scholarly journals Carbon nanomaterials for metal-free electrocatalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ana M.B. Honorato ◽  
Mohd Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reactions ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Carbon Based

Carbon materials are continuing in progress to accomplish the requirements of energy conversion and energy storage technologies because of their plenty in nature, high surface area, outstanding electrical properties, and readily obtained from varieties of chemical and natural sources. Recently, carbon-based electrocatalysts have been developed in the quest to replacement of noble metal based catalysts for low cost energy conversion technologies, such as fuel cell, water splitting, and metal-air batteries. Herein, we will present our short overview on recently developed carbon-based electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions such as oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions, along with challenges and perspectives in the emerging field of metal-free electrocatalysts.

scholarly journals Application of Nanostructured Carbon-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Screening of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Waters and Aquatic Species: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Torrinha ◽  
Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira ◽  
Francisco W.P. Ribeiro ◽  
Adriana N. Correia ◽  
Pedro Lima-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Pollutants ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Based

Pharmaceuticals, as a contaminant of emergent concern, are being released uncontrollably into the environment potentially causing hazardous effects to aquatic ecosystems and consequently to human health. In the absence of well-established monitoring programs, one can only imagine the full extent of this problem and so there is an urgent need for the development of extremely sensitive, portable, and low-cost devices to perform analysis. Carbon-based nanomaterials are the most used nanostructures in (bio)sensors construction attributed to their facile and well-characterized production methods, commercial availability, reduced cost, high chemical stability, and low toxicity. However, most importantly, their relatively good conductivity enabling appropriate electron transfer rates—as well as their high surface area yielding attachment and extraordinary loading capacity for biomolecules—have been relevant and desirable features, justifying the key role that they have been playing, and will continue to play, in electrochemical (bio)sensor development. The present review outlines the contribution of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, carbon nanopowder, biochar nanoparticles, and graphite oxide), used alone or combined with other (nano)materials, to the field of environmental (bio)sensing, and more specifically, to pharmaceutical pollutants analysis in waters and aquatic species. The main trends of this field of research are also addressed.

scholarly journals N-doped carbon nanomaterials are durable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic fuel cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e1400129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianglan Shui ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Feng Du ◽  
Liming Dai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Carbon Based

The availability of low-cost, efficient, and durable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a prerequisite for commercialization of the fuel cell technology. Along with intensive research efforts of more than half a century in developing nonprecious metal catalysts (NPMCs) to replace the expensive and scarce platinum-based catalysts, a new class of carbon-based, low-cost, metal-free ORR catalysts was demonstrated to show superior ORR performance to commercial platinum catalysts, particularly in alkaline electrolytes. However, their large-scale practical application in more popular acidic polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells remained elusive because they are often found to be less effective in acidic electrolytes, and no attempt has been made for a single PEM cell test. We demonstrated that rationally designed, metal-free, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes and their graphene composites exhibited significantly better long-term operational stabilities and comparable gravimetric power densities with respect to the best NPMC in acidic PEM cells. This work represents a major breakthrough in removing the bottlenecks to translate low-cost, metal-free, carbon-based ORR catalysts to commercial reality, and opens avenues for clean energy generation from affordable and durable fuel cells.

scholarly journals Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuangang Hu ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
Yuqin Zou ◽  
Liming Dai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Strong Stability ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Carbon Based

Abstract Carbon-based metal-free catalysts possess desirable properties such as high earth abundance, low cost, high electrical conductivity, structural tunability, good selectivity, strong stability in acidic/alkaline conditions, and environmental friendliness. Because of these properties, these catalysts have recently received increasing attention in energy and environmental applications. Subsequently, various carbon-based electrocatalysts have been developed to replace noble metal catalysts for low-cost renewable generation and storage of clean energy and environmental protection through metal-free electrocatalysis. This article provides an up-to-date review of this rapidly developing field by critically assessing recent advances in the mechanistic understanding, structure design, and material/device fabrication of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion/storage and environmental protection, along with discussions on current challenges and perspectives. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Carbon-based electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion and storage

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. e1500564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintao Zhang ◽  
Zhenhai Xia ◽  
Liming Dai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Carbon Based

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) play curial roles in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, including fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Having rich multidimensional nanoarchitectures [for example, zero-dimensional (0D) fullerenes, 1D carbon nanotubes, 2D graphene, and 3D graphite] with tunable electronic and surface characteristics, various carbon nanomaterials have been demonstrated to act as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for ORR and OER in fuel cells and batteries. We present a critical review on the recent advances in carbon-based metal-free catalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries, and discuss the perspectives and challenges in this rapidly developing field of practical significance.

scholarly journals Carbon nanomaterials: synthesis and applications to development of electrochemical sensors in determination of drugs and compounds of clinical interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís S. Porto ◽  
Daniela N. Silva ◽  
Ana Elisa F. de Oliveira ◽  
Arnaldo C. Pereira ◽  
Keyller B. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Electrocatalytic Effect ◽  
Clinical Interest

AbstractIt is notorious that researches related to electrochemical sensors increased significantly due the promising characteristics that these devices present such as the possibility of obtaining information, with minimum manipulation of the studied system, in real time, and with low environmental impact. This article covers the carbon nanomaterials, presenting important aspects such as main properties, synthesis methods, and the application of these materials in the development of electrochemical sensors for the analysis of drugs and compounds of clinical interest. In this context, drug analysis is extremely important for quality control, to ensure that the medicine fulfills its role effectively without possible complications that could compromise the patient’s health and quality of life. In addition, analytical methods capable of determining compounds of clinical interest in biological fluids are extremely important for the indication of effective diagnoses. Thus, the versatility, selectivity, and portability of the electroanalytical techniques make the electrochemical sensors a favorite tool for the determination of drugs and compounds of clinical interest. It will be possible to follow in the present work that carbon nanomaterials have excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, strong adsorption capacity, high electrocatalytic effect, high biocompatibility, and high surface area. The possibility of formation of different composite materials based on carbonaceous nanomaterials that makes these materials promising for the development of analytical sensors, contributing to rapid, sensitive, and low-cost analyses can also be highlighted.

scholarly journals Synthesis of catalysts with fine platinum particles supported by high-surface-area activated carbons and optimization of their catalytic activities for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (33) ◽  
pp. 20601-20611
Author(s):  
Md. Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Kenta Inaba ◽  
Garavdorj Batnyagt ◽  
Masato Saikawa ◽  
Yoshiki Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Supported Platinum ◽  
Platinum Particles

Herein, we demonstrated that carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) is a low-cost and high-performance electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs).

scholarly journals Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity of Copper–Cobalt Oxide Nanosheets

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Geul Han Kim ◽  
Yoo Sei Park ◽  
Juchan Yang ◽  
Myeong Je Jang ◽  
Jaehoon Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Cobalt Hydroxide ◽  
Ni Foam ◽  
Electron Conduction

Developing high performance, highly stable, and low-cost electrodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is challenging in water electrolysis technology. However, Ir- and Ru-based OER catalysts with high OER efficiency are difficult to commercialize as precious metal-based catalysts. Therefore, the study of OER catalysts, which are replaced by non-precious metals and have high activity and stability, are necessary. In this study, a copper–cobalt oxide nanosheet (CCO) electrode was synthesized by the electrodeposition of copper–cobalt hydroxide (CCOH) on Ni foam followed by annealing. The CCOH was annealed at various temperatures, and the structure changed to that of CCO at temperatures above 250 °C. In addition, it was observed that the nanosheets agglomerated when annealed at 300 °C. The CCO electrode annealed at 250 °C had a high surface area and efficient electron conduction pathways as a result of the direct growth on the Ni foam. Thus, the prepared CCO electrode exhibited enhanced OER activity (1.6 V at 261 mA/cm2) compared to those of CCOH (1.6 V at 144 mA/cm2), Co3O4 (1.6 V at 39 mA/cm2), and commercial IrO2 (1.6 V at 14 mA/cm2) electrodes. The optimized catalyst also showed high activity and stability under high pH conditions, demonstrating its potential as a low cost, highly efficient OER electrode material.

Unveiling General Rules Governing Dimensional Evolution of Branched TiO2 and Impacts on Photo-electrochemical Behaviours

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teera Butburee ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Lianzhou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Charge Transport ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Branched Nanostructures

Branched nanostructures represent a unique group of nanoarchitectures exhibiting advantageous high surface area and excellent charge transport for energy conversion application compared to their bulk counterparts. Especially, branched titanium dioxide...

Morphology dependent adsorption of methylene blue on trititanate nanoplates and nanotubes prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of TiO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-357
Author(s):  
Graham Dawson ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Luhua Lu ◽  
Kai Dai
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Properties

The adsorption properties of two nanomorphologies of trititanate, nanotubes (TiNT) and plates (TiNP), prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of concentrated NaOH with different phases of TiO2, were examined. It was found that the capacity for both morphologies towards methylene blue (MB), an ideal pollutant, was extremely high, with the TiNP having a capacity of 130 mg/g, higher than the TiNT, whose capacity was 120 mg/g at 10 mg/L MB concentration. At capacity, the well-dispersed powders deposit on the floor of the reaction vessel. The two morphologies had very different structural and adsorption properties. TiNT with high surface area and pore volume exhibited exothermic monolayer adsorption of MB. TiNP with low surface area and pore volume yielded a higher adsorption capacity through endothermic multilayer adsorption governed by pore diffusion. TiNP exhibited a higher negative surface charge of −23 mV, compared to −12 mV for TiNT. The adsorption process appears to be an electrostatic interaction, with the cationic dye attracted more strongly to the nanoplates, resulting in a higher adsorption capacity and different adsorption modes. We believe this simple, low cost production of high capacity nanostructured adsorbent material has potential uses in wastewater treatment.

Highly active mixed-valent MnOxspheres constructed by nanocrystals as efficient catalysts for long-cycle Li–O2batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (43) ◽  
pp. 17129-17137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanpei Zhang ◽  
Zhaoyin Wen ◽  
Yang Lu ◽  
Xiangwei Wu ◽  
Jianhua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Highly Active

We demonstrate a low-cost and facile strategy to synthesize mixed-valent MnOxspheres constructed from nanocrystals (~5 nm), containing MnII, MnIII, and MnIVspecies. Such highly active mixed-valent MnOxspheres with high surface area greatly improve the performance of Li–O2batteries.

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