Prosodiac strategies of reading and oral narrative

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-330
Author(s):  
Tatiana Evgenyevna Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Gender And Age

This paper is aimed at the analysis of discourse incompleteness in sound speech. The main means of indicating that the current statement is not final is prosody. The preliminary analysis shows that various genres and styles of spoken speech – spontaneous speech, prepared speech, artistic reading, and radio newscasters’ reading – as well as various social categories of speakers use the prosody of incompleteness to different extent. The rate of demonstrating incompleteness in a text can serve as a parameter of genre, style, or a speaker him/herself. Young women even in prepared speech (for instance, in a scientific paper at a conference) are very eager in showing that the continuation of the speech is in its process, whereas professional readers of both genders practically do not employ the indices of incompleteness. In this paper, a notion of incompleteness factor has been put forward. It mirrors the frequency of incompleteness instances in a text, or in a working corpus of texts. Incompleteness factor as an instrument of sound speech analysis is tested on five fragments taken from a working corpus specifically set up for this investigation. The fragments exemplify the following parameters of texts and speakers: style, genre, gender, and age of a speaker. The analysis shows that sound speech of young females has a higher incompleteness factor than the one of males, or older females. At the same time, the radio newscasters reading has a higher incompleteness factor than the artistic reading.

Breast carcinoma in young females below the age of 35 years - histopathological and prognostic significance

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
D Ghartimagar ◽  
A Ghosh ◽  
OP Talwar ◽  
R Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Group Grade

Background: Breast cancers rarely occur in young women but are known to have more aggressive behaviors and poorer outcome. We here compare the significance of breast carcinoma in female below the age of 35 to the age over 35 whose specimens were submitted to Manipal teaching hospital, Pokhara. Materials and Methods: All cases of mastectomy with carcinoma from January 2000 to September 2011 were included in the study. Clinical and histopathological datas of all cases were reviewed and collated. Results: A total of 148 mastectomy specimens were received, among which, 23 cases (16%) were below 35 years; whereas 125 cases (84%) were above 35 years of age. In both groups, Stage II was the commonest stage but stage III was much more common in older group (33% versus 9%) and stage I was more common in younger age group (39% versus 27%). Bloom Richardson grading showed that in the older age group, grade 1 is the commonest grade (50%) while in the younger group; grade 3 is the commonest (39%). Patients were followed for a varying period of 6 months to 5 years. Two cases (2% of followed up cases) in older group and 3 cases (15% of followed up cases) in the younger group showed recurrence. Conclusion: Breast carcinoma in the patients younger than 35 years though presented at an early stage has higher grade tumor and poorer outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6021 JPN 2012; 2(3): 198-202

scholarly journals GET IT, GIRL! An exploration of "fitspiration" content on Instagram using visual social semiotics and social comparison theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn McGuirk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Social Comparison Theory ◽  
Social Semiotics ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Female Bodies

By definition “fitspiration” (fit + inspiration) is any message designed to inspire or motivate individuals to achieve their fitness objectives. These messages are usually accompanied by an image of a very fit person performing a physical activity. Fitspiration messages seem to be everywhere with more than 12 million results on Instagram alone. This Master of Professional Communication Major Research Paper (MRP) explores the “fitspiration” phenomenon on the social media platform Instagram by examining 50 images tagged with “#fitspiration” during March and April 2017. Informed and analyzed through multiple methods including content analysis, visual social semiotics theory, discourse analysis and social comparison theory, this report seeks to answer the research questions: (1) What are the characteristics of “fitspiration” images on Instagram that are aimed at young women? (2) What messages do these media images convey? (3) What are the implications of these messages on young women? The results of this study suggest that the “thin-ideal” that is embedded in western culture still dominates social media and the “fitspiration” community, which continues to negatively impact young women’s self-esteem and body image. However, based on the findings there is a shift to the “strong is the new skinny” mentality where the captions and comments of each image are overwhelmingly positive in nature with little to no existence of destructive discourses. In an attempt to lessen the effects of such idealized and unrealistic portrayals of female bodies on young women there must be this continued presence of constructive messages and conversations on social media, coupled with education and social media literacy for young females.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer in Young Women: Status Quo and Advanced Disease Management by a Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Approach

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Kudela ◽  
Marek Samec ◽  
Peter Kubatka ◽  
Marcela Nachajova ◽  
Zuzana Laucekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Preventive And Personalized Medicine ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
And Personalized Medicine

Why does healthcare of breast cancer (BC) patients, especially in a young population, matter and why are innovative strategies by predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) strongly recommended to replace current reactive medical approach in BC management? Permanent increase in annual numbers of new BC cases with particularly quick growth of premenopausal BC patients, an absence of clearly described risk factors for those patients, as well as established screening tools and programs represent important reasons to focus on BC in young women. Moreover, "young" BC cases are frequently "asymptomatic", difficult to diagnose, and to treat effectively on time. The objective of this article is to update the knowledge on BC in young females, its unique molecular signature, newest concepts in diagnostics and therapy, and to highlight the concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine with a well-acknowledged potential to advance the overall disease management.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Clinical, Angiographic and Procedural Profiles between Young Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Fathima Aaysha Cader ◽  
Afzalur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Ullah ◽  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
Md Sarwar Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is increasingly prevalent among young patients, particularly in South Asia, where young patients are known to present with multiple risk factors and gender-based differences in angiographic profiles. This study aimed to compare gender differences in clinical, angiographic and procedural profiles between young patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: This prospective observational study was done at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) from April 2016 to March 2017. 190 young patients with ACS undergoing PCI were included. Clinical, angiographic and procedural variables were compared and statistically analyzed.Results: The mean age of young females and males was 43.8±6.9 years and 40.1±4.3 years respectively (p<<0.001). Young women had significantly more risk factors of hypertension (62.1% vs 33.7%, p<0.001) and diabetes (57.9% vs 31.6%, p<0.001) in comparison to young men. Smoking was significantly greater among young males (70.5% vs 0%, p<0.001). Young females had significantly better mean ejection fraction (EF) (48.4±9.3% vs 45.1±10.4%, p=0. 02). Left main coronary artery (3.2% vs. 1.1%, p=0.61) and left anterior descending artery (51.6% vs. 45.3%, p=0.38) were more frequently involved among young females. Young males showed angiographically more severe CAD and greater frequency of multivessel CAD with higher DVD (22.1%vs 18.9%, p=0.58) and TVD (18.9%vs 11.6%, p=0.15).Conclusion: Significantly more young women with ACS presented with hypertension and diabetes than young males. However, they had better ejection fraction and less severe angiographic profiles.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 113-120

scholarly journals Evaluating the effectiveness of incentives to improve HIV prevention outcomes for young females in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa impact evaluation protocol and baseline results

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marelize Gorgens ◽  
Andrew F. Longosz ◽  
Sosthenes Ketende ◽  
Muziwethu Nkambule ◽  
Tengetile Dlamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Cash Incentive ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Eswatini continues to have the highest prevalence of HIV in the world, and one of the highest HIV incidences among adult populations (aged 15–49). This analysis reports on both key elements of study design/protocol and baseline results from an impact evaluation of an intervention incentivizing (i) initiation, enrolment, attendance or completion of some form of education, and (ii) lower risk sexual behaviour. Methods The impact evaluation employs a two by two factorial design in which participants are enrolled in either the incentive for education arm (‘education treatment arm’ providing a conditional cash incentive) or the control arm (‘education control arm’). In each of these arms, 50% of participants were randomized to also be eligible for selection – three times a year – to participate in a conditional raffle conditional on testing negative for curable STIs (syphilis and Trichomonas vaginalis). Results Baseline recruitment and screening occurred in 2016 when a total of 6055 individuals were screened of which 4863 participated in the baseline survey, and 4819 individuals were randomized into one of the study arms. The baseline prevalence of HIV, Trichomonas vaginalis, and syphilis among adolescent girls and young women 8.20% (397/4840), 3.31% (150/4533) and 0.17% (8/4830) respectively. Conclusions An educational cash incentive and raffle incentive impact evaluation that addresses adolescent girls and young women who are in-education and out-of-education has the potential to reduce HIV risk in adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini. Trial registration Name of the registry: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry. Trial registration number: PACTR201811609257043. Date of registration: May 11, 2018 ‘Retrospectively registered’. URL of trial registry record: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=4685

Disciplining women in Hong Kong: The discourse of ‘Kong girl’ in the media and daily life

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Young Females ◽  
The Media ◽  
Status Of Women

In the recent decades, ‘Kong girls’ has become a vogue term in the media as well as in daily conversations among youths in Hong Kong. The term, which is more of a negative slang form than a neutral short term of ‘Hong Kong girls’, egregiously refers to young women who supposedly embody Hong Kong values that are dominated by materialism. Thus, it would be interesting from a gendered perspective to tease out the ideological implications of the term: why does it refer universally to young females (all girls in Hong Kong) rather than those with/under specific conditions (such as those with princess syndrome or materialist mindsets)? This article examines the features of ‘Kong girls’ in a mass-media context and compares them with the findings of focus group discussions with local young informants. Although the media helped shape the images of Kong girls and form the stereotypes of the terminology in the society, the content analysis results show inconsistency and tensions with focus group findings. The Kong girl discourse in the media and daily life manifests anxieties and perplexity of young men in Hong Kong, who are facing the crisis of masculinity catalysed by the emerging status of women.

Young females’ sexual self-efficacy: associations with personal autonomy and the couple relationship

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Partner Communication ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Cognitive Autonomy

Background Theory suggests that young women’s own efficacy for sexual self-protective behaviour is greater when they are more advanced in their cognitive autonomy, and when they have romantic partners who support autonomy rather than engage in coercive behaviours and are warm and accepting rather than rejecting. Methods: A total of 199 women (aged 16 to 25 years) completed questionnaires measuring sexual self-efficacy, autonomy, partner communication and their partners’ behaviours. Hypotheses were tested with structural equation modelling. Results: Correlations showed that young women reported more self-efficacy when they had greater autonomy and reported partners to be more supportive and warmer, and less coercive and rejecting. In structural equation modelling, the association of women’s autonomy with sexual self-efficacy was indirect via their perceived capacity to communicate with their partners. Associations of partner behaviours with sexual self-efficacy were both direct and indirect via the capacity to communicate. Conclusions: Sexual efficacy is enhanced among young women who report a greater general capacity to communicate openly with their partners and have partners who display more warmth and less rejecting behaviours. Young women are also higher in sexual self-efficacy when they report more cognitive autonomy and lower partner coercion, but these associations are completely indirect via females’ greater capacity to communicate openly. The findings provide support for sexual health programs focussing on decision-making skills, personal competence, partners’ behaviours and dyadic communication strategies.

scholarly journals usage and distribution of "so" in spontaneous Berlin Kiezdeutsch

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Stefanie Jannedy
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Specific Circumstance ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Youth Language

In this paper I investigate the usage of the adverb and particle 'so' in spontaneous speech (interviews) collected from 21 speakers of the urban multi-ethnolectal youth language Kiezdeutsch. Speakers from the neighborhoods Kreuzberg and Wedding in Berlin are ranging in age from 14 to 18. The 1454 tokens of so available in the corpus (about 5 hours of speech) were classified into 10 different categories; some were structurally defined while others were defined along dimensions of meaning. Our current results indicate that there are differential usages patterns depending on the speaker's gender and age for some of these categories. Further, it appears that some patterns that have been attributed grammatical meaning may not appear frequently enough to establish a separate meaningful grammatical category. Rather, most instances of this kind of use of so appear to have a hedging function, indicating speakers' non-commitance to a specific circumstance.  

scholarly journals Forced sexual relations among married young women in developing countries

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
World Health ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex

Recent research in developing countries suggests that a considerable number of young women may experience forced sex within marriage, but most women may be inhibited from reporting these experiences due to shame, fear of reprisal, or deep-rooted unequal gender norms. In September 2003, a global consultative meeting on nonconsensual sex among young people in developing countries was held in New Delhi, India. The meeting was organized by the Population Council in collaboration with World Health Organization/Department of Reproductive Health and Research, and Family Health International/YouthNet. Participants included researchers, legal analysts, representatives from community-based NGOs, policy-makers, and young people themselves. Papers highlighting the nature and prevalence of coercion among married young women were presented. Sessions examined the following issues in relation to nonconsensual sex: experiences of young females and males: prevalence, forms, and contexts; youth perspectives; patterns of transactional sex; roles of the legal system; outcomes of coercion at the individual and community level; interventions to prevent nonconsensual sex and to support and treat victims; and research design and methods. Several recommendations for action to address factors that heighten young women’s vulnerability to coercive sexual relationships within marriage were presented.

scholarly journals Regression models of individual cephalometric indicators used in the method of R. M. Ricketts

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
A. V. Chernysh
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Third ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

It is proved that in the analysis of lateral teleroentgenograms according to different methods distances and angles have their normative indices which differ for persons of different ethnic, gender and age belongings. Therefore, for a full use in the orthodontics R.M. Ricketts method, similar studies are needed in Ukraine. The purpose of the work – in young men and women  with normal occlusion close to the orthognathic bite and harmonious face construct and analyze the regression models of teleroentgenographic indicators used in the method of R. M. Ricketts. Primary lateral teleroentgenograms of 38 young men (aged 17-21 years) and 55 young women (aged from 16 to 20 years) with normal occlusion close to orthognathic bite and harmonic face, obtained from the Veraviewepocs 3D device, Morita (Japan), taken from the bank data of research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Cephalometric measurements were performed according to the recommendations of R. M. Ricketts. All indicators were divided into three groups: 1 - metric characteristics of the skull, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment; 2 – tooth-jaw indicators, the definition of which most often guided by performing orthodontic manipulations of patients in children and adolescents, as well as those with already formed bone skeleton when orthodontic surgery can change the width, length, angles and position of the bones of the upper and lower jaws; 3 - indicators that characterize the position of each individual tooth relative to each other, to the bony cranial structures and face profile. The regression models of individual teleroentgenographic indicators used in the R.M. Ricketts methodology are constructed using the “Statistica 6.0” licensing package. Constructed all 2 reliable models of the indicators included in the second group (distance Go-CF and Xi-Pm), depending on the indicators of the first group (in young men R2 = 0.884 and 0.928, and in young women - 0.735 and 0.719); as well as in young men, 7 out of 8 possible reliable models (R2 = from 0.568 to 0.887) of the indicators included in the third group (the magnitude of the distances 6u-6l, Overjet, Overbite, 6u-PTV, 1l-APog, 1u-APog and Xi-OcP ) depending on the indicators of the first and second groups; and only 5 models for young women (6u-PTV, 1l-APog, 1u-APog and Xi-OcP distances, and the magnitude of the Max1-APog angle). In the analysis of entering into the regression models of the relevant predictors, it was found that in young men, among the teleroentgenographic indicators of the first group included in the two models of the second group, is the distance P-PTV, and in young women the front length of the base of the skull N-CC and the back of the skull base Ar- Pt It was also found that among young men among the teleroentgenographic indicators of the first and second groups, which were included in the models of the third group, the most frequent is the value of the distance B-Pog (11.1%); while in young women - distance B-Pog (15.6%) and an angle DC-Xi-PM (9.4%).

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