV-2 severity.

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