L’incarnation du verbe de Dieu entre niceisme et arianisme au IVe siècle

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-103
Author(s):  
Lucian Dîncă ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Nicene Creed

The Incarnation of the Word of God between Niceism and Arianism in the IVth century. The incarnation of the Word is the main theme debated by St. Athanasius throughout his theological and dogmatic works. First, incarnation theology has an anti-pagan connotation, as pagans derided Christians’ faith in the incarnation of the divine Logos, and, on the other hand, the Alexandrian bishop developed the theme of the incarnation against the Arians who denied the divinity of the Son and promoted a “creationist” doctrine of Christ. Between niceism and arianism, the theology of the incarnation knew several forms of theological expression, starting from the Arians, followers of Arius, to the neo-Arians, reinvented by Aetius and Eunomius, passing through the theology of the Homeans, who claimed the resemblance of the Son to the Father, to it culminated in the Homoiousians, those who came closest to the dogma of the Nicene Creed and who would finally embrace Niceism. The Cappadocians use in their theology of the incarnation the intuitions and arguments of Athanasius to overcome any other doctrine that would oppose or contradict the Niceno homoousian dogma, the consubstantiality of the Son with the Father, namely, the Son is God like Father. Keywords: incarnation, Trinity, dogma, homeism, homoousianism, Arianism, niceism, Athanasius, council, ousia, theology, heresy, orthodoxy, Logos, Son, Father.

scholarly journals Obrada motiva smrti u nastavi književnosti

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 615-629
Author(s):  
Snežana Božić
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The motif of death in teaching literatureThis paper includes a survey of the affective and cognitive limitations in the students’ perception of the motif of death, particularly when it appears as the main theme in literary works analyzed in class. The author explores the frequency of such texts in the curriculum and provides specific psychological-pedagogical findings, which should be considered and applied. Furthermore, the paper contains certain methodological solutions applicable in some stages of interpretation that refer to the analysis of the motif of death. The solutions, on the one hand, take into consideration the values and the significance of the work itself, and on the other hand, the age of students and their individual characteristics such as personality, sensibility, the experience of the death of their loved ones or its lack. The insights and suggestions are related to the results of an online questionnaire conducted among teachers of literature about their approach to the motif of death in teaching, which is presented in this paper.  Aнализ мотивa смерти на уроках литературы в школеВ статье рассматриваются аффективные и когнитивные ограничения в восприятии мотивa смерти школьниками, особенно в том случае, когда этот мотив является одним из ведущих в литературном произведении, анализируемом на уроке литературы. Исследуется количество таких текстов в учебной программе, анализируются определенные психолого-педагогические знания, которые надо учитывать в учебном процессе. Предлагаются методические рекомендации по интерпретации мотива смерти. С одной стороны, эти рекомендации учитывают ценность и значение самого литературного текста, а с другой — возраст и другие индивидуальные характеристики учащихся характер, чувствительность, опыт/отсутствие опыта. Выводы и предложения в статье сопоставляются с результатами проведенного среди преподавателей литературы онлайн-опроса, касающегося методики интерпретации мотива смерти на уроках литературы. В статье представлены результаты проведенного опроса.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE MILITARY LEADERSHIP CONCEPT IN THE SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019, 21/4 (Volume 2019/issue 21/4) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
MARJAN HORVAT
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Leadership ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military

The main theme of the paper is the Concept of Military Leadership in the Slovenian Armed Forces, which currently represents the highest substantive and guiding normative act in the field of military leadership in the Slovenian Armed Forces (hereinafter referred to as the SAF). Due to the enormous importance of this field in working with people and the aim of influencing the change of the concept, the paper analysed and compared the concepts of military leadership in other selected armed forces and looked for similarities and divergences, especially in two segments - substantive and normative. On the one hand, we have shown the substantive obsolescence and inadequate normative rank of the Concept of Military Leadership in the Slovenian Armed Forces and, on the other hand, the necessity of substantive updating with concrete proposals and arguments for the development of the Doctrine of Military Leadership in the SAF. Key words Leadership, armed forces, Concept of Military Leadership in the SAF

scholarly journals Word and Spirit in the Confessions of the European Reformation

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Henk van den Belt
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Internal Work ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Radical Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Relationship

Protestant spirituality is characterized by the mutual relationship between Word and Spirit. The doctrinal formulations of this relationship in the confessions of the Reformation period show that this specific feature of Protestant spirituality originated from the opposition to Rome and the Radical Reformation. The objections by Protestants against the mediaeval view that grace was infused through the sacraments led them to emphasize that faith was worked by the Spirit, in the heart. On the other hand, their objections against spiritualizing tendencies in the Radical Reformation led them to emphasize that faith was a matter of trust, based on the external Word. This two-sided tension led to a nuanced view of the relationship between the external Word of God and the internal work of the Spirit. In Lutheran and Reformed theologies this led to different spiritualities. The author traces these developments by analysing several Protestant confessions of the Reformation period.

scholarly journals Penitência cotidiana. Uma verdade a ser recordada

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (302) ◽  
pp. 402-427
Author(s):  
Francisco Taborda
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
In Christ

Síntese: Nos seis-sete primeiros séculos, procurava-se o perdão dos pecados em formas cotidianas de obter a reconciliação que Deus nos oferece em Cristo. A forma elaborada, conhecida na pesquisa histórica como “penitência canônica” (sacramento da penitência), era reservada para poucos pecados gravíssimos, exigia penitências rigorosíssimas que duravam anos e não podia ser repetida. Em compensação, as formas cotidianas (escuta da Palavra de Deus, esmola-oração-jejum, confissão a leigos, a eucaristia como sacramento do perdão) eram muito valorizadas e recomendadas. Se essas formas cotidianas forem novamente valorizadas, não haverá razão para lamentar-se sobre a chamada “crise da confissão”. O estudo é precedido por uma reflexão antropológica sobre a reconciliação (o “fazer as pazes”) no âmbito humano.Palavras-chave: Penitência cotidiana. Escuta da Palavra de Deus. Esmola. Oração. Jejum. Confissão a leigos.Abstract: In the first six to seven centuries forgiveness from sins was sought by way of quotidian forms to obtain the reconciliation that God in Christ offers us. The elaborate form, known in historical research as “canonical penance” (the sacrament of penance) was reserved for a few serious sins, demanded severe penances that lasted years, and could not be repeated. On the other hand, the quotidian forms (listening to the Word of God, alms giving-prayer-fasting, the confession to lay persons, the Eucharist as a sacrament of forgiveness) were highly recommended and valued. If these forms were newly valued, there would not be any reason to lament the so-called “crisis of confession”. This study is preceded by an anthropological reflection regarding reconciliation (“making peace”) in the context of human relations.Keywords: Quotidian penance. Listening to the Word of God. Alms giving. Prayer. Fasting. Confession to lay persons.

scholarly journals THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF A HORSE IN THE EPOS OF HEROES

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
A. Koshekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Heroic Epic ◽  
Historical Poetry

Compared to other genres of the epic, in the heroic epic we see one of the most perfect images of the horse, which has reached a high artistic level. This is due to the fact that in the archaic epic the predominance of fantastic elements, mythical motives, the consciousness of an immature child prevents him from creating a full-fledged image of a horse, the main theme of the lyric epic. which prevented the formation On the other hand, historical poetry is usually smaller in size than epic, which does not allow portraying tulpar in a variety of forms. Therefore, we can say that the image of the horse in the Kazakh epic, which is depicted in the most comprehensive, deep and diverse character, is formed mainly in the heroic epic. This was due to the fact that tulpar are usually portrayed with heroism, courage, battles with the enemy. In this regard, the article discusses the main features of the image of a horse in the epic.

scholarly journals Hukum Utama Dalam Mempersiapkan Khotbah

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Hasanema Wau
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
Academic Degrees

A sermon today (here) is built from a text written thousands of years ago and addressed to a specific person or community. Serious efforts are needed to bridge the cultural gap between today's readers and first readers. Two temptations to watch out for: first, focus on exploring and describing various historical arguments. The sermon focuses on patterns of interpretation of the biblical texts relating to the past in the area of ​​Israel and beyond. Second, the focus is to be relevant, so that it ignores what the author intends, what is understood by the recipient of the letter. The Scriptures are not a letter that is only able to be solved by an expert in a line of academic degrees. On the one hand it must find out the meaning of the text (for writers and readers), on the other hand it must find principles that can be applied now and here. Balance is a demand! The Word of God speaks to all generations, so it is not enough to rediscover the original meaning of a passage without describing the significance of the passage for today. Abstrak Indonesia Sebuah khotbah hari ini (di sini) dibangun dari teks yang ditulis ribuan tahun yang lalu dan ditujukan kepada orang atau komunitas tertentu. Upaya serius diperlukan untuk menjembatani kesenjangan budaya antara pembaca saat ini dan pembaca pertama. Dua godaan yang harus diwaspadai: pertama, fokus mengeksplorasi dan mendeskripsikan berbagai argumen sejarah. Khotbah berfokus pada pola penafsiran teks-teks alkitabiah yang berkaitan dengan masa lalu di wilayah Israel dan sekitarnya. Kedua, fokusnya harus relevan, sehingga mengabaikan maksud penulis, apa yang dipahami penerima surat. Kitab Suci bukanlah surat yang hanya bisa diselesaikan oleh seorang ahli di bidang akademis. Di satu sisi harus mencari tahu makna teks (bagi penulis dan pembaca), di sisi lain harus menemukan prinsip-prinsip yang bisa diterapkan sekarang dan di sini. Keseimbangan adalah permintaan Firman Tuhan berbicara kepada semua generasi, jadi tidaklah cukup untuk menemukan kembali arti asli dari suatu bagian tanpa menjelaskan pentingnya bagian tersebut untuk hari ini.  

scholarly journals (Re)conceptualizing Difference in the Context of the Acting Subject’s Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-108
Author(s):  
Anna Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

What is the source and the effect of the acting subject’s identity? This question refers to difference, but not in its usual conceptualization, synonymous with a border and the need to maintain or transcend it. By reconceptualizing difference, which I see as “re-creating” the meaning and linking it with “added” meanings, this article restores its original load (importance) in being an acting subject, mediated in otherness. For this purpose, the différance of Jacques Derrida is invoked and his statements about it combined with those of other philosophers, in whom I found what is related and/or complementary and extends not only Derrida's thought, but that which constitutes the main theme of this article. On the one hand, otherness is an impulse to the “work” of the difference, and on the other hand, it is its effect. What is the role of the “work” of the difference in creating the identity of the acting subject? In connection with the “shift” of the effect of its work – otherness, into the area of the identity of the acting subject, can this subject say about itself: this is still me? In this context, what is responsive ethics, which, I believe, should be included in the contemporary humanistic and social discourse about the subject?

„Es sind ja nicht Lesewort, sondern Lebewort drinnen“ (Martin Luther). Ein protestantischer Beitrag zur performanzorientierten Schriftauslegung

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-257
Author(s):  
Christian Hild
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
The Other ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Word Of Life

Martin Luther emphasized the vitality of the Word of God as a “word of life” (“Lebewort”) on the grounds that one of its characteristics is that it be heard and used by people. This is how the Reformer deliberately distinguished himself from the Pope’s sole authority to interpret the Holy Scripture – the Pope who reduced the Word of God to a “reading word” (“Lesewort”), and thereby suppressed its inherent performativity, preventing the Word of God from reaching people. On the one hand, Luther’s perspective valuably brings to light the text performance of the writings of the Old and New Testament, and on the other hand, gives us the opportunity to draw attention to the topicality and “life” (or „livingness”) of the Word of God. For Protestant religious education focuses on this living vitality in order to mitigate the increasing alienation of students from the language of Holy Scripture by means of a stress on the performative uses of the Word of God.

Amyntas Perdikka, Philip II and Alexander the Great

1971 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Time

The purpose of this article is twofold: primarily to draw attention to the evidence for a hitherto unrecognised plot against the throne of Alexander the Great; and incidentally to re-examine the evidence for the regency of Philip II on behalf of his nephew Amyntas son of Perdikkas—a subject which has important repercussions on the main theme.Until the end of the nineteenth century students of the reign of Philip II of Macedon, on confronting the question of Philip's regency, had simply to make a choice between the circumstantial (but at least partly incorrect) notice of Justin—who says he was regent—and the contrary indication or implication of Diodorus and all other sources, contemporary or later, including of course Demosthenes.On the death of Perdikkas III in battle against the Illyrians Philip ‘became king of Macedonia, in the archonship of Kallimedes, the first year of Olympiad 105’ (359 B.C.). So says a scholiast on Aischines iii 51. Philip ‘was king over (ἐβασίλєυσєν) the Macedonians for 24 years’, says Diodorus—that is, from 359 to 336. On the other hand, Justin claims that on Perdikkas' death Philip became regent; he remained for a long time—diu—non regem sed tutorem pupilli. His pupillus, his ‘ward’, was Amyntas, son of the late king and nephew of Philip. As Macedonia was threatened, continues this author, with serious wars and required the leadership of more than a mere boy, Philip compulsus a populo regnum suscepit.

Blanks and Gaps in the Markan Parable of the Sower

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Directions ◽  
Parable Of The Sower

AbstractDavid Stern has helpfully applied to rabbinic parables Meir Sternberg's distinction between a "blank," an accidental transmission of confusing narrative signals, and a "gap," a deliberate ambiguity in a narrative. This distinction may also be applied to Mark. The confusing stage directions of chapter 4, for example, are a blank, whereas the failure to explain why Jesus forbids publicity about himself is a gap. The Parable of the Sower provides an example of both types of ambiguity. The identity of the seed is a blank; 4:14 explicitly identifies it as the word, but 4:15-20 implies that it is the people who hear the word, a confusion which may partly reflect different history-of-religions backgrounds. The failure to identify the sower, on the other hand, is a gap. Various narrative signals suggest that he is God, Christ, or the Christian preacher. It would help, in trying to decide between these possibilities, if one knew whether his sowing technique was logical or illogical, but that is another blank or gap. Mark probably wants the reader to conclude that the sower is all three of the figures suggested; "the word" is at one and the same time the word of God, the word of Jesus, and the word of the Christians. This sort of composite identity corresponds to apocalyptic thinking: speech is not a simple, autonomous human action, but a complex event in which human and supernatural factors are inextricably mixed up together.

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